No person shall commence, undertake or carry out any development otherwise than in conformity with the planning permission granted to him under section 22 in respect of the [29] Prinsip ialah Mahkamah tidak boleh sama sekali membantu pihak-pihak terkait perkara yang dilarang oleh undang-undang. Ia berdasarkan maxim ex turpi causa non oriter actio. [30] Lihat Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam Singma Sawmill Co Sdn Bhd v. Asian Holdings (Industrialised Buildings) Sdn Bhd [1980] 1 MLJ 21 yang berikut: 52(1) of the National Land Code) and subject to an express condition that it is to be used for the cultivation of pineapple and rubber, and that being so, the condition runs with the land and binds the appellants and every person having or claiming any interest in it (section 104) unless crux of this appeal. Is the tenancy agreement void and unenforceable? Now, in the cases to which we have referred, there was an intention to use the subject-matter of the agreement for an unlawful purpose, and also an intention to make use of the lease or agreement for an unlawful purpose. The principles applicable to both cases are the same. In such cases any party to the agreement who has the unlawful intention is precluded from suing upon it. Ex turpis causa non oritur actio. The action does not lie; not for the sake of the defendant but because the court will not lend its assistance to such a plaintiff. It will look behind such cosmetic arrangements to see the real intention. In the present case, the breach of the express condition is wilful, if not, contumacious. There is a clear intention on the part of the appellants to use the subject-matter of the agreement i.e. the land on which the factory was created, for an unlawful purpose. The object of the express condition is that the land must be cultivated with rubber and pineapple; the category of land use is agriculture, and any unilateral conversion to industry is not permitted. Indeed neither party had power to waive the express condition which inextricably runs with the land. If that is permitted it would be entirely to ignore the object of the express condition which is for the public good and to defeat the law relating to land use. The appellants are deemed to have been aware of the illegality of the agreement when they entered it and therefore section [31] Lihat juga Mahkamah Rayuan dalam Lee Nyan Hon & Bros Sdn Bhd v. Metro Charm Sdn Bhd [2009] 6 MLJ 1 yang berikut: 18] In our view, the evidence has established that the plaintiff was in breach of the express covenants contained in cl 5.5 and cl 5.9. Being the party in breach of the law, due to its failure to obtain the building approval for the construction of the building structures and the procurement of the licences to carry out entertainment business in the building, the plaintiff is precluded from enlisting the assistance of the court. In other words, the plaintiff's illegal acts had precluded the plaintiff from pursuing its action: ex turpi causa non oriter actio. An action does not arise from a base cause: see Latin for Lawyers. [19] This clear and well recognised legal maxim is founded in good sense. No court will enforce an illegal contract or allow itself to be made the instrument of enforcing obligations arising out of a contract or transaction which is illegal, and the illegality is duly brought to the notice of the court, and the person invoking the aid of the court is himself implicated in the illegality, even if the defendant has not pleaded the illegality. So long as the evidence adduced by the plaintiff proves the illegality, the court will not assist him: per Lindley LJ in Scott v Brown, Doering, McNab & Co [1892] 2 QB 724 at p 728. See also Contracts Ac [32] Premis yang didirikan tanpa kelulusan ialah premis haram. Lihat Mahkamah Rayuan dalam SSN Medical Products Sdn Bhd v. Chin Hin Helmet Sdn Bhd [2021] 7 CLJ 51 yang berikut: CF can be issued are provided under by-law 25. The requirements of approval of plans by the local authority are provided under by-laws 3 and 10. Clearly, for the erection of a particular building to be legal and before such building may be occupied, the relevant plan must be approved and CF must be issued by MBPJ. Otherwise, the erected structure will be illegal. [28] In this case before us, based on the evidence of PW1 and PW2, there was no approval applied for or plan submitted to MBPJ by the owner for the erection of a five-storey building even though there was an earlier approval for a four-storey building. Besides no approval for the plan, there was also no CF issued after the five-storey building had been erected. [36] Therefore, in our view, the respondent should not be allowed to claim for the market rental for the entire subject premises as part of it contained an illegal structure under the Act and the UBBL. [37] In our view, His Lordship fell into error when he concluded that the respondent was allowed to claim for the market rental for the entire subject premises, which consists of the five-storey office building and the single-storey warehouse where the evidence led show that the five-storey building is an illegal structure. It is also our view that the facts of this case fell squarely within the provisions of para. (a) and (b) of s. 24 of the Contracts Act 1950. [38] We cannot ignore the presence of illegality and the provision of s. 24 of the Contracts Act 1950. We find that the learned judge was in error in awarding RM2,848,648.80 as damages given the illegality and the circumstances as explained in the foregoing [33] Pembinaan premis tanpa kelulusan pihak berkuasa tempatan adalah juga bertentangan dengan polisi awam. Perjanjian Sewaan yang dimasuki adalah void ab initio. Lihat Mahkamah Tinggi dalam Accruvest Hotel Management Sdn Bhd lwn. Pengurusan Kolej Lagenda Sdn Bhd [2007] 3 MLJ 385 yang berikut: -undang adalah tidak sah kerana bukan sahaja kerana ianya tidak dibenarkan oleh undang-undang, malahan bertentangan dengan polisi awam. Oleh itu, adalah menjadi penghakiman saya, bahawa perjanjian pajakan di antara plaintif dan defendan void ab initio. Mahkamah tidak boleh digunakan alat untuk menguatkuasa suatu yang tidak dibenarkan oleh undang-undang. [25] Berkenaan pelanggaran peruntukan undang-undang yang lain yang didakwa oleh defendan telah berlaku, plaintif berhujah bahawa adalah menjadi tanggungjawab defendan mendapat kelulusan-kelulusan yang diperlukan berkenaan dengan bangunan yang dibina di atas tanah tersebut. Secara tidak langsung plaintif mengakui tidak mendapat kelulusan di bawah undang-undang berkenaan untuk pembangunan tanah tersebut sebelum memberi pajakan kecil tersebut kepada defendan. Defendan tidak menafikan kelulusan-kelulusan yang diperlukan di bawah undang-undang berkenaan gagal diperoleh. [26] Pada saya, sama ada ianya merupakan tanggungjawab plaintif ataupun tanggungjawab defendan untuk mendapat kelulusan yang diperlukan di bawah undang-undang yang terpakai berkenaan pembangunan tanah tersebut, ianya tidak mengubah hakikat bahawa terdapat satu pelanggaran undang-undang yang mandatori. Peruntukan undang-undang yang gagal dipatuhi dan ini menjadikan perjanjian pajakan tersebut mempunyai matlamat yang dihalang oleh undang- [34] Otoriti-otoriti di atas adalah sangat mantap. Prinsip juga adalah konsisten. [35] Pada hemat Mahkamah, otoriti-otoriti mengikat Mahkamah ini dengan kuat kerana fakta asas adalah hampir sama dengan kes sekarang. PEMAKAIAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEPADA FAKTA [36] Mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa Perjanjian Sewaan tersebut adalah tidak sah dan tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Justeru relif-relif yang dipohon tidak dapat dibenarkan. KETERANGAN [37] Terdapat keterangan dokumen yang kredibel ie carian pejabat tanah yang mengesahkan bahawa tanah berkenaan adalah dalam kategori kegunaan pertanian. [38] Terdapat juga surat rasmi oleh MPK bertarikh 29/9/2023 yang mengesahkan bahawa tanah telah disalahgunakan. Surat juga mengarahkan plaintif supaya kegunaan tanah dibaik pulih semula kepada kegunaan asal. [39] Selain itu, wujudnya pengakuan oleh pengarah urusan plaintif, Encik Tan Chung Aun (SP1) semasa pemeriksaan balas bahawa pembinaan premis adalah tidak mendapat kebenaran merancang daripada MPK. Lihat keterangan SP1 yang berikut: Lepas bangunan sudah siap mesti ada satu sijil penyiapan dan pematuhan, kita panggil CCC yang ditandatangani oleh arkitek betul? Yang cert. itu kita ada. Tiada. ... S: Untuk gudang ini, Encik ada KM tak? Kebenaran Merancang daripada MPK? Tiada. S: Sebab itu saya katakan pada muka surat 269 Ikatan L7. Sebab bangunan atau gudang itu KM (Kebenaran Merancang) MPK telah keluarkan satu surat peringatan kepada pemilik iaitu Plaintif dalam kes ini, betul? [40] Keterangan dan pengakuan semasa pemeriksaan balas di atas hendaklah dipertimbangkan sewajarnya. Lihat Mahkamah Tinggi dalam lnnoseven Sdn Bhd v. Biaxis (M) Sdn Bhd [2020] MLJU 601 yang berikut: Augustine Paul FCJ in his book Evidence, Practice and Procedure (4th Edition, LexisNexis, 2010) at page 1185 says that answers elicited in cross-examination which are material must be taken into account by the court is Lordship quoted an excerpt from the judgment of the Federal Court delivered by Ong Hock Thye FJ (as he then was) in Mahinder Singh v Public Prosecutor [1967] 1 MLJ 126 (FC) and his own judgment in the High Court case of Public Prosecutor v Mohd Fahrni bin Hamzah [2002] 6 MLJ340(HC). ... [54] In Public Prosecutor v Mohd Fahrni bin Hamzah, Augustine Paul J (as he then was) said the following in respect of evidence adduced in cross-examination: evidence adduced in cross-examination is equally admissible and relevant as evidence adduced in examination-in-chief even if it goes against the cross-examining party. It is perhaps worth mentioning that the art of cross-KESIMPULAN [41] Mahkamah telah mempertimbangkan kesemua hujah oleh peguamcara plaintif yang terpelajar. Memadai untuk Mahkamah menyatakan bahawa Mahkamah tidak bersependapat dengan peguamcara plaintif. [42] Mahkamah juga bersetuju dengan hujah-hujah oleh peguamcara defendan yang terpelajar. [43] Mahkamah telah memerhati saksi-saksi kedua-dua belah pihak. Mahkamah mendapati sebagai dapatan fakta bahawa saksi defendan boleh dipercayai. Keterangannya juga disokong oleh keterangan lain. [44] Setelah mempertimbangkan pliding, keterangan dan kesemua hujah, atas imbangan kebarangkalian, Mahkamah mendapati plaintif gagal membuktikan tuntutannya. [45] Justeru tuntutan plaintif ditolak dengan kos. Bertarikh: 09 Julai 2025 Disediakan oleh: t.t (Zulqarnain bin Hassan) Hakim Sesyen Mahkamah Sesyen ATIP Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Peguamcara bagi pihak plaintif: Tetuan Tan Norizan & Associates Peguambela dan Peguamcara A-1002 & A-902, Penthouse Office Suite 10th & 9th Floor, Block A, Kelana Square No. 17, Jalan SS7/26, Kelana Jaya 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Peguamcara bagi pihak defendan: Tetuan Edwin Ong Chambers Peguambela dan Peguamcara No. 10, Tingkat 1, Jalan Stesen 41000 Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.