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1 DALAM MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA DI ALOR SETAR DALAM NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN, MALAYSIA GUAMAN SIVIL NO. KA-22NCvC-29-07/2023
KA-22NCvC-29-07/2023
High Court of Malaysia4 Dec 2024
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“tled to the obedience and respect from the parties to it on the basis of a command from a superior court of unlimited civil jurisdiction in the course of contentious litigation (see Issac v Robertson [1985] AC 97; Pembenaan KSY Sdn Bhd v Lian Seng Properties Sdn Bhd [1991] 1 MLJ 100; Puah Bee Hong & Anor v Pentadbir Ta”
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1 DALAM MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA DI ALOR SETAR DALAM NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN, MALAYSIA GUAMAN SIVIL NO. KA-22NCvC-29-07/2023
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DR. JEYALAKSHMI A/P RATNAVALE (menuntut untuk dan bagi pihak Estet Annalakshmi, si mati) [kesemuanya menuntut sebagai benefisiari-benefisiari yang dinamakan dalam Wasiat Ratnavale a/l Mahalingam bertarikh 10.02.1971] ... PLAINTIF-PLAINTIF 06/01/2026 08:51:41 KA-22NCvC-29-07/2023 Kand. 46
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DR. M. MAHADEVAN A/L MAHALINGAM (dituntut sebagai Eksekutor dan Trustee Estet Ratnavale a/l Mahalingam, si mati)
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SANDRASEGARA A/L MAHALINGAM (dituntut sebagai Eksekutor dan Trustee Estet Ratnavale a/l Mahalingam, si mati)
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DR. M. MAHADEVAN A/L MAHALINGAM (dituntut sebagai Wakil Thavamani Johnston dan Sironmani Van Gorkam untuk Estet Mahalingam Ratnammal (f) si mati dengan Wasiat terlampir) … DEFENDAN-DEFENDAN
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Dalam tindakan ini, tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif terhadap Defendan-Defendan seperti dalam Writ Saman (Kandungan 1) dan Pernyataan Tuntutan (Kandungan 2) adalah seperti yang berikut:
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suatu perintah bahawa Defendan Pertama dihalang sama ada sendirinya atau oleh pekerjanya atau sebaliknya untuk memindahkan, menjual dan/atau berurusan dalam apa jua cara sekalipun dengan semua hartanah yang dikenali sebagai Lot 3, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah di bawah No. Geran 36433 sehingga masa perkara-perkara yang dinyatakan dalam Writ ini telah diputuskan oleh Mahkamah yang terhormat ini;
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suatu deklarasi bahawa Penghakiman syak itu bertarikh 31.1.2012 di Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh dalam Guaman Sivil No: 22-11-2001 setakat melibatkan Lot 3, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah di bawah No. Geran 36433 dalam estet Ratnavale, si mati, adalah batal dan tidak sah;
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bahawa Penghakiman syak itu bertarikh 31.1.2012 di Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh dalam Guaman Sivil No: 22-11- 2001 setakat melibatkan Lot 3, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah di bawah No. Geran 36433 dalam estet Ratnavale, si mati, diketepikan ex debito justitiae; dan
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relif selanjutnya dan atau relif lain-lain.
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Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga kemudiannya telah memfailkan Notis Permohonan di bawah Aturan 14A(1) dan/atau Aturan 33 kaedah 2 dan kaedah 5 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, dan/atau Aturan 18 kaedah 19(1)(b) atau (d) Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 serta Aturan 92 kaedah 4 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 dan bidang kuasa Mahkamah yang sedia ada seperti di Lampiran 19 untuk perintah seperti yang berikut:
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sama ada Mahkamah Tinggi, Alor Setar yang setaraf dengan Mahkamah Tinggi, Ipoh (of coordinate jurisdiction) mempunyai kuasa dan/atau bidang kuasa untuk mengisytiharkan bahawa penghakiman bertarikh 31 Januari 2012 yang diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh dalam Guaman Sivil No. 22-11-2001 setakat melibatkan Lot 3 [Geran No Hakmilik: 36433, Lot 3, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah] adalah batal dan tak sah, walhal penghakiman tersebut telah ditegakkan (affirmed) oleh Mahkamah Rayuan melalui Rayuan Sivil
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sama ada Mahkamah yang mulia ini yang setaraf dengan Mahkamah Tinggi, Ipoh mempunyai kuasa dan atau bidang kuasa untuk mengetepikan penghakiman bertarikh 31 Januari 2012 yang diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi, Ipoh dalam Guaman Sivil No: 22-11-2001 setakat Lot 3, walhal Mahkamah Rayuan melalui Rayuan Sivil No: A-02- 505-03/2012 telah menegakkan penghakiman tersebut; dan
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penentuan soalan-soalan tersebut akan melupuskan guaman sivil ini secara muktamad.
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Setelah Mahkamah ini meneliti, menilai dan mempertimbangkan permohonan Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga terhadap Plaintif-Plaintif seperti di Kandungan 19 tersebut serta kesemua afidavit, hujahan dan nas undang-undang yang telah difailkan oleh kedua-dua pihak, Mahkamah ini berpuas hati dan memutuskan bahawa Kandungan 19 tersebut dibenarkan dengan kos sebanyak
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Dalam membenarkan Kandungan 19 tersebut, Mahkamah ini bersetuju sepenuhnya dengan segala afidavit, hujahan dan nas undang-undang yang dikemukakan oleh pihak Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga dan tiada apa-apa penambahan.
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Apa yang hendak ditekankan oleh Mahkamah ini ialah memandangkan penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh pada 31.1.2012 dalam Guaman Sivil No: 22-11-2001 tersebut, yang diputuskan oleh Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal, PK (rujuk Ekshibit “B” dan “C”, Afidavit Sokongan Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga di Kandungan 20), telahpun disahkan (affirmed) oleh Mahkamah Rayuan pada 13.3.2013 melalui Rayuan Sivil No: A-02-505-03/2012, yang diputuskan oleh Mohd Hishamudin Bin Mohd Yunus, HMR, Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahim, HMR dan Mohamad Ariff Bin Md Yusof, HMR (rujuk Ekshibit “D”, Afidavit Sokongan Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga di Kandungan 20), dan keputusan Mahkamah Rayuan tersebut adalah keputusan yang muktamad, maka berdasarkan prinsip duluan mengikat (stare decisis), Mahkamah ini adalah terikat dengan keputusan Mahkamah Rayuan tersebut.
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Dapatan Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh yang relevan mengenai Lot 3 tersebut, seperti mana yang dinyatakan dalam penghakiman bertarikh 31.1.2012 (lihat Panchanath a/l Ratnavale (suing as the beneficiary to the estate of Ratnavale s/o Mahalingam @ Mahalingam Ratnavale deceased under will dated 10 February 1971) v Sandra Segara Mahalingam (sued as the executor and trustee of the last will of Ratnavale s/o Mahalingam @ Mahalingam Ratnavale deceased dated 10 February 1971) & Ors [2012] 5 MLJ 109) dan kemudiannya disahkan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan pada 13.3.2013, adalah seperti yang berikut: “[57] The facts which give rise to this complaint can be stated as follows. Lot 3 was owned by Sungai Tukang Rubber Estate Company (‘Sungai Tukang Company’). Ratnavale had an interest in this Sungai Tukang Company. In around August 1970, there were arrears on the rent on the said land which were not settled. Lot 3 was then forfeited by the Kedah State Government by gazette notification dated 9 September 1971. This was during Ratnavale’s lifetime. [58] … D2 then initiated court proceedings to appeal against the forfeiture. He was successful and the court ordered D2 to settle the outstanding quit rent. Lot 3 was then registered in the name of D2. … [61] Even assuming for a moment that Lot 3 formed part of the estate of Ratnavale, then it would be a fair assumption that Lot 3 would have remained forfeited to the Government with little prospect of success in overturning the forfeiture as Ratnavale had failed to pay the arrears of quit rent. The plaintiffs would not be quarrelling about Lot 3 then. In the circumstances, I fail to see any merit in the plaintiffs’ allegations in this regard. This claim must therefore fail.”. [Penekanan ditambah]
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Oleh itu, pada pendapat Mahkamah ini, tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif dalam Kandungan 1 supaya Mahkamah ini mengisytiharkan bahawa penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh bertarikh 31.1.2012 yang melibatkan Lot 3, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah di bawah No. Geran 36433 dalam estet Ratnavale, si mati adalah batal dan tidak sah dan seterusnya supaya Mahkamah ini mengetepikan ex debito justitiae penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh bertarikh 31.1.2012 tersebut adalah tidak bermerit dan Mahkamah ini tiada kuasa dan bidang kuasa untuk memutuskan tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif tersebut.
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Keputusan Mahkamah ini adalah selaras dengan keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Badiaddin Bin Mohd Mahidin & Anor v Arab Malaysian Finance Bhd [1998] 1 MLJ 393 yang telah disampaikan oleh Mohd Azmi FCJ seperti yang berikut: “It is of course settled law as laid down by the Federal Court in Hock Hua Bank’s case that one High Court cannot set aside a final order regularly obtained from another High Court of concurrent jurisdiction. But one special exception to this rule (which was not in issue and therefore not discussed in Hock Hua Bank) is where the final judgment of the High Court could be proved to be null and void on ground of illegality or lack of jurisdiction …”. [Penekanan ditambah]
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Dalam kes yang sama, Mahkamah Persekutuan melalui penghakiman yang disampaikan oleh Peh Swee Chin FCJ telah memutuskan bahawa – “When a judgment in the High Court has been perfected in the manner described in the above passage, a party to the judgment generally and subject to the same passage, or any other written law, and apart from any appeal, cannot reopen the matter finalized in the judgment by seeking to alter it or amend it for the court would be functus officio by virtue of the ratio of Hock Hua Bank v Sahari bin Murid. Once perfected, a judgment of the High Court is also entitled to the obedience and respect from the parties to it on the basis of a command from a superior court of unlimited civil jurisdiction in the course of contentious litigation (see Issac v Robertson [1985] AC 97; Pembenaan KSY Sdn Bhd v Lian Seng Properties Sdn Bhd [1991] 1 MLJ 100; Puah Bee Hong & Anor v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Anor (Teo Keng Tuan Robert, Intervener) and another appeal [1994] 2 MLJ 601).”. [Penekanan ditambah]
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Berdasarkan penghakiman Badiaddin Bin Mohd Mahidin & Anor v Arab Malaysian Finance Bhd (supra) tersebut adalah jelas bahawa suatu penghakiman yang teratur (regular judgment) dan muktamad hanya boleh diketepikan sekiranya dapat dibuktikan bahawa penghakiman tersebut adalah batal dan tidak sah atas alasan illegality atau lack of jurisdiction.
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Walau bagaimanapun, Plaintif-Plaintif dalam tindakan ini telah gagal membuktikan bahawa penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut adalah batal dan tidak sah kerana wujudnya elemen illegality atau lack of jurisdiction dalam prosiding di hadapan Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut.
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Memandangkan tiada elemen illegality atau lack of jurisdiction dalam prosiding di hadapan Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut dan penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh bertarikh 31.1.2012 tersebut telahpun disahkan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan tersebut, maka Mahkamah ini berpendapat bahawa penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut adalah suatu penghakiman yang teratur, muktamad dan sah di sisi undang-undang.
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Oleh yang demikian, Mahkamah ini yang mempunyai bidang kuasa yang setara dengan Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut, tidak mempunyai kuasa dan bidang kuasa untuk mengetepikan penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh yang teratur, muktamad dan sah di sisi undang-undang tersebut (lihat kes Hock Hua Bank Bhd v Sahari Bin Murid [1981] 1 MLJ 143 [1981] 1 MLJ 143; Pemunya Kapal MV Brihope & Ors v Emmanuel E Okwuosa & Ors [1997] 1 MLJ 453; Petroleum Nasional Bhd v Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu [2004] 1 MLJ 8; Pilecon Engineering Bhd v Malayan Banking Bhd & Ors [2012] 3
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Dalam kes Pilecon Engineering Bhd v Malayan Banking Bhd & Ors (supra) misalnya, Mary Lim J (pada ketika itu) telah memutuskan bahawa – “[71] But, first things first. One must not lose sight of the fundamental fact that at the heart of the plaintiffs complaint is the OS order made by the High Court. The primary object of the plaintiffs claim is to set aside that order. This court is in fact being asked to set aside an order made by another court of co-ordinate jurisdiction. The glaring truth of the matter is that this court has no jurisdiction to do so. [72] In Hock Hua Bank v Sahari Murid [1981] 1 MLJ 143 and even in Badiaddin Mohd Mahidin & Anor v Arab Malaysian Finance Bhd [1998] 1 MLJ 393; [1998] 2 CLJ 75, the Federal Court reminded that there is no jurisdiction to set aside a final order made by a court of concurrent jurisdiction that has been regularly obtained: It is of course settled law as laid down by the Federal Court in Hock Hua Bank case that one High Court cannot set aside a final order regularly obtained from another High Court of concurrent jurisdiction. But one special exception to this rule (which was not in issue and therefore not discussed in Hock Hua) is where the final judgment of the High Court could be proved to be null and void on ground of illegality or lack of jurisdiction so as to bring the aggrieved party within the principle laid down by a number of authorities culminating in the Privy Council case of Isaacs v Robertson [1985] AC 97 where Lord Diplock while rejecting the legal aspect of voidness and voidability in the orders made by a court of unlimited jurisdiction, upheld the existence of a category of orders of the court’ … which a person affected by the order is entitled to apply to have set aside ex debito justitiae in the exercise of the inherent jurisdiction of the court, without his needing to have recourse to the rules that deal expressly with proceedings to set aside orders for irregularity, and give to the judge a discretion as to the order he will make. The Privy Council through Lord Diplock also emphasised that the courts in England have not closed the door as to the type of defects in the final judgment of the court that can be brought into the category that attracts ex debito justitiae the right to have it set aside without going into the appeal procedure, ‘save that specifically it includes orders that have been obtained in breach of rules of natural justice’. Similarly, in this country the statement of Abdoolcader J (as he then was) in Eu Finance Berhad v Lim Yoke Foo [1982] 2 MLJ 37 at p 39 provides the correct guideline on the subject: The general rule is that where an order is a nullity, an appeal is somewhat useless as despite any decision on appeal, such an order can be successfully attacked in collateral proceedings; it can be disregarded and impeached in any proceedings, before any court or tribunal and whenever it is relied upon — in other words, it is subject to collateral attack. In collateral proceedings the court may declare an act that purports to bind to be non-existent. In Harkness v Bells’ Asbestos and Engineering Ltd [1967] 2 QB 729, 736 Lord Diplock LJ (now a Law Lord) said (at p 736) that it has been long laid down that where an order is a nullity; the person whom the order purports to affect has the option either of ignoring it or of going to the court and asking for it to be set aside. For my part, I must hasten to add that apart from breach of rules of natural justice, in any attempt to widen the doors of the inherent and discretionary jurisdiction of the superior courts to set aside an order of court ex debito justitiae to a category of cases involving orders which contravened ‘any written law’, the contravention should be one which defies a substantive statutory prohibition so as to render the defective order null and void on ground of illegality or lack of jurisdiction.”. [Penekanan ditambah]
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Sebaliknya, Mahkamah ini berpendapat bahawa mod yang sesuai untuk mencabar dan mengetepikan penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh yang teratur, muktamad dan sah menurut undang-undang tersebut adalah melalui rayuan oleh Plaintif-Plaintif sebagai pihak yang terkilan.
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Selain daripada prinsip stare decisis dan bahawa penghakiman Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut adalah teratur, muktamad dan sah menurut undang-undang, alasan Mahkamah ini membenarkan Kandungan 19 tersebut ialah kerana –
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berdasarkan Kandungan 19 dan afidavit-afidavit keterangan yang telah difailkan oleh pihak-pihak, Mahkamah ini berpuas hati dan mendapati bahawa Writ Saman dan Pernyataan Tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif tersebut tidak mempunyai sebarang merit, asas dan kausa tindakan yang sah terhadap Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga; dan
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Writ Saman dan Pernyataan Tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif tersebut adalah terhalang oleh prinsip res judicata dan estoppel kerana tuntutan Plaintif-Plaintif terhadap Defendan-Defendan dalam prosiding ini melibatkan fakta dan isu yang sama yang telah diputuskan (adjudicated) melalui suatu perbicaraan penuh di hadapan Mahkamah Tinggi Ipoh tersebut.
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Berdasarkan alasan-alasan di atas, Mahkamah ini telah membenarkan permohonan Defendan Pertama dan Defendan Ketiga (Kandungan 19) tersebut dengan kos sebanyak RM8,000.00. Bertarikh : 31 DISEMBER 2025 (DR. ARIK SANUSI BIN YEOP JOHARI) Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Malaya, Alor Setar Kedah Darul Aman (KEDAH DARUL AMAN) Peguam bagi pihak Plaintif-Plaintif: Encik M. Thayalan Tetuan G. Raju & Company Peguam Bela dan Peguam Cara Room 701, 7th Floor Penang Chinese Town Hall No. 22, Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling 10200 Penang. (No. Ruj.: ALHGCT/OS29/25) No. Tel: 04-2629815 No. Fax: - Email: grajuco78@gmail.com Peguam bagi pihak Defendan-Defendan: Encik Manian Raju bersama Cik Raswanti a/p Nagaindren Tetuan Manian Raju & Associates Peguam Bela dan Peguam Cara No. 63, Jalan S2 D36 City Centre, Seremban 2 70300 Seremban Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus (No. Ruj.: MRA/MR/016/23/L) No. Tel: 06-601 1803/601 1834/601 1836 No. Fax: 06-601 2075 Email: manianraju.law@gmail.com
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