The Special Commissioner shall include such number of persons with judicial or other legal experience (that is to say, experience as an advocate, as a member of the judicial and legal service as as the holder of an office to which the Judges Remuneration Act 197 [Act 45], applies) as may be necessary for the purposes of paragraph1 of Schedule 5; and, if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong considers it expedient to do so, he may appoint from amongst those persons a Chairman ans such number of Deputy Chairman of the Special Commissioners”. Mahkamah ini juga berpendapat bahawa Parlimen mempunyai niatnya bagi penyelesaian dalaman bagi kes-kes percukaian Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri boleh dibuat dengan memberi kuasa kepada PKCP melalui peruntukan s.99 ACP 1967 tersebut. Melalui kes-kes yang diputuskan, peruntukan s.99 ACP 1967 ini hanya boleh dilangkaui sekiranya berlaku keadaan yang sangat luar biasa. 21 [31] Mahkamah merujuk kepada keputusan kes Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri v Alcatel-Lucent Malaysia Sdn Bhd & Anor [2017] 1 MLJ, 563, FC, YA Hakim Suriyadi Halim Omar HMP dalam penghakimannya telah memutuskan isu pemakaian s.99 ACP 1967 dan menyatakan seperti berikut; “[58] To dispel any fear of a taxpayer, merely because he has to face such an awesome body in the form of the government, Gill FJ in Sun Man Tobacco Co v Government of Malaysia [1973] 2 MLJ 163 had occasion to state: The doors of justice are not shut to him merely because its claimant is the Government, but he has to enter the doors of the Special Commissioners first to raise the plea of non-observance of the principle of natural justice or to establish that the Director-General acted arbitrarily and in a non-judicial manner. It is only after he has availed himself of that remedy as laid down by the law that he has a right to come to the courts. (Emphasis added.) [59] The respondents when asked about the failure to appeal, replied that the issue of withholding tax is not an assessment, hence the irrelevancy of s 99 in this appeal. We will discuss the issue of ‘assessment’ later (see paras 72–75). [60] Had the respondents filed an appeal before the Special Commissioners, where the onus is on the respondents to establish their position, they will be accorded every opportunity to show where the appellant went wrong. The respondents may request for the attendance of witnesses to give evidence on oath and request any witness to produce any books, papers or documents which is in his custody or his control necessary for purposes of the appeal. Therefore, before the Special Commissioners the respondents will have all the opportunity to ventilate his disgruntlement, with every opportunity to undo what the appellant 22 determined (see Director-General of Inland Revenue v Lahad Datu Timber Sdn Bhd [1978] 1 MLJ 203). [61] At the completion of the hearing of the appeal, the Special Commissioners shall give their decision in the form of an order known as a deciding order, and which in certain circumstances may be final. Either party to the proceedings before the Special Commissioners may appeal on a question of law against a deciding order, or may request the Special Commissioners to state a case (generally known as case stated) for the opinion of the High Court. Any dissatisfied party may appeal only up to the Court of Appeal (Tio Chee Hing v United Overseas Bank (M) Bhd [2013] 3 MLJ 212; [2013] 2 CLJ 910; Koperasi Jimat Cermat dan Pinjaman Keretapi Bhd (now known as Koperasi Keretapi Bhd) v Kumar a/l Gurusamy [2011] 2 MLJ 433; [2011] 3 CLJ 241; Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri v Syarikat Jasa Bumi (Woods) Sdn Bhd (Civil Application No 08–31of 1999(S)) (unreported)). [62] By filing an appeal before the Special Commissioners the respondents would have had that opportunity to challenge the decision of the appellant as to whether the payments were indeed royalty. Likewise the respondents would have had the chance to rebut s 15A of the ITA. Section 15A provides that certain income, including the likes of services rendered by the second respondent to the first respondent, shall be deemed to be derived from Malaysia. [64] At the risk of repeating, as there was no appeal to the Special Commissioners, this court has no option but to accept certain facts and conclusions as not reversible (fait accompli). We cannot alter the view that the payments made by the first respondent are royalty payments and now be heard to complain, bearing in mind that they have failed to avail themselves, to echo Gill FJ, ‘of that remedy as laid down by the law’ before coming to the courts.” [79] A view held by Wan Hamzah J in Government of Malaysia v P Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd (1950-1985) MSTC 426, and of which we approve, had occasion to 23 opine that s 99 refers to ‘assessment’ generally and not specifically to ‘assessment to tax’. It is established law that papers or notices of assessments sent out by the appellants to taxpayers are not assessments. An assessment is the official administrative act of the appellant who determines the amount of tax to be paid by a taxpayer, after having taken into account all the relevant circumstances. Notices of assessments will be sent out only after the ascertainment is complete. In The King v Deputy Federal Commissioner of Taxation (SA), ex parte Hooper [1926] 37 CLR 368 at p 373 Isaacs J said: An assessment is not a piece of paper; it is an official act or operation; it is the Commissioner’s ascertainment, on consideration of all relevant circumstances, including sometimes his own opinion, of the amount of tax chargeable to a given taxpayer. When he has completed his ascertainment of the amount, he sends by post a notification thereof called ‘a notice of assessment’ … But neither the paper sent nor the notification it gives is the ‘assessment’. That is and remains the act or operation of the Commissioner [80] The above view was cited with approval by Buttrose J in ABC v The Comptroller of Income Tax, Singapore [1959] 1 MLJ 162 at p 165 when he said: The assessment itself is the administrative act of the Comptroller and determines the quantum of the tax … [81] The relevant question that must follow is, did the appellant make an assessment ie carry out an official administrative act, when he ordered the first respondent to make payments of the withholding tax? Without a doubt the answer is in the affirmative. That being so, with the imposition of the withholding tax being an assessment, it is thus subject to appeal to the Special Commissioners under s 99. [32] Prinsip yang sama juga telah diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Iskandar Coast Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam 24 Negeri Civil Appeal No.W-01(A)-392-11-2017, CA yang menyatakan seperti berikut; “[22] There is nothing exceptional about the appellant’s case to entitle to by-pass the domestic appeal process prescribed by section 99 of the ITA. Nor could we find “very exceptional circumstances”, in the sense that there was a clear lack of jurisdiction, or ablatant failure to perform some statutory duty, or a serious breach of the principles of natural justice that the respondent can be said to be guilty of when he issued the Notices of Assessment. [23] The dispute was over the decision of the respondent to issue the Notices of Assessment for the years of assessment 2008, 2009 and 2013, for which the appellant’s remedy lies in appealing to the Special Commissioners in accordance with section 99 of the ITA. That would be the proper avenue for the appellant to challenge the decision of the respondent: Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri v Alcatel-Lucent (M) Sdn BHd 7 Anor [2017] 2 CLJ; [2017] 1 MLJ 563. [24] This court’s decision in Ta Wu Realty Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri & Anor [2008] 6 CLJ 235 is also relevant where it was held any question pertaining to the merits of the assessment made by the Director General of Inland Revenue is a matter that is better reserved for the Special Commissioners or a matter to be transmitted to the High Court by way of case stated. At paragraph [6] of the judgment this is iwhat the court said: [6] Before the Special Commissioners a tawpayer, in this case the appellant, will have all the opportunity to ventilate his disgruntlement, with every opportunity to tender exhibits, and give oral evidence if necessary (Director-General of Inland Revenue v Lahad Datu Timber Sdn Bhd [1978] 1 MLJ 203). If the taxpayer is successful, the tax so paid will be refunded in full. A taxpayer has an additional safeguard in that in the event a dispute on question of law is identified it may be transmitted to the High Court by way of atated”. 25 [33] Mahkamah merujuk kepada perenggan 3 Notis Taksiran Tahun Taksiran 2007 bertarikh 26.6.2019 ekshibit “LMS-1” Afidavit Sokongan Pemohon (KM2) yang diperturunkan semula seperti berikut; “3. Jika tuan tidak berpuashati dengan taksiran ini, tuan boleh merayu terhadapnya dalam borang yang ditetapkan dalam had tempoh yang dinyatakan di muka sebelah. Walau bagaimanapun, cukai tambahan kena dibayar itu mestilah juga dibayar.” Oleh kerana tiada rayuan kepada Pesuruhjaya Khas dibuat oleh Pemohon, maka segala fakta dan keputusan yang dibuat oleh Responden kekal tanpa disangkal oleh Pemohon. Ini juga bermakna fakta-fakta dan kesimpulan tertentu tidak boleh diakaskan dan Mahkamah ini tidak boleh menilai merit perkara ini yang sepatutnya diselesaikan oleh Pesuruhjaya Khas. [34] Responden diberi kuasa untuk mengambil apa-apa tindakan sebagaimana diperuntukan di bawah ACP 1967. Responden diberi kuasa di bawah s.91(1) ACP 1967 untuk membangkitkan sebarang cukai taksiran dan cukai taksiran tambahan. Responden juga berkuasa untuk mengeluarkan apa-apa notis taksiran sepertimana yang diperuntukan di bawah seksyen 96(1) ACP 1967. Tindakan Responden mengeluarkan Notis Taksiran Tahun Taksiran 2007 adalah selaras dengan s.96(1) ACP