Suatu permohonan minta kebenaran di bawah kaedah ini hendaklah dibuat melalui suatu notis permohonan.” [7] Pemakaian Aturan 21 kaedah 2 KKM 2012 dan budi bicara mahkamah dalam menggunakannya telah dijelaskan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Majlis Peguam Malaysia & Ors v Raja Segaran a/l S Krishnan [2002] 3 MLJ 155. “What comes across clearly from the authorities that they have referred to is the fact that a judge exercising his power under O 21 r 3 which permits discontinuance has a wide discretion. But it is not an unprincipled discretion. There are important guidelines that act as beacons, guiding him through those blurred areas of which we spoke a moment ago. One of these guidelines is that if a defendant is dominus litis, the general rule is to refuse leave to discontinue. See Overseas Union Finance Ltd v Lim Joo Chong [1971] 2 MLJ 124. Another guideline is that where the case is at a very advanced stage, care should be taken not to permit discontinuance. And what constitutes an advanced stage depends on the facts and circumstances of each case as illustrated by the case of Fox v Star Newspaper Company [1898] 1 QB 636. Another consideration; yet another guideline; which a judge ought to bear in mind is any interim or interlocutory advantage that the plaintiff may have gained between the date of issue of the writ and the point of time which he seeks to discontinue: O'Neal v Mann [2000] FCA 1680. The upshot is that it all depends on the facts and circumstances of each case bearing in mind that one ought not to depart from the outer parameters established by the guidelines to which we have referred.” [8] Mahkamah berpendapat penarikan balik tidak menjadi isu dalam kes ini. Apa yang lebih penting ialah sama ada kos perlu diberikan kepada Defendan-Defendan di atas tindakan untuk menarik balik tindakan kepada Defendan-Defendan. Ada penarikan balik kes dengan persetujuan pihak Plaintif dan Defendan dan terdapat juga keadaan penarikan kes apabila ia tidak dipersetujui oleh Defendan. [9] Dalam kes ini mahkamah mendapati bahawa tiada sebarang penzahiran hasrat Defendan-Defendan untuk membantah permohonan penarikan balik kes ini. Apa yang menjadi isu ialah sama ada penarikan ini boleh dibuat oleh Plaintif-Plaintif tanpa Plaintif-Plaintif dikenakan sebarang kos. Oleh itu di awal penghakiman ini telah disenaraikan kronologi kes ini sehingga kepada keputusan untuk menarik tindakan ini dibuat oleh Plaintif-plaintif. Ia dapat menggambarkan apakah yang telah dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak sebelum sampai kepada keputusan untuk menarik balik kes ini oleh Plaintif-plaintif. [10] Dalam hal ini mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Stratford (J T) & Son Ltd v Lindley (No 2) [1969] 3 All ER 1122 di mana Lord Denning telah memberikan garis panduan yang menarik mengenai apakah pertimbangan yang perlu dibuat semasa memberikan perintah kos dalam penarikan balik sesuatu tindakan. Semasa memberikan tafsiran kepada Ord 21 r 3 (1) RSC, Lord Denning menyatakan seperti berikut: “The defendants say that, if the plaintiffs do not go on with the action, it ought to be dismissed with costs; and this will include all the “costs in the cause”, so the plaintiffs will have to pay them all. On the other hand, the plaintiffs seek leave to discontinue under RSC, Ord 21, r 3(1), which provides that: “… a party may not discontinue an action … without leave of the Court, and the Court … may order the action … to be discontinued … on such terms as to costs, the bringing of a subsequent action or otherwise as it thinks just.” If the plaintiffs were only permitted to discontinue on terms of paying the defendants' costs, these would no doubt include the “costs of the cause”. But the plaintiffs say that they should be permitted to discontinue on the terms that the defendants should pay the plaintiffs' costs, or at any rate that each side should pay its own costs. The plain fact is that, when the House of Lords made the order for “costs in the cause”, they anticipated that the case would go to trial for adjudication on the merits. It was a case that was finely balanced. A slight turn in the evidence might make all the difference. So the House thought it right to make the costs of the interlocutory proceedings depend on who won or lost in the main action. But a situation has arisen which they never envisaged. Counsel for the plaintiffs has urged us to award the plaintiffs the costs because they would very probably have won in the action had been tried on its merits. I decline to go into that question. We cannot try the action at this stage. I put aside the respective merits of the dispute. I ask simply: what is to be done in a situation which the House of Lords did not envisage? I think that we should not dismiss the action under RSC, Ord 25, r 1(5), for want of prosecution. I think that the court should give the plaintiffs leave under RSC, Ord 21, r 3(1), to discontinue. That rule gives the court a wide discretion as to costs. It covers the costs which have been ordered to be “costs in the cause”. In the new situation, we should deal with the costs as if they had been “costs reserved”. Finding that neither side wishes to go on with this action, I think that the master and the judge exercised their discretion wisely in giving leave to discontinue on the footing that each side is to bear its own costs, including costs in the cause. The order should be that the action be discontinued, each side paying its own costs, including the costs in the cause. I would dismiss the appeals.” [11] Dalam kes Raja Segaran a/l S Krishnan v Bar Council Malaysia & 2 Ors (No 4) [2001] 4 AMR 3999 Mahkamah Tinggi telah menyamakan notis tidak meneruskan sesuatu tindakan seperti dalam kes ini adalah serupa dengan kekalahan atau pengakuan kekalahan dan menyatakan seperti berikut: “Now in most cases of discontinuance, that may well be just, because in most cases of discontinuance, discontinuance equals defeat, effectively, or the acknowledgement of a defeat or a likely defeat. But it is equally possible, and the plaintiffs assert it to be the situation in this case, that discontinuance reflects not defeat so much as that the matter has now become academic save for the question of costs.” [12] Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa penentuan sama ada kos diberikan bagi kes penarikan suatu tindakan adalah perlu dilihat kepada kerja-kerja yang telah dilakukan dalam prosiding tersebut. Ini bermakna sekiranya penarikan balik kes dibuat di awal prosiding tanpa dokumen difailkan atau permohonan dikemukakan maka berkemungkinan perintah yang diberikan ialah pihak-pihak menanggung kos sendiri atau kos dalam kausa. [13] Pengiktirafan kepada kerja-kerja yang dilakukan itu sebagai asas kepada penentuan kos kepada pihak lawan telah dijelaskan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Lily Rossel a/p Sebastian v Puspham a/p Subramaniam & Anor [2007] 4 MLJ 197 seperti berikut: “[10] The works in opposing the motion and the appeal had been carried out by both the respondents. For that purpose they had filed their respective affidavits in reply and written submissions. Since there had been no grounds which would induce the court to deprive them of their costs, the court was of the view that the respondents were entitled to costs upon the withdrawal of the two matters.” Kes di atas adalah melibatkan penarikan rayuan. [14] Dalam kes ini mahkamah berpendapat sebelum keputusan Plaintif-Plaintif untuk menarik balik tindakan ini sudah ada beberapa permohonan yang dibuat seperti yang dinyatakan dalam perenggan 1, 2, 3 dan 4 di atas. Mahkamah berpendapat ianya perlu diambil kira dalam menentukan kos yang sewajarnya kepada Defendan-Defendan. Adalah didapati bahawa dengan tindakan Plaintif-plaintif memfailkan tindakan terhadap Defendan-Defendan telah menyebabkan Defendan-defendan perlu mempertahankan kesnya dengan mengambil tindakan yang sewajarnya dengan memfailkan beberapa permohonan. Sekiranya Plaintif-plaintif tidak memfailkan tindakan ini maka sudah pasti Defendan-defendan tidak perlu mengambil tindakan memfailkan permohonan-permohonan, menyediakan pembelaan dan affidavit-affidavit yang berkaitan. Oleh itu ia mewajarkan kos kepada Defendan-Defendan bagi permohonan penarikan balik tindakan ini oleh Plaintif-Plaintif. [15] Mahkamah berpendapat dalam kes ini penarikan balik oleh Plaintif-Plaintif perlu dibenarkan tanpa kebebasan memfailkan tindakan ini berdasarkan kepada fakta dan pihak yang sama dengan kos. Penelitian kepada kertas-kertas kausa dan permohonan-permohonan yang dibuat oleh Defendan-Defendan maka mahkamah ini berpendapat kos yang wajar diberikan kepada Defendan-Defendan ialah RM10,0000.00 tertakluk kepada fi alokator. Bertarikh: 14hb. September 2023 (ROSLAN MAT NOR) HAKIM MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA TEMERLOH, PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR PIHAK-PIHAK: Bagi Pihak Plaintif-Plaintif Harneshpal Singh Tetuan Lui & Bhullar Kuala Lumpur Bagi Pihak Defendan-Defendan Keshvinjeet Singh Tetuan Gunaseelan & Associates Kuala Lumpur