(iii) pegawai awam, perundangan, kehakiman dan eksekutif, sama ada bagi Persekutuan atau Negeri atau bagi mana-mana bahagian lain Komanwel atau bagi sesuatu negara asing; [16] Mahkamah ini turut merujuk dapatan Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Anthony Gomez V Ketua Polis Daerah Kuantan [1977] 2 MLJ 24 [TAB 4, IAP] seperti berikut:- There appears at page 128 of Mallal's Criminal Procedure Code (3rd Edition) the following comment: ‘ Police Report is a Public Document. — A report to Police is a public document within the meaning of section 74 of the Evidence Ordinance as it is a record of the act of a police officer …’ [17] SP1 selaku Pegawai Penyiasat (IO) telah hadir memberi keterangan dan mengesahkan Laporan Polis Plaintif dan berdasarkan Keputusan Penyiasatan Kes dalam kertas siasatan (IP), pihak yang bersalah dalam kemalangan tersebut adalah Defendan Kedua. [18] Keterangan Pegawai Penyiasat (SP1) di Mahkamah adalah seperti berikut:- Soalan 12 Pernyataan Saksi (P1) S: Berdasarkan hasil siasatan Puan, apakah punca kemalangan tersebut? J: Punca kemalangan tersebut berlaku atas kecuaian Pemandu Motokar No. JVG 44 yang melanggar bahagian belakang Motokar No. WHW 4770. Pemandu Motokar No. VJG 44 merupakan Defendan dalam kes ini iaitu Lim Kian Hoong. Soalan 13 Pernyataan Saksi (P1) S: Sila rujuk kepada muka surat 11 Ikatan Dokumen Bersama, adakah ini Keputusan Penyiasatan Kes? J: Ya. Pihak yang didapati bersalah dalam kes ini adalah Defendan iaitu pemandu kenderaan JVG 44. c. Defendan tidak kemukakan sebarang bukti dan saksi semasa bicara di Mahkamah justeru menimbulkan [19] Selepas kes Plaintif telah terbukti, Seksyen 114 (g) Akta Keterangan 1950 adalah terpakai ke atas Defendan. Seksyen 114 (g) Akta Keterangan 1950 memperuntukkan seperti berikut: 114(g) Adverse Inference “The Court may presume – that evidence which could be and is not produced would if produced be unfavourable to the person who withholds it.” [20] Defendan telah memilih untuk plea of no case semasa bicara dan Defendan tidak memfailkan penyata saksi dan tidak memanggil saksi. Keterangan yang dikemukakan oleh Plaintif-plaintif mestilah dianggap benar. [21] Mahkamah merujuk kes Superintendent of Lands And Surveys Department Sibu Division & Anor v Usang Ak Labit & Ors And Another Appeal [2014] 3 MLJ 519 [TAB 6, IAP] di mana Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan seperti berikut: “ It is trite that denials and putting the plaintiff to strict proof does not change the standard of proof required in civil cases, which remains as upon a balance of probabilities and is upon the party who relies on that fact to succeed (ss 101, 102 and 103 of the Evidence Act). An assertion that is inherently improbable contributes nothing to the balance. But any evidence that is admitted into evidence, however little it may be, adds to the balance, and if thereis no evidence adduced to contradict and outweigh it, it is accepted that he has discharged the burden of proof that is upon him. The key word in the phrase 'balance of probabilities' is not the word ‘probabilities’, but the word ‘balance’.This explains the principle of the shifting of the balance, that once a plaintiff has adduced some evidence that is not incredible, the burden shifts to the other party to adduce evidence to contradict it.He needs to adduce only sufficient evidence to outweigh the evidence adduced by the plaintiff'. ” But if he fails to do so, then the balance of probabilities is in favour of the plaintiff" [22] Rujukan juga dibuat kepada kes Siven Subramaniam v. Lim Hai Chie [2017] 1 LNS 1384 [Tab 7, IAP]:- “[33] Where the plaintiffs evidence is presumed to be true in a situation where the defendant elects not to call any evidence,it follows that full weight must be given to that evidence. In the case of Nur Islam Bui Rahmatullah & Anor. v. Personal Representative of Lim Eng Hock, Deceased [2017] 1 LNS 572; [2017] MLJU 571 HC;, the High Court also observed that - "In other words, the effect of a plea of no case to answer is that all the evidence adduced by the plaintiff is presumed as true unless the evidence adduced is inadmissible as a matter of law. Otherwise, full weightage has to be accorded to the evidence led by the plaintff." [23] Justeru, kegagalan Defendan untuk mengemukakan sebarang keterangan untuk menyangkal keterangan Plaintif bermaksud Defendan telah mengakui keterangan-keterangan yang dikemukakan oleh saksi-saksi pihak Plaintif selain fakta bahawa hasil siasatan kes oleh Pegawai Penyiasat (SP1) juga telah keluarkan saman terhadap Defendan Kedua atas kesalahan melanggar belakang motorkar Plaintif sepertimana ekshibit P2. [24] Kesimpulannya bagi isu liabiliti, Defendan Kedua adalah bertanggungan 100% dalam kemalangan yang berlaku dan Plaintif-Plaintif berjaya membuktikan atas imbangan kebarangkalian berkenaan tuntutannya di Mahkamah ini terhadap Defendan-Defendan.