neither the prosecution nor an accused person should be penalized or faulted due to the Errors/Omission (Trial Court's GD). This is understandable because the preparation of a trial court's GD is solely within the judicial purview of the trial court which should not be encroached upon by either the prosecution or defence.” [43] Mengambil pendekatan yang sama, maka Mahkamah ini memutuskan bahawa isu ini tidaklah mewajarkan Mahkamah ini untuk menolak rayuan Perayu. Mahkamah bertanggungjawab untuk menilai keseluruhan keterangan yang diberikan apatah lagi S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w di dalam kes ini, Mahkamah mendapati bahawa pihak PR telah mengemukakan keterangan melalui saksi-saksi yang telah diperiksa dengan panjang lebar oleh PR dan peguam-peguam yang mewakili kesemua OKT. Oleh itu, Mahkamah kini boleh menilai kembali keseluruhan keterangan-keterangan ini. [44] Pandangan Mahkamah ini adalah berpaksikan kepada apa yang pernah digariskan oleh Mahkamah Persekutuan di dalam kes Ahmad Najib Aris v PP [2009] 2 CLJ 800 bila mana Hakim Zulkefli Makinuddin HMP (pada ketika itu) menyatakan; "As regards the first main ground of appeal raised by the appellant, I am of the view that the Court of Appeal has the power to review or to re-evaluate all the evidence available as adduced by the prosecution. The Court of Appeal is in a position to do so in the present case even though the grounds of decision of the trial judge as appearing in the appeal records is found lacking in specific findings and with no reasons for the findings. In a case involving purely a question of fact, the Court of Appeal is free to determine whether or not the various findings of the trial Court are correct (See Mohamed Mokhtar v. PP [1971] 1 LNS 84; [1972] 1 MLJ 122). In the present case even though the Court of Appeal took the view that the High Court judgment was of no assistance, it nevertheless had considered and subjected all the evidence adduced by the prosecution to a critical re-examination. The Court of Appeal had given sound reasons as to why the evidence was admitted S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w and how it had implicated the appellant. There was no miscarriage agai nst the appellant as the Court of Appeal'sdecision was based on evidence adduced from the witnesses called by the prosecution as appearing in the appeal records. I am therefore of the view that the Court of Appeal did not err on this issue." [45] Oleh yang demikian, walaupun Alasan Penghakiman Tuan HMS2 terjumlah sebagai penghakiman yang “non-speaking”, namun menjadi tanggungjawab Mahkamah ini untuk melihat dan meneliti semula merit kes ini secara keseluruhan. Isu (c); sama ada satu kes prima facie telah dibuktikan secara khususnya ke atas kesemua Perayu [46] Isu pertama adalah berkaitan wang tunai seba nyak RM22,00.00 dan RM3,000.00 secara atas talian yang diserahkan kepada OKT1. Peguam menghujahkan bahawa jumlah wang tunai sebanyak RM22,000.00 tidak berjaya dibuktikan oleh PR apabila tiada apa-apa keterangan sokongan dikemukakan oleh pihak PR. Manakala wang sebanyak RM3,000.00 hanya dapat dibuktikan terdapat pemindahan wang tanpa pembuktian bahawa ianya diterima oleh Perayu 1. [47] Keterangan oleh SP6 bersama-sama anaknya iaitu SP9 telah menyatakan bahawa mereka telah secara bersama-sama S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w mengeluarkan wang dari mesin ATM yang menurut SP1 meliputi wang pencen SP1 dari akaun Public Bank, wang pencen SP6 dari akaun RHB Bank dan wang pusingan meniaga dari akaun bank CIMB. Wang tunai tersebut kemudiannya telah dikumpulkan dan diikat RM1000.00 setiapnya oleh SP6 dan SP1 yang keseluruhannya berjumlah RM22,000.00. [48] Keterangan SP6 dan SP9 ini disokong oleh keterangan-keterangan dokumen seperti berikut: a) P11 – Penyata Akaun RHB Islamic Bank Berhad di atas nama SP6; dan b) P12 – Penyata Akaun Public Islamic Bank di aats nama SP1 [49] Isunya adalah sama ada keterangan lisan oleh kesemua saksi-saksi ini boleh berdiri hanya dengan disokong oleh keterangan-keterangan dokumen di P11 dan P12 serta oleh keterangan SP4 iaitu Pegawai Maybank yang mengesahkan pembukaan akaun serta penyata akaun SP10. [50] Kesemua ekshibit iaitu P11 dan P12 menunjukkan terdapatnya pengeluaran wang melalui ATM pada 21/5/2019. Ini menyokong keterangan lisan yang diberikan oleh SP6 dan SP9. Kedua-dua saksi ini, adalah merupakan saksi yang tidak mempunyai apa-apa alasan untuk tidak bercakap benar kerana mereka tidak mengenali kesemua Perayu dan peranan mereka hanyalah sekadar S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w mengeluarkan wang tunai tersebut dan mengikatnya bagi maksud diserahkan kepada Perayu 1. [51] Keterangan SP6 dan SP9 adalah jelas kukuh dan tidak goyah walaupun diperiksa balas oleh peguam Perayu-perayu. Malahan kedua mereka dapat mengesahkan bahawa terdapatnya pengeluaran wang tunai dari mesin ATM. Di peringkat ini, tiada alasan bagi Mahkamah ini untuk mempertikaikan keterangan yang telah diberikan oleh kedua-dua saksi ini. Oleh itu, isu berkenaan dengan wang sebanyak RM22,000.00, Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa ianya telah berjaya dibuktikan oleh pihak PR. [52] Berkenaan dengan wang RM3,000.00 yang dipindahkan di atas talian, ia dapat dibuktikan melalui keterangan oleh SP10 yang menyatakan telah memindahkan secara atas talian kepada akaun Perayu 1. Ini disokong oleh keterangan sokongan di P6 yang merupakan dokumen Pembukaan dan Penyata Akuan Maybank di atas nama SP10 yang menunjukkan pemindahan wang sebanyak RM3,000.00 ke dalam akaun Perayu 1 sepertimana di P9 iaitu Penyata Akaun Maybank di atas nama Perayu 1. [53] Selain itu, keterangan-keterangan ini turut disokong oleh SP5 iaitu Pengurus CIMB bank yang mengesahkan pembukaan akaun Perayu 1 serta terdapat kemasukan wang sebanyak RM3,000.00 pada 21/5/2019 pada jam 6.49 petang yang selari dengan P6. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [54] Berdasarkan kepada keterangan-keterangan ini, Mahkamah ini berpuashati bahawa pihak PR telah berjaya membuktikan bahawa wang sebanyak RM22,000.00 telah diserahkan kepada Perayu 1 dan wang sebanyak RM3,000.00 telah dipindahkan secara atas talian kepada Perayu 1. [55] Selanjutnya peguam turut menghujahkan berkenaan percanggahan keterangan saksi-saksi PR secara khususnya SP1, SP3, SP6, SP9 dan SP10. Kesemua saksi-saksi ini adalah merupakan saksi-saksi awam dan mempunyai hubungan kekeluargaan sesama mereka. [56] Percanggahan-percanggahan dikatakan adalah ke atas perkara-perkara berkaitan pengecaman ke atas wang tunai sebanyak RM22,000.00 di dalam plastik biru. Ini dikatakan bercanggahan kerana SP10 mengatakan bahawa SP10 tidak nampak kewujudan RM22,000.00 tersebut sedangkan SP1 dan SP6 menyatakan bahawa terdapat wang tunai sebanyak RM22,000.00 di dalam plastik biru diserahkan kepada Perayu 1. [57] Peguam telah membawa perhatian mahkamah kepada Nota Keterangan di mukas surat 187 – 188 Jilid 2A RR dan membawa perhatian mahkamah ini kepada kes AB Malek Atan v PP [2002] 2 MLRH di mana Mahkamah memutuskan: S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w “The unresolved contradiction in a material part of the evidence of PW5 in relation to the second charge thus leaves her credibility in suspense. In the circumstances her whole evidence must be disregarded. As Wan Yahya J (as he then was) said in Pie bin En Chin v. PP [1983] 1 CLJ 316; [1983] CLJ (Rep) 703: It is only when a witness's evidence on material and obvious matters in the case is so irreconcilable, ambivalent or negational that his whole evidence is to be disregarded.” [58] Manakala di dalam kes PP v Mohd Saipol Bahri Yaakub [2016] MLRHU 402, Mahkamah menyatakan; “[27] Having said that, I then turn to the conflicting versions in the prosecution evidence. It is trite that there is no legal presumption that an interested witness should not be believed. He or she is entitled to credence until cogent reasons for disbelief can be advanced in the light of evidence to the contrary and in the surrounding circumstances. See Balasingham v. Public Prosecutor [1959] CLJU 8; [1959] 1 LNS 8; [1959] MLJ 193. Ummi is therefore entitled to credence until cogent reasons for disbelief are advanced. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [28] The evidence given by Ummi contradicting the version of the events on 9 February 2015 was damaging but not beyond salvation. However, no attempt was made by the prosecution to seek the leave of the court to cross examine her or to impeach her credibility. Section 154 of the Evidence Act 1950 permits the prosecution to cross examine its own witness. It provides: The court may, in its discretion, permit the person who calls a witness to put any questions to him which might be put in cross-examination by the adverse party. [29] This omission precludes the prosecution from challenging her veracity as a witness. Ummi's evidence is therefore an integral part of the prosecution's own case. In the result, the prosecution case is based on two sets of evidence which are inconsistent and contradictory with each other. The effect of inconsistency in the prosecution evidence in relation to a critical issue, was considered in the case of Adzhaar bin Ahmad & Anor v. PP [1996] CLJU 68; [1996] 1 LNS 68; [1996] 4 MLJ 85. Alaudin J (as he then was) observed: By introducing P15 A and B, the prosecution had without doubt, led two sets of evidence which were contradictory with each other. What then would be the effect of such contradiction? It would inevitably show that the evidence is unreliable and the result is that the court would be left with no trustworthy evidence upon which the conviction could be S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w based. My finding finds support in the case of PP v. Lee Eng Kooi [1993] 2 CLJ 534; [1993] 2 MLJ 322. The learned Vincent Ng JC (as he then was) in the course of his judgment at p 333 had this to say: The function of the court in a criminal trial is to find whether the person arraigned before it as the accused is guilty of the offence with which he is charged. For this purpose, the court scans the material on record to find whether there is any reliable and trustworthy evidence upon the basis of which it is possible to found the conviction of the accused and to hold that he is guilty of the offence with which he is charged. If in a case the prosecution leads two sets of evidence, each one of which contradicts and strikes at the other and shows it to be unreliable, the result would necessarily be that the court would be left with no reliable and trustworthy evidence upon which the conviction of the accused might be based. Inevitably, the accused would have the benefit of such a situation. [30] Applying the foregoing principle, with which I agree, to the facts of the instant case, this means the court has no reliable and credible evidence that proves that the accused had possession of the drugs mentioned in the charges. This finding is sufficient to dispose of the charges against the accused. Nevertheless, for completeness I shall proceed to deal with the remaining two issues in this case.” S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [59] Mahkamah berpandangan bahawa percanggahan yang dibangkitkan oleh peguam Perayu adalah sesuatu yang tidak material. Ini kerana ia tidak dapat menyanggah keterangan yang telah diberikan oleh SP1, SP6 dan SP9. Keterangan-keterangan lisan ini disokong pula oleh keterangan dokumen sepertimana yang telah diulas oleh Mahkamah di atas. [60] Prinsip undang-undang berkaitan percanggahan keterangan saksi-saksi adalah mantap. Di dalam kes Suthakar Sivakumar v PP & Rayuan Yang Lain [2024] 10 CLJ 335, Mahkamah Persekutuan menyatakan; [50] Oleh itu, keterangan ketiga-tiga saksi ini adalah mencukupi untuk menunjukkan penglibatan setiap perayu sehingga menyebabkan kematian si mati. Tidak boleh dikatakan terdapat percanggahan antara saksi SP18, SP19 dan SP21 ini mengenai kejadian yang menimpa mangsa sehingga menyebabkan kematiannya. Pada hemat kami, jika terdapat percanggahan keterangan sekalipun, percanggahan tersebut adalah kecil dan tidak menjejaskan keseluruhan kes yang dibawa terhadap semua perayu. Berkaitan perkara ini, terdapat beberapa kes yang telah diputuskan terdahulu untuk menunjukkan prinsip yang harus ditekankan apabila isu seperti ini ditimbulkan dalam perbicaraan. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [51] Dalam kes PP v. Datuk Haji Harun Haji Idris (No 2) [1976] CLJU 184; [1976] 1 LNS 184, Raja Azlan Shah HMP (ketika itu) telah menyatakan: In this case different witnesses have testified to different parts of what had happened or what had been said and also there are, in the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution, some discrepancies, as would be expected of witnesses giving their recollections of a series of events that took place in 1971-1973. In my opinion discrepancies there will always be, because in the circumstances in which the events happened, every witness does not remember the same thing and he does not remember accurately every single thing that happened. It may be open to criticism, or it might be better if they took down a notebook and wrote down every single thing that happened and every single thing that was said. But they did not know that they are going to be witnesses at this trial. I shall be almost inclined to think that if there are no discrepancies, it might be suggested that they have concocted their accounts of what had happened or what had been said because their versions are too consistent. The question is whether the existence of certain discrepancies is sufficient to destroy their credibility. There is no rule of law that the testimony of a witness must either be believed in its entirety or not at all. A court is fully competent, for good and cogent reasons, to accept one part of the testimony of a witness and to reject the S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w other. It is, therefore, necessary to scrutinize each evidence very carefully as this involves the question of weight to be given to certain evidence in particular circumstances. (penekanan ditambah) [52] Begitu juga dalam kes Ong Teng For & Anor v. PP [2013] 1 CLJ 39, Raus Sharif PMR (ketika itu) menjelaskan: [33] It is settled law that the credibility of a particular witness and the weight to be given to his other evidence is manifestly within the province of a trial judge. In Andy Bagindah v. PP [2000] 3 CLJ 289, Shaik Daud JCA said that: There is no dearth of authorities to say that in every case, there are bound to be contradictions and discrepancies. The question to be decided by the trial judge is whether those contradictions and/or discrepancies are material ones so as to strike at the very root of the charge. It is for the trial judge to consider this since he was the one who saw and heard the evidence. In the present case the learned judge concluded that there were discrepancies but those discrepancies were not material ones. Since this involved the credibility of witnesses, we held that S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w the learned judge was a better person to decide and an appellate court ought not to interfere with such findings [34] Further, in PP v. Datuk Harun Haji Idris & Ors [1976] CLJU 184; [1976] 1 LNS 184, Raja Azlan Shah FJ (as His Royal Highness then was) said: In my opinion discrepancies there will always be, because in the circumstances in which the events happened, every witness does not remember accurately every single thing that happened. It may be open to criticism, or it might be better if they took down a notebook and wrote down every single thing that happened and every single thing that was said. But they did not know that they are going to be witnesses at this trial. I shall be almost inclined to think that if there are no discrepancies, it might be suggested that they have concocted their accounts of what had happened or what had been said because their versions are too consistent. The question is whether the existence of certain discrepancies is sufficient to destroy their credibility. There is no rule of law that the testimony of a witness must either be believed in its entirety or not at all. A court is fully competent, for good and cogent reasons, to accept one part of the testimony of a witness and to reject the other. It is, therefore, necessary to scrutinized each evidence very carefully S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w as this involves the question of weight to be given to certain evidence in a particular circumstance. [35] In the final determination of issues, it is incumbent on the trial court to decide, having regard to the probabilities of the case and based on contemporaneous facts and documents, whether the witnesses or set of witnesses are speaking the truth on matters of central importance. (penekanan ditambah) [53] Pendekatan yang sama telah juga diputuskan oleh Abdul Rahman Sebli HMP (ketika ini HBSS) dalam kes Puganeswaran Ganesan & Ors v. PP & Other Appeals [2020] 9 CLJ 326 yang antara lain menegaskan: [82] The proper approach to deal with discrepancies in evidence is well settled by case law. In Khoon Chye Hin v. PP [1961] CLJU 41; [1961] 1 LNS 41; [1961] MLJ 105b it was held that even where a witness demonstrably lies, it would be to go too far to say that his evidence must be rejected entirely. The proper way to deal with the evidence of such witness is to treat it with suspicion and caution. In considering them, what the court has to decide is whether they are of such a nature as to discredit the witness entirely and render the whale of his evidence worthless and untrustworthy: S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w see De Silva v. PP [1964] CLJU 32; [1964] 1 LNS 32; [1964] MLJ 81. (penekanan ditambah) [54] Susulan itu, kami berpandangan MT dan MR tidak khilaf sekiranya benar wujud percanggahan keterangan antara SP18, SP19 dan SP21 seperti yang dihujahkan oleh perayu-perayu, kerana percanggahan berkenaan, jika ada sekalipun, telah tidak menjejaskan dan melemahkan kredibiliti SP18, SP19 dan SP21. [61] Oleh yang demikian, Mahkamah ini berpandangan bahawa percanggahan tersebut tidaklah material sehingga menjejaskan kes pihak pendakwaan. [62] Berkaitan pengecaman kesemua Perayu, walaupun saksi-saksi di dalam keterangan lisan menyatakan bahawa mereka tidak dapat mengecam kesemua Perayu namun kesemua Perayu telah dapat dicamkan semasa perbicaraan di mana SP6, SP9 dan SP10 telah mengecam kesemua Perayu. Malahan pengecaman mereka tidaklah diperiksa balas sehingga boleh menjelaskan keterangan serta pengecaman mereka. [63] Prinsip undang-undang berkaitan pengecaman di dalam mahkamah adalah mantap sepertimana yang diputuskan oleh S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w Mahkamah Rayuan di adalam kes Lint Tiong Seng & Satu Lagi v PP [2011] 4 MLJ 411 seperti berikut; “The identification parades belong to the investigation stage. They are generally held during the course of investigation with the primary object of enabling the witnesses to identify persons concerned in the offence, who were not previously known to them. This serves to satisfy the investigating officers of the bona fides of the prosecution witnesses and also to furnish evidence to corroborate their testimony in Court. Identification proceedings in their legal effect amount simply to this; that certain persons are brought to jail or some other place and make statements either express or implied that certain individuals whom they point out are persons whom they recognise as having been concerned in the crime. They do not constitute substantive evidence." [64] Manakala di dalam kes Ong Poh Cheng v PP [1998] 4 CLJ 1, telah diputuskan seperti berikut; “Generally speaking, an identification at an identification parade, held usually a short time after the incident, would tend to strengthen the prosecution's case but it does not follow that the lack of it would be fatal, or would destroy a court or dock identification. It must necessarily depend on the facts and circumstances of each particular case. Unlike in the case of Arumugam s/o Muthusamy v. PP [1998] 3 CLJ 597; [1998] 3 S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w MLJ 73 where the court relied solely on the dock identification, the present case there are other cogent evidence to put the appellant at the scene of the robbery. The court's identification was merely to confirm this. On the facts and circumstances of this case, the court or dock identification of the appellant was rightly accepted.” [65] Manakala Hakim Ahmadi Asnawi HMR di dalam kes PR v Nirmala a/p Subramaniam & ors [2017] 1 LNS 537 telah menyatakan seperti berikut; "[96] Ketiadaan Laporan Kawad Cam tidak memprejudiskan OKT-OKT kerana evidential value laporan tersebut hanyalah berbentuk corroborative sahaja. Keterangan substantive datang dari keterangan lisan SP-14 dan SP-15. Maka seharusnya pihak pembelaan menggunakan peluang dengan sebaikbaiknya untuk elicit keterangan yang berpihak kepada OKT-OKT dari kehadiran SP-14 dan SP-15 dalam kandang saksi dan tidak merengek-rengek meminta salinan Laporan Kawad Cam tersebut [97] Selanjutnya seperti dinyatakan di atas, keterangan kawad cam bukanlah keterangan substantive. Ia hanya boleh digunakan untuk menyokong (corroborate) keterangan substantive yang diberikan oleh saksi-saksi berkaitan dengan pengecaman atau identiti orang kena tuduh sebagai pelaku kesalahan. Tambahan pula, pengecaman dalam kawad cam S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w tidak mempunyai independent value langsung lihat ST Shind (supra) dan Arumugam s/o Muthusamy (supra). Dengan itu kegagalan pihak pendakwaan untuk mengemukakan Laporan Kawad Cam tidak perlu diberikan keberatan yang berlebihan (exaggerated importance)." [66] Berdasarkan kepada nas-nas yang dirujuk, Mahkamah ini berpandangan bahawa hujahan peguam Perayu berkaitan ketiadaan pengecaman adalah tersasar dan Mahkamah berpuashati bahawa kesemua Perayu telah dicamkan secara sempurna. Isu ini turut tidak bermerit. [67] Isu selanjutnya adalah berkaitan dua nama iaitu Tuan Mustakim dan Tuan Azwa yang merupakan Pegawai KDRM yang telah tidak ditawarkan mahupun dipanggil oleh PR untuk memberi keterangan. Ini dihujahkan oleh peguam Perayu sebagai membangkitkan inferens bertentangan di bawah misalan (g) seksyen 114 Akta 56. [68] Prinsip berkenaan inferens bertentangan ini adalah mantap sepertimana di dalam kes Munusamy Vengadasalam v PP [1987] 1 MLJ 492 di mana Mahkamah Agung menyatakan; "It is essential to appreciate the scope of s. 114(g) lest it be carried too far outside its limit. Adverse inference under that illustration can only be drawn if there is withholding or S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w suppression of evidence and not merely on account of failure to obtain evidence. It may be drawn from withholding not just any document, but material document by a party in his possession, or for non-production of not just any witness but an important and material witness to the case." [69] Manakala di dalam kes Amri Ibrahim v PP [2017] 1 CLJ 617, Mahkamah Persekutuan melalui penghakiman Hakim Hassan Lah HMP menyatakan; "[56] The issue of the non-calling of Phee Chin Guan was argued before the Court of Appeal by the defence. The Court of Appeal held inter alia that Phee Chin Guan was not an essential or material witness to the prosecution inord er to establish a prima facie case at the close of its case or to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt at the end of the defence case and the non-calling of Phee Chin Guan did not leave a gap in the prosecution's case. It was also held that on the facts of the case, the learned trial judge did not err in not invoking s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act 1950 against the prosecution. [57] The power of the court to draw an adverse inference under s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act 1950 is discretionary. It depends on the circumstances of the case and particularly in cases where the material witnesses are not produced (see Lau Song Seng v. PP [1998] 1 SLR 663]. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w The scope of s. 114(g) has been explained by the Supreme Court in Munusamy Vengadasalam v. PP [1987] 1 CLJ 250; [1987] CLJ (Rep) 221 at p. 223; [1987] 1 MLJ 492 at p. 494: ... It is essential to appreciate the scope of section 114(g) lest it be carried too far outside its limit. Adverse inference under that illustration can only be drawn if there is withholding or suppression of evidence and not merely on account of failure to obtain evidence. It may be drawn from withholding not just any document, but material document by a party in his possession, or for non-production of not just any witness but an important and material witness to the case. [58] On the facts of the case we agree with the finding of the Court of Appeal that adverse inference under s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act ought not to be drawn against the prosecution for not calling Phee Chin Guan as its witness. We agree with the reasons given by the Court of Appeal." [70] Pertimbangan Mahkamah mendapati nama Azwar Muhammad Nor dan Muhammad Mustaqim bin Abdul Wahab telah berbangkit semasa saksi-saksi pendakwaan memberi keterangan terutamanya saksi dari JKDM. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [71] Kedua-dua nama ini berbangkit apabila Perayu 1 menyatakan bahawa arahan-arahan adalah diterima daripada kedua-dua nama ini. Peranan mereka, dapat dilihat melalui panggilan telefon walaupun mereka dibuktikan tidak berada di tempat kejadian malahan tidak pernah dinyatakan oleh SP1, SP6, SP9 dan SP10. [72] Keterangan berkaitan kedua-dua nama ini berbangkit semasa SP12 dan SP14 memberi keterangan dan ia berkaitan soal siasat ke atas Perayu 1 di Pejabat Penguatkuasaan Pulau Pinang di mana nama kedua mereka ini dibangkitkan semasa soal siasat tersebut. Ini membawa kepada SP12 memainkan rakaman percakapan telefon di antara Muhammad Mustaqim dengan Perayu 1 yang kemudiannya ditranskipkan dan dikemukakan sebagai P53. [73] Adalah jelas di dalam kes ini, keterangan pihak PR adalah berpaksikan kepada keterangan SP1, SP6, SP9 dan SP10 yang secara jelas telah mengecam kesemua Perayu sepertimana yang telah diulaskan di atas. Keterangan-keterangan ini tidak dapat menafikan perbuatan kesemua OKT berkaitan pertuduhan ke atas mereka. [74] Kewujudan kedua-dua penama ini tidak pernah dilindungi oleh pihak PR dan nama mereka juga diketahui memandangkan mereka adalah pegawai kanan di KDRM. Di dalam masa yang sama, tiada apa-apa keterangan yang menunjukkan apa-apa siasatan yang telah dijalankan ke atas kedua-dua penama ini. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [75] Persoalannya kini adakah kedua-dua penama ini adalah merupakan saksi-saksi yang material di mana tindakan PR yang tidak memanggil mereka atau menawarkan mereka sebagai saksi boleh mengundang infrens bertentangan ke atas PR. Bagi menentukan perkara ini, ujian yang perlu dinilai oleh Mahkamah adalah apakah peranan oleh kedua-dua Penama ini. [76] Berdasarkan kepada P53 Mahkamah mendapati bahawa ianya selari dengan keterangan SP10 di mana pada tarikh kejadian, terdapatnya perbincangan di antara SP10 dan Perayu 1 berkaitan tuntutan wang sebanyak RM60,000.00 yang kemudiannya diturunkan sehingga RM25,000.00 Perkara ini seolah-olah telah dilaporkan oleh Perayu 1 kepada Muhammad Mustaqim. [77] Selain itu, keterangan SP10 menunjukkan SP10 ada melihat Perayu 1 berbincang dengan seseorang melalui panggilan telefon dan P53 menunjukkan bahawa ianya pada waktu yang sama ketika Perayu 1 berjumpa dengan SP10. [78] Puan TPR di dalam hujahannya telah merujuk Mahkamah kepada pertuduhan-pertuduhan yang dikenakan ke atas kesemua perayu. Elemen asas ke atas seksyen 137(b) Akta 235 adalah dihujahkan sebagai “menerima sejumlah wang” dan “tidak mengambil apa-apa tindakan ke atas Md Radzi bin Putih”. S/N tnXBfrpgwEOBknKb6pH62w [79] Bagi maksud tersebut, telah dihujahkan bahawa keterangan-keterangan bagi menunjukkan wang tersebut telah diserahkan dapat dibuktikan melalui keterangan-keterangan yang diringkaskan seperti berikut: i.