- Court
- High Court of Malaysia
- Decision date
- 7 Mar 2023
- Case number
- PA-22NCvC-116-04/2019
- Coram
- YA Dato' Sri Tun Abd Majid Bin Dato' Hj Tun Hamzah
- Practice area
- Plaintiff menafikan wujudnya perjanjian kolateral ini dan terma-terma yang dikatakan oleh defendant ini bertentangan dengan terma-terma Perjanjian. Tidak dinafikan bahawa sebelum sesuatu perjanjian ditandatangani perbincangan akan berlaku. Persetujuan yang dicapai kemudiannya diperjelaskan dalam perjanjian yang ditandatangani. Berikutan itu klausa 21.1 memperuntukkan Perjanjian ini mengatasi apa jua perbincangan, persetujuan dan/atau pemahaman kedua-dua pihak. Ini bermakna walau apa pun yang dikatakan kedua-dua plaintiff dan defendant terikat dengan terma-terma Perjanjian ini berdasarkan klausa 21.1. Ini jelas dinyatakan di antaranya dalam kes Master Strike Sdn Bhd v. Sterling Heights Sdn Bhd [2005] 2 CLJ 596 di mana Nik Hashim HMR (beliau ketika itu) menyatakan: “The purpose of an entire agreement clause is to preclude a party to a written agreement from threshing through the undergrowth and finding, in the course of negotiations, some (chance) remark or statement (often long forgotten or difficult to recall or explain) upon which to found a claim, such as the present, to the existence of a collateral warranty. The entire agreement clause obviates the occasion for any such search and the peril to the contracting parties posed by the need that may arise in its absence to conduct such a search. For such a clause constitutes a binding agreement between the parties that the full contractual terms are to be found in the document containing the clause and not elsewhere, and that, accordingly, any promises or assurances made in the course of the negotiations (which, in the absence of such a clause, might have effect as a collateral warranty) shall have no contractual force, save in so far as they are reflected and given effect in that document.”
- Version
- Alasan Penghakiman 1
- Published
- 25 Aug 2023
- Source ID
- 34f048f3-9da0-45a4-853b-6226612b433e