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1 DALAM MAHKAMAH SESYEN DI KUALA LUMPUR DALAM WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPUR GUAMAN SIVIL NO.: WA-A52NCVC-1727-03/2025
WA-A52NCC-1727-03/2025
Sessions Court of Malaysia16 Dec 2025
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“ihak menghormati arahan pengurusan kes Mahkamah dan bagi mengelakkan kelengahan dalam proses keadilan. Mahkamah ini merujuk kepada DIONG HIEW KING @ TIONG HIEW KING v. LAU SWEE NGUONG @ LAU SUI GUANG [2012] CLJU 1086, [2012] 1 LNS 1086, [2014] 8 MLJ 575 yang memutuskan seperti berikut: “Decision of the court in strikin”
“9. Selanjutnya di dalam kes KOH HENG JIN V. GAN KOOI ANN [2015] CLJU 1244, Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan yang berikut:- "[40] In our view even though the learned judge did not issue an "unless order", O. 34 r. 2(2) of the ROC (not O. 34 r. 1 as cited by counsel) clearly cont”
“ld automatically attract the penalty prescribed in the order. Failure to comply may therefore result in the dismissal of an action or the striking out of the defence. See How Hock Sing @ Low Kim Peng [2015] MLJU 712 and Reiss v Woolf [1952] 2 All ER 112. ….. [16] It bears mention that unless there are good reasons for”
“8. Mahkamah ini merujuk keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes LIM GOH ENG HOLDINGS SDN BHD V OFF-SHORE-CPI SUPPLY SDN BHD [2019] CLJU 2143; [2019] 1 LNS 2143; [2020] MLJU 275, yang telah memutuskan seperti berikut: "[8] An unless order is an order of the Court which requires a person to do something within a fixed tim”
“8. Mahkamah ini merujuk keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes LIM GOH ENG HOLDINGS SDN BHD V OFF-SHORE-CPI SUPPLY SDN BHD [2019] CLJU 2143; [2019] 1 LNS 2143; [2020] MLJU 275, yang telah memutuskan seperti berikut: "[8] An unless order is an order of the Court which requires a person to do something within a fixed tim”
“a prescribed timeframe but also sets out, in express terms, the consequence of failure to comply. (See: Lim Goh Eng Holdings Sdn Bhd v. Off-Shore-CPI Supply Sdn Bhd [2019] CLJU 2143; [2020] MLJU 275; [2020] MLRHU 187). Non-compliance with an unless order, by its very nature, triggers the penalty stipulated in the order”
“16. Rujukan selanjutnya kepada keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes YAYASAN KHAZANAH v. DINA IZAZI ZULQAISAR & ORS [2025] CLJU 1674 memutuskan yang berikut: “[15] An unless order is a judicial directive which not only mandates compliance within a prescribed timeframe but also sets out, in express terms, the consequen”
“12. Mahkamah ini merujuk keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes NIK ZAIHASRA ABDULLAH lwn. WONG JEE LEONG & YANG LAIN [2025] CLJU 2004 yang memutuskan yang berikut: “17. Pematuhan arahan pengurusan kes Mahkamah adalah sangat penting bagi membolehkan Mahkamah mendengar dan memutuskan sesuatu tuntutan dengan adil melupus”
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1 DALAM MAHKAMAH SESYEN DI KUALA LUMPUR DALAM WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPUR GUAMAN SIVIL NO.: WA-A52NCVC-1727-03/2025
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LIM WE JIA (NO. K/P: 900821-07-5450)
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LIM WOOI TEE (NO. K/P: 841106-07-5761) …PLAINTIF DAN MENTOR PUBLISHING SDN. BHD. (No. Syarikat: 199801017581 / 473710-T) …DEFENDAN ALASAN PENGHAKIMAN (Kandungan 45 di bawah Aturan 34 Kaedah 2 (3) Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012) A. PENDAHULUAN
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Pada 21 Mac 2025, Plaintif-Plaintif telah memulakan tindakan dengan memfailkan writ saman dan pernyataan tuntutan di dalam tindakan guaman ini terhadap Defendan.
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Pada 11 Julai 2025, Defendan telah memfailkan pernyataan pembelaan dan tuntutan balas mereka terhadap Plaintif-Plaintif.
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Pada 25 Julai 2025, Mahkamah ini telah memberikan arahan pra-bicara (PTCM) yang menghendaki pihak-pihak memfailkan dokumen berkaitan seperti ikatan dokumen, fakta dipersetujui, isu-isu untuk dibicarakan, kronologi kes Plaintif dan Defendan serta senarai saksi sebelum atau pada 8 Oktober 2025. Arahan ini turut disertakan dengan unless order, yang bermaksud kegagalan mana-mana pihak mematuhinya boleh menyebabkan penghakiman diberikan terhadap pihak yang gagal.
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Plaintif-Plaintif selanjutnya pada 9.10.2025, telah memfailkan permohonan ini disebabkan Defendan telah gagal mematuhi arahan mahkamah untuk pemfailkan dokumen-dokumen PTCM serta beberapa arahan pemfailan dalam tempoh masa secara berulang kali, yang menyebabkan Plaintif-Plaintif memohon agar pembelaan Defendan dan tuntutan balas Defendan bertarikh 11.7.2025 dibatalkan dan penghakiman terus dimasukkan memihak kepada Plaintif B. PERMOHONAN PLAINTIF-PLAINTIF DI K.45 5. Permohonan Plaintif-Plaintif di Kandungan 45 ini dibuat di bawah A.34 K.2(3) KKM 2012 dengan alasan-alasan seperti berikut:
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5.1 Mahkamah ini telah memberikan unless order pada 25.7.2025 semasa pengurusan kes secara e-review untuk pematuhan pihak-pihak terhadap arahan-arahan berkenaan pemfailan dokumen pra perbicaraan (PTCM) pada atau sebelum 8.10.2025 yang mana Defendan telah gagal mematuhinya;
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5.2 Peguam Defendan telah hadir pada pengurusan kes tersebut dan mempunyai pengetahuan berkenaan arahan pra bicara tersebut;
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5.3 Plaintif-Plaintif telah mengambil tindakan lanjut dengan memajukan dokumen-dokumen cadangan kepada Defendan pada 8.9.2025 dan surat peringatan juga telah diberikan kepada Defendan pada 22.9.2025 untuk tindakan pemfailan dokumen pra bicara.
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5.4 Namun sehingga 8.10.2025 Defendan telah gagal, enggan dan cuai untuk memberikan maklum balas kepada dokumen-dokumen Plaintif-Plaintif untuk memenuhi arahan PTCM tersebut;
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5.5 Plaintif-plaintif telah memenuhi arahan tersebut dan sehingga pemfailan permohonan ini Defendan masih gagal memfailkan ringkasan kes Defendan dan senarai saksi kes Defendan;
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5.6 Apabila permohonan ini dimasukkan Defendan mendakwa arahan PTCM itu telah ditangguh atas sebab pemfailan permohonan interlokutori di K.32 yang mana ianya adalah sama sekali tidak masuk akal kerana arahan PTCM adalah dari mahkamah dan bukan dari pihak-pihak;
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5.7 Mahkamah ini tidak pada bila-bila masa menangguhkan arahan PTCM tersebut;
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5.8 Ketidakpatuhan Defendan kepada arahan PTCM tersebut bukan terpencil kerana Defendan sering mengabaikan tempoh masa pemfailan dokumen yang ditetapkan oleh Mahkamah ini;
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5.9 Tingkahlaku Defendan mengabaikan arahan PTCM tanpa sebarang justifikasi diberikan;
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5.10 Kegagalan Defendan mematuhi arahan PTCM tersebut membolehkan unless order di bawah Aturan 34 K.2(3) KKM 2012 digunapakai oleh mahkamah ini; dan
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5.11 Pembelaan dan tuntutan balas Defendan boleh dibatalkan dan penghakiman boleh dimasukkan yang memihak Plaintif-Plaintif. C.
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Mahkamah ini merujuk A.34 K.2 (3) KKM 2012 yang memperuntukkan seperti berikut: “2. Pre-trial case management when directed by the Court (O. 34 r. 2)
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The Court, having given directions under rule 2(2) or rule 3 may either on its own motion or upon the application of any party, if any party defaults in complying with any such directions, dismiss such action or proceedings S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ or strike out the defence or counterclaim or enter judgment or make such order as it thinks fit.”
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Kuasa Mahkamah di bawah Aturan 34 Kaedah 2(3) KKM 2012 memberi kuasa kepada Mahkamah untuk:
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7.1 Membatalkan tindakan atau prosiding.
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7.2 Membatalkan pembelaan atau tuntutan balas.
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7.3 Memasukkan penghakiman atau membuat apa-apa perintah yang difikirkan patut jika mana-mana pihak gagal mematuhi arahan pra-bicara yang telah ditetapkan.
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Mahkamah ini merujuk keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes LIM GOH ENG HOLDINGS SDN BHD V OFF-SHORE-CPI SUPPLY SDN BHD [2019] CLJU 2143; [2019] 1 LNS 2143; [2020] MLJU 275, yang telah memutuskan seperti berikut: "[8] An unless order is an order of the Court which requires a person to do something within a fixed time and states the consequences of transgression. There is abundant authority to the effect that an unless order being a pre-emptory order of the Court, must be adhered to and its non-compliance would automatically attract the penalty prescribed in the order. Failure to comply may therefore result in the dismissal of an action or the striking out of the defence. See How Hock Sing @ Low Kim Peng [2015] MLJU 712 and Reiss v Woolf [1952] 2 All ER 112. ….. [16] It bears mention that unless there are good reasons for non-compliance, disobedience of a peremptory order will be considered contumelious conduct justifying a striking out....".
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Selanjutnya di dalam kes KOH HENG JIN V. GAN KOOI ANN [2015] CLJU 1244, Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan yang berikut:- "[40] In our view even though the learned judge did not issue an "unless order", O. 34 r. 2(2) of the ROC (not O. 34 r. 1 as cited by counsel) clearly contemplates that orders and directions issued by the court during pre-trial case management are peremptory in nature as O. 34 r.
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of the ROC confers on the court the power to, inter alia, strike out a party's claim either on its own motion or upon the application of any party, in the event that such party defaults in complying with any order and/or directive issued by the court under the said O. 34 r. 2(2).".
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Berdasarkan kes di hadapan mahkamah ini, amatlah jelas Defendan langsung tidak memohon perlanjutan masa atau memberikan penjelasan yang munasabah atas kegagalan dan/atau kelewatan dan/atau pengabaian pemfailan dokumen-dokumen tersebut dalam tempoh masa yang telah ditetapkan. Plaintif-Plaintif telah mendedahkan dan menjelaskan melalui afidavitnya bahawa Defendan tidak memberikan maklumbalas atas draf-draf PTCM dokumen yang telah dikemukakan sebelum tarikh pemfailan yang ditetapkan.
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Tindakan pengabaian oleh Defendan ini bukan setakat tidak menghormati prosidur dan arahan mahkamah ini malah juga tidak menghormati pihak Plaintif-Plaintif serta tidak mencerminkan sikap professionalisme. Tindakan Defendan ini juga melanggari dan bertentangan dengan Rule 15 Legal Profession (Etiquette and Conduct) Rules 1978 yang memperuntukkan seperti berikut:- "Respect to court. An advocate and solicitor shall maintain a respectful attitude towards the
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Mahkamah ini merujuk keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes NIK ZAIHASRA ABDULLAH lwn. WONG JEE LEONG & YANG LAIN [2025] CLJU 2004 yang memutuskan yang berikut: “17. Pematuhan arahan pengurusan kes Mahkamah adalah sangat penting bagi membolehkan Mahkamah mendengar dan memutuskan sesuatu tuntutan dengan adil melupuskan permohonan ini dengan lancar dan adil dan cepat. …..
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Namun Plaintif gagal bertindak secara cepat (expeditious) untuk memastikan tuntutannya dapat dibicarakan dengan adil. Plaintif gagal memberikan sebarang penjelasan untuk kegagalannya menepati arahan pengurusan kes Mahkamah, Alasan Plaintif bahawa dia masih perlu mendapatkan dokumen bukan alasan yang munasabah kerana kesemua ini dalam kawalan Plaintif.
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Dalam keadaan ini, perintah Mahkamah membatalkan tuntutannya adalah suatu perintah yang wajar dan patut. Mahkamah ini tidak akan membantu seorang litigan yang gagal dan ingkar mematuhi arahan pengurusan kes yang melengah prosiding di Mahkamah tanpa alasan yang munasabah.”
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Dalam kes SYED OMAR BIN SYED MOHAMED V. PERBADANAN NASIONAL BHD [2012] 9 CLJ 557; [2013] 1 MLJ 461; [2013] 1 AMR 1, Zulkefli HB (Malaya) telah memperjelaskan tujuan dan skop A. 34 KM 2012 di mukasurat 468 seperti berikut: "It is to be noted O. 34 was a new addition to the RHC 1980 made in 2000 (see PU(A) 342/2001 ). It was amended again in 2009 (see PU(A) 237/2009 ). It provided for a radical change in approach to the prosecution of a case in court. An early recognition of this new regime under O. 34 where the court takes a proactive role in moving the pace S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ of litigation was made by the Federal Court when His Lordship Mohd Noor Ahmad FCJ observed in obiter in Tan Geok Lan vv. La Kuan @ Lian Kuan [2004] 2 CLJ 301; [2004] 3 MLJ 465 at p 473 at p 312 as follows: The significance of this procedure is that it marks a change from the traditional position under which the progress of cases was left largely in the hands of the parties. Now, under the procedure the court controls the progress of cases by the exercise of its powers given to it to enable it, and not the parties, to dictate the progress of cases at the pre-trial stage, ensuring that the practices and procedures applicable during that stage are complied with promptly and not abused.".
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Selanjutnya mahkamah ini juga merujuk kepada keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes ALLIANZ GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY (MALAYSIA) BHD v. BEST RE (L) LTD [2018] 2 CLJ 431, Khadijah Idris PK memutuskan yang berikut: “[45] The reasons given for not filing the witness statement on 4 April 2016 is simply unacceptable. The defendant's solicitor, although fully aware that they were in breach for not filing the witness statement on 4 April 2017 and served with an application by the plaintiff to have their defence strike out for such breach was content to only file an affidavit resisting the plaintiff's application without taking any step to rectify their breach, at least by filing an application, on urgency basis, to extend the time to file the witness statement. [46] The defendant's conduct under such a situation, and the previous failure to comply with the court directions, to my mind, display a nonchalant attitude of the defendant's solicitor towards the court directions. The court was prepared to allow the defendant space and opportunity when they failed to comply with the directions made on 2 March 2017 and 13 March 2017. Having given the opportunity to redeem itself, the defendant ought to be vigilant in the manner how they manage their case. However, this is not to be. Having considered the defendant's latest breach and their conduct in relation to complying with the direction S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ to file the witness statement, I am constrained to construe such conduct as intentional and contumelious. Such conduct has cast serious doubt on the defendant's sincerity to discharge its duty to assist the court in the expeditious, just and economical disposal of the writ action. [47] At the risk of repetition, whether to invoke O. 34 r. 2(3) of the ROC 2012 is a question of facts. In the instant case, premised on the facts and reasons stated above it is my considered opinion that the defendant has deliberately disregarded the court directions contumeliously and intentionally. As such, I took the stand that it is appropriate for the court to invoke O. 34 r. 2(3) of the ROC 2012. Such order may be drastic but it is crucially necessary to ensure the underlying objective of a robust case management system which does not easily tolerate lax enforcement of case management directions (How Hock Sing v. Lee Say Peng & Ors [2015] 9 CLJ 368). I therefore allowed the plaintiff's application encl. 59 and ordered that judgment be entered in favour of the plaintiff for the sum claimed as stated in the amended statement of claim with interest and costs.”
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Secara ringkasnya, Aturan 34 Kaedah 2 (3) KKM 2012 digunakan sebagai suatu prosedur untuk memastikan pihak-pihak menghormati arahan pengurusan kes Mahkamah dan bagi mengelakkan kelengahan dalam proses keadilan. Mahkamah ini merujuk kepada DIONG HIEW KING @ TIONG HIEW KING v. LAU SWEE NGUONG @ LAU SUI GUANG [2012] CLJU 1086, [2012] 1 LNS 1086, [2014] 8 MLJ 575 yang memutuskan seperti berikut: “Decision of the court in striking out the defendant's Defence on 10 August 2012, during the case management of the plaintiff's action, upon the failure of the defendant to comply with the direction of the court given on 21 June 2012 to file and exchange his witness statement with the witness statements of the plaintiff, the court struck out the defendant's Defence. The court entered judgment on the issue of liability in favour of the plaintiff against the defendant. S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ ….. Being dissatisfied with the said decision the defendant has filed a notice of appeal to the Court of Appeal against the said decision. Below are the reasons why the court made the said decision. The court agreed with and accepted the submissions of the learned counsel for the plaintiff that the failure of the defendant to comply with the direction of the court given on 21 June 2012 constituted an abuse of the process of the court. The reasons are, firstly, it had obstructed the smooth administration of justice by the court in respect of the plaintiff's action. Secondly, it has caused the bona fides of the defendant's Defence to the plaintiff's claim as set out in his Defence to be highly questionable. Thirdly, the court was of the impression that the defendant was not really sincere in defending the plaintiff's claim. The defendant could not show any reason for his non-compliance of the previous direction of the court to file and exchange his witness statement with the learned counsel for the plaintiff on or before 27 July 2012 let alone a good reason. ….. Order 34 of the RC 2012 contains elaborate provisions for pre-trial case management which are in essence similar to Order 34 of the RHC 1980. Rule 1(1) of the Order confers power and discretion on the court to make orders and give directions, at any time after the commencement of proceedings for their just, expeditious and economical disposal. Where any party fails to comply with any order made or direction given by the court under Rule 1(1) of the Order, then rule 1(3) of the Order empowers S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ the court to, inter alia, strike out the defence or make such other order as it thinks fit. Rule 2 of the Order deals with pre-trial case management which is directed by the court. It encompasses a very wide range of matters which the court can consider including the appropriate orders and directions that should be made by the court to secure the just, expeditious and economical disposal of the action or proceedings. In my view this provision applies to the instant case. Rule 2(3) of the Order confers discretion on the court to, inter alia, strike out the defence or enter judgment or make such order as it thinks fit. The rule reads as follows: "(3) The Court, having given directions under rule 2(2) or rule 3 may either on its own motion or upon the application of any party, if any party defaults in complying with any such directions, dismiss such action or proceedings or strike out the defence or counterclaim or enter judgment or make such order as it thinks fit."
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Rujukan selanjutnya kepada keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi di dalam kes YAYASAN KHAZANAH v. DINA IZAZI ZULQAISAR & ORS [2025] CLJU 1674 memutuskan yang berikut: “[15] An unless order is a judicial directive which not only mandates compliance within a prescribed timeframe but also sets out, in express terms, the consequence of failure to comply. (See: Lim Goh Eng Holdings Sdn Bhd v. Off-Shore-CPI Supply Sdn Bhd [2019] CLJU 2143; [2020] MLJU 275; [2020] MLRHU 187). Non-compliance with an unless order, by its very nature, triggers the penalty stipulated in the order without the need for further action or application by the opposing party.” S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ
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KEGAGALAN DEFENDAN MEMATUHI ARAHAN PEMFAILAN BAGI K.45 Bagi permohonan Plaintif di kandungan 45 ini, mahkamah ini telah pada 9.10.2025 memberikan arahan untuk pihak-pihak mengambil tindakan seperti berikut namun Defendan gagal dan/abai mematuhinya dan sehingga keputusan ini diberikan tiada penjelasan mengenai kegagalan dan/atau pengabaian arahan-arahan tersebut: i. Defendan untuk failkan afidavit jawapan pada atau sebelum 23.10.25. ii. Plaintif untuk failkan afidavit balasan pada atau sebelum 6.11.2025. iii. Hujahan pihak-pihak serentak difailkan pada atau sebelum 20.11.25 iv. Hujahan balas pihak-pihak serentak difailkan pada atau sebelum 27.11.25. v. Keputusan kandungan 45 secara e-review pada 16.12.2025.
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Defendan gagal menyangkal, menafikan atau menentang permohonan ini. Memandangkan Defendan tidak memfailkan sebarang afidavit jawapan untuk menentang permohonan Plaintif-Plaintif, prinsip daripada kes NG HEE THONG & ANOR V. PUBLIC BANK BERHAD [1995] 1 CLJ 609, terpakai di mana apabila satu pihak membuat pernyataan positif ke atas isu material dan pihak lawan gagal menyangkalnya, kegagalan itu biasanya dianggap sebagai satu pengakuan (admission) ke atas fakta yang dinyatakan. Dalam kes ini, kegagalan Defendan memfailkan afidavit bermakna Defendan dianggap mengakui bahawa ketidakpatuhan Defendan adalah secara sengaja dan tanpa alasan yang sah.
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DAPATAN MAHKAMAH Berdasarkan rekod mahkamah ini adalah di dapati, arahan pemfailan dokumen PTCM telah diberikan semasa pengurusan kes secara e-review pada 25 Julai 2025 dengan secara jelas menyatakan “unless order” bahawa S/N 68ELgaEP0qq3xoftfByNQ kegagalan mematuhi arahan pemfailan dokumen pra-bicara boleh menyebabkan penghakiman ingkar diberikan atau tindakan dibatalkan, bergantung kepada pihak mana yang gagal mematuhi arahan tersebut.
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Defendan malah gagal mematuhi arahan pemfailan dafidavit dan hujahan bagi permohonan Plaintif-Plaintif di K.45 ini, mengikut tempoh masa yang telah diberikan. Hanya pada 16.12.2025 yang telah ditetapkan untuk keputusan K.45, Defendan memfailkan affidavit jawapannya tanpa kebenaran lanjutan masa dari mahkamah ini.
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Mahkamah ini mengenepikan affidavit jawapan Defendan yang lewat difailkan dan tanpa kebenaran serta sikap Defendan yang jelas menunjukkan keingkaran dan tidak menghormati arahan-arahan mahkamah ini dalam tempoh masa yang telah diberikan.
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Pelanggaran 'unless order' ini memberi asas kepada Plaintif untuk memohon agar mahkamah terus memasukkan penghakiman memihak kepada mereka tanpa perlu melalui perbicaraan penuh. Ini termasuk tuntutan deklarasi bahawa surat permohonan syer adalah batal dan bayaran gantirugi khas sebanyak RM150,000.00 secara keseluruhan.
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Di bawah prinsip undang-undang 'unless order' yang jelas dan gagal dipatuhi sepenuhnya akan menarik penalti yang ditetapkan secara automatik, melainkan pihak yang gagal dapat memberikan alasan yang munasabah mengapa pelanggaran itu tidak disengajakan. Dalam kes ini, Defendan diperhatikan tidak memohon sebarang perlanjutan masa dan tidak memfailkan sebarang afidavit untuk menjelaskan kegagalan mereka.
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Mahkamah ini telah mengenepikan affidavit jawapan Defendan yang lewat difailkan dan tanpa kebenaran dan keingkaran menghormati arahan-arahan tempoh masa yang telah diberikan oleh mahkamah ini.
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Oleh itu, atas kegagalan dan pengabaian Defendan tersebut, permohonan Plaintif-Plaintif di kandungan 45 dibenarkan dengan kos RM3,000.00 dibayar oleh Defendan kepada Plaintif-Plaintif. Bertarikh pada: 25 March 2026 ……..….. Fatimah ………... [SITI FATIMAH BINTI TALIB] HAKIM MAHKAMAH SESYEN SIVIL 11 KUALA LUMPUR Peguamcara Plaintif : Patrick Peck Tetuan Aizat, Josh & Peck Peguamcara Defendan :
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