KEGAGALAN PEGAWAI PENYIASAT MENYIASAT CHOOI DAN KHOO; [20] Peguam Perayu yang bijaksana telah berhujah bahawa 315 pegawai penyiasat (SP5) telah gagal untuk menyiasat Chooi dan Khoo walaupun SP9 (agen premis) telah mengesahkan bahawa Khoo menyewa premis tersebut berdasarkan arahan daripada Chooi. HMT telah gagal menilai keseluruhan keterangan Perayu semasa pembelaan terutama sekali berkenaan dengan kewujudan watak- 320 watak Chooi dan Khoo yang bukan direka oleh Perayu mahupun suatu pemikiran semula. Kewujudan Khoo tertera di dalam perjanjian sewaan (eksibit P68). Khoo adalah orang kanan Chooi. Menurut SP9, Chooi telah memaklumkan kepada SP9 bahawa pekerja-pekerjanya menghuni premis tersebut dan kunci premis tersebut telah 325 diberikan Chooi kepada Khoo. [21] Khoo merupakan penyewa premis tersebut dan seorang saksi material dan seharusnya dipanggil oleh pihak Pendakwaan sejak dari awal perbicaraan lagi untuk menjelaskan berkenaan dadah di dalam 330 premis tersebut, berkenaan tong-tong plastik, hubungannya dengan Chooi, serta berkenaan keberadaan Perayu di premis tersebut. Peguam berhujah memandangkan Khoo adalah seorang penghuni dan dia mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan terhadap premis tersebut. Kegagalan memanggil Khoo dan Chooi untuk memberi keterangan 335 berkenaan dengan premis tersebut telah menimbulkan kelompangan material di dalam kes Pendakwaan dan kehadiran mereka terhadap premis tersebut tidak dikecualikan oleh pihak pendakwaan. Peguam bijaksana merujuk kes (antaranya): 340 - Chan Wei Loon v Public Prosecutor and anor [2021] 4 MLJ 660, Mahkamah Persekutuan memutuskan: “[93] The evidence laid down above pinpoints the access possibility by the third party to the ground floor. It is trite that the burden is on the prosecution to exclude access of the said ground floor by others to prove that the 345 appellants were exclusively in custody and control of the dangerous drugs and the machines found on the ground floor. The prosecution had failed to establish such evidence when the onus is not on the defence to prove possibility of access by others, but on the prosecution to exclude such possibility. The burden of proving its case at every stage lies on the 350 prosecution. The only task of the accused is to raise a reasonable doubt as to the truth of the prosecution’s case. See: Mohan Singh a/l Lachman Singh v Public Prosecutor (2002) 3 MLJ 291” - Ti Chuee Hiang v Public Prosecutor [1995] 2 MLJ 433, held: 355 “Having said that, it is in our view clear law that while the prosecution has a complete discretion as to the choice of witnesses to be called at the trial (see, eg Adel Muhammed el Dabbah v A-G of Palestine [1944] AC 156 at pp 167-169; [1944] 2 All ER 139 at pp 143-144), the most basic limitation 360 upon prosecutorial discretion in the presentation of a case is that it also has a duty to call all of the necessary witnesses to establish proof against the accused beyond all reasonable doubt, and if, in the exercise of its discretion, it fails to fulfil this obligation – which is nothing less than a statutory duty – the accused must be acquitted.” 365 [22] Peguam Perayu seterusnya berhujah bahawa HMT yang bijaksana telah tersalah arah dengan meletakkan beban untuk mengemukakan Chooi serta Khoo semasa perbicaraan adalah pada pihak pembelaan dan bukan pada pihak pendakwaan sepertimana di 370 dalam alasan penghakiman HMT seperti berikut: “In addition, I will go further to say that to prove the existence and the important of Mr Khoo and Mr Chooi, the legal burden lies on the accused to prove the same. It is the defence duty to call Mr Khoo and 375 Mr Chooi to give evidence, and not for the prosecution to investigate, for they are the one who could explain or shed light so as to show some semblance of truth in the accused. It would be easy for the accused to shift the blame or level accusation against a third party with scanty or no information about the said person and say the investigating officer need to 380 investigate if it was true. In such a situation, it is absurd to expect the investigating officer to do so and consequently hit a wall making explanation in court to become almost impossible. Hence to do so, could not be held against the prosecution.”(penekanan oleh kami) 385 [23] Peguam Perayu merujuk kes Shah Rehan bin Abdul Rahman v PP [2015] 3 MLJ 337, Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan berikut: “[20] Secondly, it is a well-established principle of Malaysian criminal law that the general burden of proof lies throughout the trial on 390 the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt the guilt of the accused for the offence with which he is charged. There is no similar burden placed on the accused to prove his innocence. He is presumed innocent until proven guilty. To earn an acquittal, his duty is merely to cast a reasonable doubt in the 395 prosecution’s case (per Mohamed Azmi SCJ in Mohamad Radhi bin Yaakob v Public Prosecutor at p 172 (MLJ); at p 315 (CLJ)). [25] Generally, in a criminal trial, there is no burden cast on the 400 accused to call witnesses and no adverse inference may be drawn on the failure of the defence to call witnesses (Goh Ah Yew v Public Prosecutor [1949] 1 MLJ 150, Abu Bakar bin Alif v R [1953] 1 MLJ 19, Public Prosecutor v Tan Gong Wai & Anor [1985] 1 MLJ 355, Illian & Anor v Public Prosecutor [1988] 1 405 MLJ 421, Tan Foo Su v Public Prosecutor [1967] 2 MLJ 19). The learned trial judge in the instant appeal had erred in invoking the s 114(g) provision on the failure of the appellant to call the three named persons. On that ground alone, we ought to allow the appeal. There was a clear misdirection by the 410 learned trial judge.” [24] Isu kelompangan material akibat daripada kegagalan pihak pendakwaan dalam mengemukakan Khoo dan Chooi dan kegagalan SP5 untuk menyiasat mereka ketika perbicaraan walaupun adalah 415 jelas mereka mempunyai akses terhadap premis tersebut menunjukkan kelemahan dalam siasatan yang gagal dinilai secara maksima oleh HMT. HMT juga telah tersalah arah dalam menerima keterangan pegawai penyiasat (SP5) walaupun SP5 gagal menyiasat kes secara menyeluruh. HMT memutuskan: 420 “Dengan izin, I find SP5’s evidence remains intact even though if there were flawed or shortcoming in his investigation. Defence counsels in his written submission faulted SP5 for not carrying his investigation with the Imigresen Department, National Registration Department and Road 425 Transport Department to get more information about Mr Khoo by using his identity card number. SP5 readily admitted his frailties when confronted by the defence. Apparently, I had taken additional precaution of assessing SP5’s evidence and sufficiently considered the evidence in its entirety and found him to be a credible and reliable witness having regard to all the 430 surrounding circumstances. No doubt there were infirmities, short comings or omission by SP5 to investigate certain facts as mentioned by the learned counsel in his cross examination but this does not erode SP5’s credibility as a witness of truth or neither it demolish the core of his evidence after having heard and seen the demeanour of the witness in 435 person in the witness box. In short, his evidence cannot be washed off altogether even though there was failure of the investigating officer to pursue various aspects as raised by the defence. After reading and considering his evidence as a whole, with due caution and care, accept, in the light of other evidence on the record that part of his evidence is credit 440 worthy. I find no reason to doubt the credibility of SP5 evidence. To me, there was nothing improbable about his evidence. Accordingly the challenge by the learned counsels on the credibility and lack of thorough investigation of SP5 cannot prevail.” 445 [25] Peguam berhujah, kredibiliti SP5 dalam memberi keterangan bukanlah menjadi satu isu di dalam kes semasa akan tetapi kegagalan beliau dalam menyiasat lebih lanjut berkenaan Khoo serta Chooi telah memprejudiskan Perayu dan telah menyebabkan Perayu mendapat satu perbicaraan yang tidak adil kerana Perayu telah 450 kehilangan satu peluang untuk menyoal balas mereka untuk mengesahkan pembelaannya pada peringkat perbicaraan di Mahkamah Tinggi. [26] Pihak pendakwaan di dalam hujahannya, tidak menafikan 455 bahawa penama bernama Chooi telah diletakkan kepada SP9 yang merupakan agen hartanah semasa pemeriksaan balas. Namun Chooi bukan merupakan penyewa rumah tersebut dan tidak menandatangani perjanjian sewa rumah tersebut dan butiran Chooi tiada dinyatakan dalam perjanjian sewa (P68). Malahan Chooi dan 460 Khoo tidak berada di tempat kejadian yang mana dadah-dadah tersebut dirampas. Oleh itu, mereka bukanlah merupakan saksi material dalam kes ini dan tidak diperlukan untuk memberikan naratif kes pendakwaan. SP4 telah memberikan keterangan bahawa nama Khoo dan Chooi tidak pernah dimaklumkan kepada SP4 selaku 465 pegawai tangkapan. [27] Perayu juga tidak memberikan butir-butir Khoo dan Chooi seperti nama, nombor telefon dan alamat kepada pegawai penyiasat SP5 semasa siasatan. Meskipun begitu, SP5 telah cuba untuk 470 membuat siasatan berdasarkan nama pada perjanjian sewa iaitu Khoo namun tidak berjaya. [28] Kami merujuk Alasan Penghakiman HMT yang bijaksana dan mendapati HMT telah mengulas dan membuat dapatan berkaitan 475 penglibatan Khoo dan Chooi. HMT mengambil maklum tidak dipertikaikan melalui keterangan SP9 iaitu ejen bahawa rumah tersebut disewakan kepada Khoo atas arahan Chooi dan Khoo telah menandatangani Tenancy Agreement tersebut (ekshibit P68) sebagai penyewa dan Low Chee Teok (Low) sebagai pemilik rumah 480 tersebut manakala SP9 juga turut menandatangani sebagai saksi bagi perjanjian ini. Meskipun tidak dinafikan bahawa pada ekshibit P68 terdapat nama Khoo serta No. Kad Pengenalannya, namun SP5 menyatakan bahawa Khoo tidak dapat dikesan kerena setelah semakan di buat dengan Majlis Daerah Nilai, SP5 mendapati alamat 485 yang tertera di dalam Tenancy Agreement tersebut adalah tidak wujud. Namun SP9 mengakui tiada semakan di buat pada nombor kad pengenalan Khoo bagi menentukan sama ada ianya berpadanan dengan namanya. Mengenai Chooi pula, mengikut SP5, beliau tidak mempunyai maklumat terperinci berkenaan Chooi dan hanya sekadar 490 tahu namanya sahaja melalui SP9 (ejen rumah) dan dengan itu SP5 menghadapi kesukaran untuk mengesan penama Chooi ini. [29] Kami merujuk kepada alasan penghakiman yang telah meletakkan beban untuk membuktikan kewujudan Khoo and Choo ke 495 atas Perayu sebagai orang yang dituduh di dalam kes ini. Pada hemat kami ini adalah salah arah kerana beban membuktikan kes terletak di bahu pendakwaan sepanjang masa dan tertuduh adalah dianggap tidak bersalah sehingga dibuktikan sebaliknya. Untuk mendapatkan pembebasan, tugas atau kewajipan tertuduh hanyalah 500 untuk menimbulkan keraguan yang munasabah dalam kes pendakwaan. Kami merujuk kes tersohor Mohamad Radhi Bin Yaakob v PP [1991] 3 MLJ 169, Mahkamah Agung memutuskan: “It is a well-established principle of Malaysian criminal law that the general 505 burden of proof lies throughout the trial on the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt the guilt of the accused for the offence with which he is charged. There is no similar burden placed on the accused to prove his innocence. He is presumed innocent until proven guilty. To earn an acquittal, his duty is merely to cast a reasonable doubt in the prosecution 510 case. In the course of the prosecution case, the prosecution may of course rely on available statutory presumptions to prove one or more of the essential ingredients of the charge. When that occurs, the particular burden of proof as opposed to the general burden, shifts to the defence to rebut such presumptions on the balance of probabilities which from the 515 defence point of view is heavier than the burden of casting a reasonable doubt, but it is certainly lighter than the burden of the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt. To earn an acquittal at the close of the case for the prosecution under s 173(f) or s 180 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the court must be satisfied that no case against the accused has been 520 made out which if unrebutted would warrant his conviction (Munusamy v PP [1987] 1 MLJ 492). If defence is called, the duty of the accused is only to cast a reasonable doubt in the prosecution case. He is not required to prove his innocence beyond reasonable doubt.” 525 [30] Kami mendapati HMT telah meletakkan beban untuk membuktikan kewujudan Khoo and Choo ke atas Perayu sebagai orang yang dituduh di dalam kes ini. Pada hemat kami, ini adalah salah arah dan menyebabkan “miscarriage of justice”. Kami bersetuju dengan hujjahan peguam Perayu bahawa kegagalan pihak 530 pendakwaan mengemukakan Chooi dan Khoo ini menyebabkan kelompangan material di dalam kes pendakwaan. Pada hemat kami atas alasan ini sahaja keputusan HMT mensabitkan Perayu boleh diketepikan. 535