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1 DI DALAM MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET DI IPOH DALAM NEGERI PERAK NO. KES: AA-82D-11-12/2020 ANTARA
AA-82D-11-12/2020
Magistrates Court of Malaysia22 Jan 2025
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“old they are perfectly entitled to do even though they are being tried under the Emergency Regulations) the question is can they be convicted of the offence of section 302 read with section 34 of the Penal Code? My answer to the question is in the negative.' We are confident in the view we have just expressed because w”
“ossession in law has been established by a long line of cases. We find it unnecessary to discuss all of them here. Suffice that we refer to two of them. In Toh Ah Loh & Mak Thim v. R [1948] 1 LNS 72; [1949] MLJ 54, Gordon-Smith Ag CJ when delivering judgment of the Singapore Court of Appeal explained the meaning in law”
“5.7 Berhubung dengan initipati kedua, mengenai maksud “milikan”, Thomson J dalam kes Chan Pean Leon v. Public Prosecutor [1956] 1 LNS 17; [1956] MLJ 237, telah menyatakan seperti yang berikut: “possession” for the purposes of criminal law involves possession itself — which some authorities term “custody' or control” —”
“(iv) after defence is called, the accused elects to give evidence, then go through the steps set out in Mat v. Public Prosecutor [1963] 1 LNS 82; [1963] MLJ 263."”
“5.1 Mahkamah dalam menjawab isu pertama telah merujuk keputusan Makamah Rayuan dalam kes Gunalan a/l Ramachandran & Ors v. PP [2004] MLJ 4 MLJ 489 / [2004] 4 CLJ 551, di mana telah dinyatakan dalam kes ini bahawa tempoh penting dalam rantaian keterangan barang kes dadah adalah dari masa ia dirampas sehingga ia dianalis”
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1 DI DALAM MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET DI IPOH DALAM NEGERI PERAK NO. KES: AA-82D-11-12/2020 ANTARA
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ZULKEFLI BIN MD SAB MOHD ALLIF BIN ALIAS DI HADAPAN MAJISTRET SITI NORA BINTI SHARIF ALASAN PENGHAKIMAN (Di akhir kes Pendakwaan)
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PENDAHULUAN Tertuduh-tertuduh telah dituduh melakukan suatu kesalahan di bawah dua (2) pertuduhan. Pertuduhan terhadap Tertuduh-tertuduh adalah seperti yang berikut: “Pertuduhan Pindaan Pertama Bahasa kamu bersama-sama pada 27/11/2020 jam lebih kurang 1.35 pagi di rumah T2-01, Kem Pasukan Gerakan Am, Ulu Kinta Perak dalam Daerah Kinta dalam Negeri Perak, dapati berada dalam milikan kamu sejumlah 40.20 liter isipadu cecair mengandungi racun mitragynine, oleh yang demikian, kamu telah melakukan kesalahan di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 and boleh dihukum di bawah seksyen 30(5) Akta yang sama dan dibaca bersama seksyen 34 Kanun Keseksaan. Pertuduhan Pindaan Kedua Bahasa kamu Bersama-sama pada 27/11/2020 jam lebih kurang 1.35 pagi di rumah T2-01, Kem Pasukan Gerakan Am, Ulu Kinta Perak dalam Daerah Kinta dalam Negeri Perak, dapati berada dalam milikan kamu sejumlah 2280 gram racun mitragynine, oleh yang demikian, kamu telah melakukan kesalahan di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 and boleh dihukum di bawah seksyen 30(5) Akta yang sama dan dibaca bersama seksyen 34 Kanun Keseksaan. Hukuman Jika disabitkan kesalahan boleh dihukum dengan dendan tidak lebih daripada sepuluh ribu ringgit atau dikenakan hukuman penjara selama tempoh tidak lebih daripada empat tahun atau kedua-duanya sekali”.
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2.1 Pihak pendakwaan dalam kes ini telah memanggil seramai enam orang saksi pendakwaan (“SP”) untuk memberi keterangan: SP1 : Ahmad Huzairi Bin Abu Bakar (Jurufoto) SP2 : Muhammad Abdul Faiz Bin Zainuddin (Pegawai Kimia) SP3 : Mohd Anuar Bin Ibrahim (Pegawai Tangkapan) SP4 : Md Shazni Bin Md Sharif (Pegawai Kem Komanden) SP5 : Asfalaily Binti Ahmad Shafii (Pegawai Penyiasat Warisan) SP6 : Izwan Bin Ibrahim (Pegawai Penyiasat Asal)
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2.2 Sebanyak 42 Eksibit telah dikemukakan oleh Pendakwaan semasa perbicaraan. Eksibit-eksibit tersebut adalah seperti berikut:- Bil. Eksibit Tandaan 1. 11 Keping Gambar Tempat Kejadian
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19 Keping Gambar Barang Kes
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1 Keping DVD-R
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Sijil Perakuan Di Bawah Sek.90 A Akta Keterangan 1950
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Penyata Saksi Sp2
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Resit Kimia Bertarikh 04/12/2020
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Tong Plastik Hijau
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Paket Plastik Kimia Bertanda “IZ1(I)”
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Paket Plastik Kimia Bertanda “IZ1(Ii)”
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Kandungan Baki Cecair
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30 Bungkusan Plastik
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Periuk Dan Penutup Bertanda “IZ2”
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Paket Plastik Kimia Bertanda “IZ2(I)”
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Kandungan Baki Ceair
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Paket Plastik Kimia Bertanda “IZ2(Ii)”
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37 Bungkusan Plastic
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Kotak Polisterine Bertanda “IZ3”
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Plastik Hitam Bertanda IIII
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Baki Hasil Analisa Bahan Tumbuhan
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Laporan Kimia Bertarikh 18/03/2021
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Laporan Polis Tg Rambutan 2428/2020
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Borang Bongkar
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Borang Serah Menyerah
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1 Periuk Aluminium Bertangkai Tandaan “N69”
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1 Penapis Air Bertanda “AN70A”
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1 Penapis Air Bertanda “AN70B”
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1 Penapis Air Bertanda “AN70c”
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1 Gayung Plastic Warna Biru Bertanda “AN71”
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1 Penapis Air Bertanda “AN72”
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1 Corong Besi Aluminium Bertanda “AN73”
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1 Dapur Gas Masak Bertanda “AN74”
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1 Tong Gas Petronas Bertanda “AN75”
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1 Bekas Plastic Warna Merah
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Sesalina Surat Bertarikh Okt 2017
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Sesalinan Memo Bertarikh 25/10/2017
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Sesalinan Surat Kelulusan Bertarikh 30/10/2017
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Sesalinan Perjanjian Mendududki Kuarters – 30/11/2020
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Surat Permohonan Lembaga Air Perak P37 Surat Dari Lembaga Air Perak
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Penyata Saksi SP2
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Rajah Kasar
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Kunci Rajah Kasar
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2.3 Berdasarkan keterangan saksi-saksi pendakwaan di hadapan mahkamah, fakta kes telah menunjukkan keterangan bahawa pada 26.11.2020 jam lebih kurang 1.35 pagi, SP3 dalam pemeriksaan utama telah menyatakan baawa satu taklimat telah diberikan lebih kurang 10.00 malam di R&R Ipoh mengenai aktiviti memproses dan menjual air ketum di T2-01, Kem Pasukan Gerakan Am, Ulu Kinta dalam Dareah Kinta, di dalam Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan.
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2.4 Semasa SP3 bersama anggota serbuannya membuat serbuan di tempat kejadian, dikatakan pintu hadapan terbuka dan SP3 nampak Tertuduh-Tertuduh di bahagian dapur bersama-sama barang kes dan reaksi mereka dalam keadaan terkejut. Tertuduh-Tertuduh semasa kejadian sedang duduk di hadapan periuk yang mengandungi bungkusan-bungkusan dipercayai mengandungi air ketum (mitragynine).
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2.5 SP3 kemudiannya telah merampas kesemua barang kes berkaitan dan menangkap kedua-dua Tertuduh.
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2.6 SP3 telah mengeluarkan 1 laporan polis sepertimana P20 dan sesalinan Borang Bongkar P21 yang menyatakan keadaan bagaimana barang kes dijumpai.
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2.7 Seterusnya SP3 telah membawa balik lelaki Melayu tersebut ke Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Narkotik, IPK Perak.
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2.8 SP2 Pegawai ahli kimia dari ke Jabatan Kimia Malaysia yang menerima barang kes untuk dianalisa telah menjalankan analisa terhadap barang kes dan mengesahkan barang kes yang dirampas mengandungi Mitragynine-seperti mana Eksibit p19 – Laporan Kimia.
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2.9 Tertuduh-Tertuduh kemudiannya telah dituduh di mahkamah kerana melakukan kesalahan di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 and boleh dihukum di bawah seksyen 30(5) Akta yang sama dan dibaca bersama seksyen 34 Kanun Keseksaan.
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3.1 Seksyen 173(f) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (“KTJ”) telah memperuntukkan berkenaan tugas mahkamah di akhir kes pihak pendakwaan (at the close of prosecution). Mahkamah hendaklah memutuskan sama ada pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya untuk mengemukakan suatu kes prima facie terhadap Tertuduh atas pertuduhan terhadapnya atau tidak sebelum membuat apa-apa keputusan untuk memanggil Tertuduh membela diri atas pertuduhan terhadapnya atau melepaskan dan membebaskan Tertuduh tanpa memanggil Tertuduh untuk membela diri.
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3.2 Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Public Prosecutor v. Mohd Radzi Abu Bakar [2006] 1 CLJ 457 telah menggariskan panduan kepada Mahkamah bekenaan tugas mahkamah di akhir kes pendakwaan di mana Gopal Sri Ram JCA (as he then was) telah menyatakan seperti yang berikut: "8. For the guidance of the courts below, we summarise as follows the steps that should be taken by a trial court at the close of the prosecution's case:
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the close of the prosecution's case, subject the evidence led by the prosecution in its totality to a maximum evaluation. Carefully scrutinise the credibility of each of the prosecution's witnesses. Take into account all reasonable inferences that may be drawn from that evidence. If the evidence admits of two or more inferences, then draw the inference that is most favourable to the accused;
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(ii) ask yourself the question: If I now call upon the accused to make his defence and he elects to remain silent am I prepared to convict him on the evidence now before me? If the answer to that question is 'Yes', then a prima facie case has been made out and the defence should be called. If the answer is 'No' then, a prima facie case has not been made out and the accused should be acquitted;
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(iii) after the defence is called, the accused elects to remain silent, then convict;
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(iv) after defence is called, the accused elects to give evidence, then go through the steps set out in Mat v. Public Prosecutor [1963] 1 LNS 82; [1963] MLJ 263."
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3.3 Perkataan prima facie tidak ditakrifkan di bawah KTJ. Walau bagaimanapun, Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Balacahandran v. PP [2005] 1 CLJ 85 [2005] 1 AMR 321; [2005] 2 MLJ 301 telah menghuraikan berkenaan ujian prima facie sepertimana yang berikut: ...The test at the close of the case for the prosecution would therefore be: Is the evidence sufficient to convict the accused if he elects to remain silent? If the answer is in the affirmative then a prima facie case has been made out. This must, as of necessity, require a consideration of the existence of any reasonable doubt in the case for the prosecution. If there is any such doubt there can be no prima facie case.
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3.4 Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Looi Kow Chai v. Public Prosecutor [2003] 1 CLJ 734 [2003] 2 MLJ 65; [2003] 2 AMR 89 telah menghuraikan berkenaan ujian untuk menentukan sama ada prima facie telah dibuktikan atau tidak seperti yang berikut: "In our respectful view, the correct test to be applied in determining whether a prima facie case has been made out under s. 180 of the CPC (and this would apply to a trial under s. 173 of the CPC ) is that as encapsulated in the judgment of Hashim Yeop Sani FJ (as he then was) in Dato' Mokhtar bin Hashim & Anor v. Public Prosecutor [1983] CLJ Rep 101; [1983] 2 CLJ 10; [1983] 2 MLJ 232 at p 270: 'To summarize, it would therefore appear that having regard to the prosecution evidence adduced so far, a prima facie case has not been established against Nordin Johan and Aziz Abdullah, the second accused and the fourth accused which, failing their rebuttal, would warrant their conviction. In other words if they elect to remain silent now (which I hold they are perfectly entitled to do even though they are being tried under the Emergency Regulations) the question is can they be convicted of the offence of section 302 read with section 34 of the Penal Code? My answer to the question is in the negative.' We are confident in the view we have just expressed because we find nothing in the amended s. 180(1) of the CPC that has taken away the right of an accused person to remain silent at the close of the prosecution case. Further we find nothing in the legislative intention of Parliament as expressed in the language employed by it to show that there should be a dual exercise by a judge under s. 180 when an accused elects to remain silent as happened in Pavone v. Public Prosecutor [1985] 1 LNS 99; [1984] 1 MLJ 77. In other words, we are unable to discover anything in the language of the recently formulated s. 180 that requires a judge sitting alone first to make a minimum evaluation and then when the accused elects to remain silent to make a maximum evaluation in deciding whether to convict or not at the close of the prosecution case. It therefore follows that there is only one exercise that a judge sitting alone under s. 180 of the CPC has to undertake at the close of the prosecution case. He must subject the prosecution evidence to maximum evaluation and to ask himself the question: if I decide to call upon the accused to enter his defence and he elects to remain silent, am I prepared to convict him on the totality of the evidence contained in the prosecution case? If the answer is in the negative then no prima facie case has been made out and the accused would be entitled to an acquittal."
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3.5 Bagi mengemukakan suatu kes prima facie terhadap Tertuduh-Tertuduh dalam kes di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 dan boleh dihukum di bawah seksyen 30(5) Akta yang sama dan dibaca bersama seksyen 34 Kanun Keseksaan, pihak pendakwaan hendaklah menunjukkan intipati-intipati kesalahan yang berikut telah dibuktikan iaitu:
a
Bahan yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah bahan psikotropik (Racun) sebagaimana yang ditakrifkan di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952; dan
b
Racun tersebut berada dalam milikan Tertuduh
c
Tertuduh-Tertuduh bersama-sama memiliki racun tersebut.
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4.1 Berdasarkan fakta yang dikemukakan oleh pihak pendakwaan, isu di hadapan Mahkamah adalah seperti yang berikut:
a
sama ada bahan psikotropik (racun) yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah racun sebagaimana yang telah ditakrifkan Akta Racun 1952 dan
b
sama ada bahan psikotropik(racun) tersebut berada dalam milikan Tertuduh bersama.
a
Sama ada racun yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah racun sebagaimana yang telah ditakrifkan Akta Racun 1952
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5.1 Mahkamah dalam menjawab isu pertama telah merujuk keputusan Makamah Rayuan dalam kes Gunalan a/l Ramachandran & Ors v. PP [2004] MLJ 4 MLJ 489 / [2004] 4 CLJ 551, di mana telah dinyatakan dalam kes ini bahawa tempoh penting dalam rantaian keterangan barang kes dadah adalah dari masa ia dirampas sehingga ia dianalisa oleh ahli kimia sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam petikan penghakiman seperti yang berikut: ...in a drug trafficking case what is important is that it must be proved that it is the substance that was recovered that was sent to the chemist for analysis and it is that same substance that is found to be heroin or cannabis etc. and it is in respect of that substance that an accused is charged with trafficking. So, the chain of evidence is more important for the period from the time of recovery until the completion of the analysis by the chemist. Even then it does not necessarily mean that if the exhibit is passed from one person to another, every one of them must be called to give evidence of the handing over from one person to another and if there is a break, even for one day, the case falls. There should be no confusion between what has to be proved and the method of proving it. What has to be proved is that it is the substance that was recovered that was analysed by the chemist and found to be heroin, cannabis etc., and it is for the trafficking of that same substance that the accused is charged with.
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The proof of the chain of evidence is only a method of proving that fact. The fact that there is 'a gap', does not necessarily mean that that fact is not proved. It depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. There may be a gap in the chain of evidence. But, if for example, during that 'gap' the exhibits are sealed, numbered with identification numbers, there is no evidence of tempering, there is nothing that would give rise to a doubt that that exhibit is the exhibit that was recovered in that case and that was analysed by the chemist, the fact that there is a gap, in the circumstances of the case, may not give rise to any doubt of that fact.
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The second period is from the time that it was received back from the chemist until it is produced in court. In my view, the chain of evidence is less important during this second period. This is because, as far as I am aware, there is no law that the exhibit recovered must be produced in court and if not the prosecution's case must necessarily fall. It may or it may not, again depending on the facts and the circumstances of each case. Even in a murder trial, the dead body is not produced in court.
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5.2 Mahkamah ini juga merujuk kes Public Prosecutor v. Chia Leong Foo [2004] 4 CLJ 649 yang mana telah dinyatakan dalam kes ini seperti yang berikut: "As the evidence of a chemist on the analysis of drugs by him is not evidence of opinion but evidence of fact, he need not give particulars of the tests carried out by him in his evidence. It follows that his report, tendered in evidence under s. 399(1), also need not contain such particulars. In any event it has been held by the trilogy of the (then) Supreme Court cases of Munusamy v. PP [1987] CLJ Rep 221; [1987] 1 CLJ 250;; [1987] 1 MLJ 492, PP v. Lam San [1991] 1 CLJ Rep 391; [1991] 3 CLJ 2410; [1991] 3 MLJ 426 and Khoo Hi Ciang's case that the court is entitled to accept the evidence of the chemist on its face value without the necessity for him to go into details of what he did in the laboratory step by step unless it is inherently incredible or the defence calls evidence in rebuttal by another expert. Thus, if the accused is dissatisfied with the conclusion reached by the chemist it is for him to summon the chemist as a witness for that purpose or adduce evidence in rebuttal. This has not been done by the accused in this case. The chemist report tendered in evidence in this case is therefore not defective”.
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5.3 Bagi isu pertama, tidak dipertikaikan bahawa bahan psikitropik yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah Mitragynine iaitu salah satu bahan psikotropik yang bertentangan dengan Akta Racun 1952.
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5.4 Setelah meneliti keterangan SP2, SP3 dan SP6, mahkamah mendapati pengemukaan dan pengecaman barang kes adalah jelas dan tidak menimbulkan apa-apa keraguan. Ketiga-tiga SP2, SP3 dan SP6 telah dapat mengecam tandaan masing-masing yang dibuat atas barang kes dan mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa rantaian pengendalian barang kes tidak pada bila-bila masa terputus dan barang kes yang dirampas adalah barang kes yang sama yang dikemukakan di mahkamah.
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5.5 Mahkamah juga berpuas hati bahawa sifat (nature) dan berat barang kes racun telah dengan jelas dianalisa dan ditentukan oleh SP2 dan barang kes yang dirampas juga adalah Mitragynine iaitu salah satu bahan psikotropik yang bertentangan dengan Akta Racun 1952.
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5.6 Oleh yang demikian, mahkamah ini memutuskan bahawa intipati pertama iaitu 40.20 liter isipadu cecair mengandungi racun Mitragynine iaitu salah satu bahan psikotropik yang bertentangan dengan Akta Racun 1952 yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah dadah sebagaimana yang telah ditakrifkan di bawah Akta Racun 1952 telah berjaya untuk dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan.
b
Sama ada dadah tersebut berada dalam milikan Tertuduh
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5.7 Berhubung dengan initipati kedua, mengenai maksud “milikan”, Thomson J dalam kes Chan Pean Leon v. Public Prosecutor [1956] 1 LNS 17; [1956] MLJ 237, telah menyatakan seperti yang berikut: “possession” for the purposes of criminal law involves possession itself — which some authorities term “custody' or control” — and knowledge of the nature of the thing possessed. As to possession itself he cited the following definition in Stephen's Digest (9th Ed), at p 304), in which the exclusive element mentioned by Taylor J appears: A moveable thing is said to be in the possession of a person when he is so situated with respect to it that he has the power to deal with it as owner to the exclusion of all other persons, and when the circumstances are such that he may be presumed to intend to do so in case of need. Once the elements needed to constitute possession are established, including the element of exclusive power to deal, then what is established is possession, not exclusive possession. So much for exclusive possession”.
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5.8 Berpandukan kepada kes Chan Pean Leon yang dinyatakan di atas, adalah menjadi suatu prinsip undang-undang yang mantap bahawa bagi membuktikan seseorang itu mempunyai milikan, pihak pendakwaan perlulah membuktikan melalui keterangan bahawa seseorang itu mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan atas sesuatu barang kes dan bebas berurusan atau mengendalikan barang tersebut sepenuhnya tanpa penglibatan orang lain (power of disposal to the exclusion of others) dan seseorang itu juga perlu mempunyai pengetahuan atas sesuatu barang tersebut.
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5.9 Prinsip ini telah disentuh oleh banyak nas-nas duluan dan Mahkamah ini merujuk kepada penjelasan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes PP v. Hafiszamri b Ahmad & Anor [2007] 1 CLJ 285; [2007] 1 AMR 483 di mana Hakim Hassan Lah HMR (pada ketika itu) telah menghuraikannya seperti yang berikut: [14] What constitutes possession? In Pendakwa Raya v. Mohd Radzi Abu Bakar [2006] 1 CLJ 457 the Federal Court has made the following observation on this point: [2022] 1 LNS 1871 [13] Now, as to what the ingredients of possession in law has been established by a long line of cases. We find it unnecessary to discuss all of them here. Suffice that we refer to two of them. In Toh Ah Loh & Mak Thim v. R [1948] 1 LNS 72; [1949] MLJ 54, Gordon-Smith Ag CJ when delivering judgment of the Singapore Court of Appeal explained the meaning in law of the word "possession" when appearing in the statute. His Lordship said: Possession, in order to incriminate a person, must have the following characteristics. The possessor must know the nature of the thing possessed, must have in him a power of disposal over the thing, and lastly must be conscious of his possession of the thing. If these factors are absent, his possession can raise no presumption of mens rea, without which (except by statute) possession cannot be criminal. The second is Saad Ibrahim v. PP [1967] 1 LNS 154; [1968] 1 MLJ 158 where Yong J stressed the necessity of establishing the ingredient of knowledge on the part of an accused before he could be incriminated with possession. His Lordship there said: In my opinion mere possession is one thing and possession with mens rea is another. Possession which incriminates must have certain characteristics. The possessor must be aware of his possession, must know the nature of the thing possessed and must have the power of disposal over it. Without these characteristics possession raised no presumption of mens rea. Without mens rea possession cannot be criminal except in certain cases created by statute, which is not applicable in this case.
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5.10 Mahkamah juga merujuk kes Ibrahim Mohamad & Anor v. PP [2011] 4 CLJ 113 iaitu suatu keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan yang telah menetapkan prinsip undang-undang yang berikut berhubung dengan kawalan dan jagaan: “The law is well settled that having only custody or control over the said drugs is insufficient to establish 'possession'. The physical act or custody must be accompanied with evidence that the accused had knowledge of the said drugs. In the absence of any statutory presumption, knowledge has to be proved either by direct evidence or circumstantial evidence. Mere knowledge alone without exclusivity of either physical custody or control or both is insufficient in law to constitute possession, let alone trafficking."
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5.11 Selain itu, adalah menjadi suatu prinsip yang mantap bahawa pihak pendakwaan bertanggungjawab untuk menutup sebarang kemungkinan bahawa dadah tersebut boleh diakses oleh orang lain.
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5.12 Dalam kes Husin Sitrus v. Pendakwaraya [2012] 7 CLJ 205, Mahkamah dalam kes ini telah menjelaskan akan keperluan pihak pendakwaan untuk mengecualikan orang lain daripada dadah yang menjadi persoalan itu dan Mahkamah telah menyatakan seperti yang berikut: [15] There is a welter of authoritative precedents which have held that for possession to be established, accessibility by others to the place where the drugs are found should be excluded by evidence by the prosecution (PP v. Kang Ho Soh [1991] 3 CLJ 2914; [1991] 3 CLJ (Rep) 557 HC, PP v. Tang Chew Weng [1969] 1 LNS 141 HC). The onus is not on the defence to prove possibility of access by others but on the prosecution to exclude such possibility and the issue must be answered in favour of the appellant if there were more than one way in which the evidence adduced by the prosecution might be viewed such as in the present case, implicating the appellant or the other persons who were present in the boat. (Abdullah Zawawi Yusoff v. PP [1993] 4 CLJ 1 SC). In other words exclusivity of custody and control of the drugs ought to be established by the prosecution. [17] In 3 (three) celebrated cases of Abdullah Zawawi bin Yusof v. PP [1993] 4 CLJ 1, Choo Yoke Choy v. Public Prosecutor [1992] 4 CLJ 1791; [1992] 1 CLJ (Rep) 43, SC and Public Prosecutor v. Muhamad Nasir bin Shaharuddin & Anor [1992] 1 LNS 8, the court emphasized that the exclusivity of custody and control of the drugs by the accused must be established by the prosecution. Therefore, for possession to be established, accessibility by others to the place where the drugs are found must be excluded.
5
5.13 Selanjutnya dalam sesuatu kes yang melibatkan suatu serbuan yang berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan sepertimana dalam kes ini, mahkamah perlu berhati-hati kerana terdapat kemungkinan dadah tersebut diletakkan oleh orang lain sebagaimana yang telah diputuskan dalam kes Ibrahim Mohamad & Anor v. PP [2011] 4 CLJ 113 dan Abdullah Zawawi bin Yusoff v. PP [1993] 4
5
5.14 Mahkamah dalam kes ini juga telah menggariskan bahawa telah menjadi suatu prinsip yang mantap bahawa pihak pendakwaan bertanggungjawab untuk menutup sebarang kemungkinan bahawa dadah tersebut boleh diakses oleh orang lain.
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5.15 Pihak pendakwaan dalam kes ini harus membuktikan bahawa Tertuduh mempunyai kawalan atau jagaan dan pengetahuan akan dadah yang dalam jagaannya itu dengan mengecualikan orang lain daripada mempunyai akses kepada tempat dadah itu dikatakan dijumpai. Pengetahuan itu boleh ditunjukkan dari fakta hal keadaan sesuatu kes itu.
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5.16 Rujuk kepada keterangan SP3, SP4 dan SP6 premis tersebut walaupun ia di bawah nama OKT Pertama, tetapi jelas dari keterangan saksi-saksi premis tersebut turut dihuni keluarga OKT Pertama, yang mana OKT Pertama menghuni dua(2) buah rumah perumahan bersebelahan antara satu sama lain atas faktor mempunyai jumlah keluarga yang ramai.
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5.17 Dalam keterangan SP4 juga ada menyatakan bahawa terdapat proses pengubahsuaian sedang berlaku di kawasan perumahan tersebut termasuk premis tempat kejadian, oleh itu terdapat banyak pergerakan keluar masuk dari rumah tersebut daripada pelbagai individu menjadikan premis tersebut telah menjadi satu premis akses bebas. Dalam keterangan SP3 juga ada menyatakan semasa serbuan dilakukan, di dapati pintu hadapan rumah tersebut tidak berkunci dan terbuka luas.
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5.18 Berdasarkan otoriti di atas, walaupun pihak pendakwaan mempunyai budi bicara untuk memanggil mana-mana saksi dalam kes pendakwaan, Mahkamah berpendapat pihak pendakwaan tidak boleh mengabaikan keperluan untuk boleh menghuraikan atau menyanggah apa-apa keraguan yang timbul terhadap kes pihak pendakwaan.
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5.19 Walaupun SP3 dalam keterangannya telah menyatakan semasa SP3 bersama anggotanya membuat serbuan di tempat kejadian, SP3 nampak Tertuduh-Tertuduh berada dalam keadaan terkejut untuk menunjukkan pengetahuan Tertuduh atas barang kes, yang mana Tertuduh-Terttuduh dikatakan sedang duduk di hadapan periuk yang mengandungi bungkusan-bungkusan dipercayai mengandungi air ketum (mitragynine), tiada sebarang keterangan yang menyatakan Tertuduh-Tertuduh cuba melarikan diri atau bertindak agresif semasa serbuan.
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5.20 Berkenaan perlakuan (conduct) Tertuduh tersebut, mahkamah telah merujuk kes Ibrahim Mohamad & Anor v. PP [2011] 4 CLJ 113 Tertuduh di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan telah menyatakan seperti yang berikut: [17] Whilst the conduct of the accused fleeing the scene may be a relevant factor to be considered, such a conduct however must be weighed against the circumstances of the case. This is because even an innocent man may feel panicky and try to evade arrest when wrongly suspected of committing a crime. It is a common instinct of self-preservation. As regards the present case it is noted that the road leading to the “road block” is a straight road and therefore the first accused being the driver of the vehicle could have easily seen the “road block” miles away. The fact that the first accused did not make a u-turn or attempt to run away before approaching the “road block” can give rise to an inference that both the first accused and the second accused had no knowledge of the drugs in the vehicle.
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5.21 Mahkamah juga telah memberi pertimbangan bahawa semasa serbuan Tertuduh tidak melarikan diri dan telah memberi kerjasama kepada SP3 dan pasukan.
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5.22 Oleh yang demikian, pihak pendakwaan telah gagal untuk membuktikan inferens pengetahuan dadah yang dijumpai daripada Tertuduh hasil pemeriksaan tersebut. Tanpa pengetahuan tersebut, pihak pendakwaan telah gagal membuktikan intipati milikan secara positif melalui keterangan langsung.
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5.23 Pihak pendakwaan juga telah gagal untuk menutup apa-apa kemungkinan bahawa dadah tersebut boleh diakses oleh orang lain dalam keadaan pintu rumah yang terbuka dan akses keluarga malah pekerja-pekerja pengubahsuaian yang dikatakan dalam keadaan bebas keluar dan masuk dari kem dan premis perumahan tersebut.
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5.24 Mahkamah juga berpendapat tidak terdapat keterangan yang telah menunjukkan bahawa Tertuduh-Tertuduh telah mengendalikan barang kes iaitu bungkusan air ketum dan daun ketum tersebut, mahkamah juga telah mengambil kira kegagalan SP6 untuk membuat apa-apa permohonan bagi maksud pengesanan cap jari untuk menimbulkan apa-apa kesan daripada barang kes yang dirampas yang boleh mewujudkan nexus antara barang kes dengan Tertuduh-Tertuduh.
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5.25 Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah telah merujuk kes PP v. Tukiman bin Demin [2008] 8 CLJ 856 iaitu suatu keputusan oleh Justice Mohd Zawawi Salleh yang telah memutuskan seperti yang berikut: "21.4. The drugs were not found on the accused but in the room to which several person have equal access. The presence of SP7, SP10 and Samiun bin Mohd Dah and other bachelors ('budak-budak bujang') in the house, raise some doubts as to whether it could be said affirmatively that the drugs were in the possession of the accused or either one of them or all of them are in joint possession of the said drugs. Where possession is not clear, as in the present case, when the offending drugs may be attributed to more than one individual, possession requires some nexus, link, or other connection between the accused and the offending drugs. In this case, there is no evidence of additional incriminating circumstances implicating the accused such as finger prints, incriminating statements, efforts to avoid arrest or the offending drugs were concealed in any portion of the room. The bare-bones of the prosecution case is the contraband was found in the accused's room. Under the circumstances, the prosecution's case is barren of establishing linking or demonstrating a nexus between the accused and the offending drugs.
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5.26 Mahkamah juga perlu menilai sama ada wujudnya niat bersama “common intention” dalam milikan bungkusan air ketum dan daun ketum tersebut oleh Tertuduh Pertama dan Tertuduh Kedua. Hasil semakan dengan keterangan SP6 tiada sebarang keterangan bahawa Tertuduh Kedua sedang membungkus air ketum di dalam laporan polis (P20) dan tiada juga di dalam borang bongkar (P21) malah tiada juga di nyatakan ada pemerhatian di buat sebelum serbuan di buat.
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5.27 Keterangan yang diterima oleh SP6 berkenaan Tertuduh Kedua hanyalah satu keterangan dengar cakap (hearsay) dan tidak wajar untuk bersandar pada keterangan tersebut.
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5.28 Mahkamah melalui keterangan yang dikemukakan di hadapan Mahkamah merumuskan bahawa pihak pendakwaan dalam kes ini telah gagal untuk membuktikan bahawa Tertuduh-Tertuduh—
a
mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan atas sesuatu barang kes bungkusan cecair iaitu bahan psikitropik yang merupakan hal perkara pertuduhan adalah Mitragynine yang dirampas;
b
mempunyai kebebasan untuk berurusan atau mengendalikan barang tersebut sepenuhnya tanpa penglibatan orang lain (power of disposal to the exclusion of others); dan
c
mempunyai pengetahuan atas sesuatu barang tersebut.
d
wujudnya niat bersama “common intention”.
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5.29 Oleh yang demikian, mahkamah ini memutuskan bahawa intipati kedua dan ke-empat iaitu dadah tersebut berada dalam milikan Tertuduh-Tertuduh dan samada wujud niat Bersama “common intention” telah gagal untuk dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan.
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6.1 Berdasarkan penilaian keterangan secara maksimum terhadap kesemua saksi-saksi pendakwaan, mahkamah berpendapat bahawa pihak pendakwaan telah gagal untuk mengemukakan keterangan yang kukuh untuk membuktikan setiap intipati pertuduhan di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 yang mana pihak pendakwaan telah gagal untuk membuktikan elemen bagi pertuduhan berkenaan.
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6.2 Berdasarkan alasan-alasan di atas, mahkamah ini mendapati bahawa pihak pendakwaan telah gagal untuk mengemukakan suatu kes prima facie terhadap Tertuduh-Tertuduh atas pertuduhan yang dikemukakan terhadapnya dan daripada keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak selamat untuk memanggil Tertuduh-Tertuduh membela diri atas pertuduhan tersebut dan mahkamah ini tidak bersedia untuk mensabitkan Tertuduh jika pembelaan dipanggil dan Tertuduh-Tertuduh memilih untuk berdiam diri.
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6.3 Oleh yang demikian, Tertuduh dengan ini dilepas dan dibebaskan daripada pertuduhan di bawah di bawah seksyen 30(3) Akta Racun 1952 yang dihukum di bawah seksyen 30(5) Akta tersebut tanpa perlu dipanggil untuk membela diri. Bertarikh 17/4/2025 Siti Nora binti Sharif
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