OKT kedua tidak dimaklumkan OKT pertama tentang ciri-ciri seperti saiz, sifat dan berat beg tersebut, malah apa yang hendak dibawa juga tidak dimaklumkan kepada OKT kedua. [60] OKT kedua juga mempunyai peluang dan masa yang mencukupi untuk memeriksa beg P18 sebelum membawanya daripada Johor Bahru ke Kuala Lumpur memandangkan perjalanan tersebut mengambil masa yang agak lama (perjalanan biasanya mengambil masa 4 jam). Namun di dalam kes ini, OKT kedua telah memilih untuk tidak memeriksa beg tersebut (shutting his eyes to the obvious). Maka, pembelaan 'innocent carrier OKT kedua telah dipatahkan dengan prinsip 'wilful blindness'. [61] Tambahan pula versi ini juga tidak dikemukakan oleh OKT kedua semasa kes pendakwaan dibentangkan dan dengan itu bersifat “afterthought". [62] Dengan penilaian-penilaian tersebut, Mahkamah mendapati bahawa keterangan kedua-dua OKT adalah tidak kredibel, satu afterthought dan penafian semata-mata, manakala keterangan SD3 tidak dapat menyokong pembelaan OKT pertama kerana keterangan SD3 adalah tidak konsisten dengan keterangan OKT pertama. [66] Adalah menjadi dapatan Mahkamah bahawa versi pembelaan kedua-dụa OKT telah gagal menimbulkan sebarang keraguan yang munasabah dan gagal mematahkan anggapan pemilikan tentang dadah berbahaya atas imbangan kebarangkalian di bawah seksyen 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952. Mahkamah dengan itu memutuskan bahawa pihak Pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan kes secara melampaui keraguan yang munasabah terhadap kedua-dua OKT bagi pertuduhan yang dihadapi. Keputusan Kami [42] Setelah kami meneliti keseluruhan kes pendakwaan dan pembelaan, kami mendapati terdapat keterangan melimpah ruah yang mengaitkan kedua-dua Tertuduh dengan pertuduhan ini di mana telah dibuktikan secara jelas kedua-dua mereka dengan niat bersama telah mengedar dadah berbahaya iaitu Methamphetamine seberat 3806.7 gram tersebut. [43] Berdasarkan keterangan yang dikemukakan, pada awalnya P18 yang mengandungi dadah tersebut berada di dalam kawalan dan jagaan Tertuduh Kedua di Johor Bahru sebelum ianya bertukar tangan kepada Tertuduh Pertama di Bangi. Laungan Tertuduh Kedua menjerit perkataan “lari, lari, lari" di dalam Bahasa Cina kepada SD3, SP9 dan Pauline Ong May Lian sebaik-baik sahaja Tertuduh Kedua melihat Tertuduh Pertama ditangkap, membuktikan kedua-dua Tertuduh mempunyai pengetahuan bahawa dadah yang berada di dalam beg tersebut mengandungi dadah berbahaya. [44] Sewajarnya ditekankan bahawa berdasarkan kepada rentetan keterangan yang dikemukakan, perjumpaan kedua-kedua Tertuduh dan rakan-rakan mereka di kedai makan di Bangi tersebut bukan berlaku secara kebetulan. Ianya terjadi hasil daripada perancangan awal (pre-arranged plan) yang direncanakan (orchestrated) oleh kedua-dua Tertuduh sebelum mereka ditangkap. [45] Di dalam kes Krishna Rao Gurumurthi v. PP and Another Appeal [2009] 2 CLJ 603 Mahkamah memutuskan seperti berikut: [61] The existence of a common intention is a question of fact in each case to be proved mainly as a matter of inference from the circumstances of the case. It has been said that as common intention essentially being a state of mind direct evidence as proof is difficult to procure. Invariably inferences have to be relied upon arising from such acts or conduct of the accused, the manner in which the accused arrived at the scene, the nature of injury caused by one or some of them or such other relevant circumstances available. Indeed the totality of the circumstances must be taken into consideration in arriving at a conclusion whether there was common intention to commit the offence for which the accused can be convicted. The facts and circumstances of each case may vary. As such each case has to be decided based on the facts involved. Whether an act is in furtherance of the common intention is an incident of fact and not of law. [62] For a charge premised on common intention to succeed it is essential for the Prosecution to establish by evidence, direct or circumstantial, that there was a plan or meeting of mind of all the accused persons to commit the offence for which they are charged with the aid of s. 34 notwithstanding that it was pre-arranged or on the spur of the moment provided that it must necessarily be before the commission of the offence. [46] Mengikut keterangan Tertuduh Pertama, beliau ditangkap semasa sedang menghisap rokok di tempat parkir kereta dan bukannya sepertimana dakwaan SP5 bahawa beliau ditahan semasa sedang memegang P18 memberi tanggapan bahawa pihak polis sengaja hendak mengenakan beliau sedangkan dadah tersebut bukan berada di dalam kawalan eksklusif Tertuduh Pertama. Malangnya pada hemat kami, tiada keterangan yang dapat dibuktikan oleh pihak pembelaan berlakunya penganiayaan oleh pihak polis terhadap Tertuduh-Tertuduh. [47] Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam Wan Amirul Mubin bin Wan Kamaruddin v. PP [2017] 1 LNS 1478 memutuskan seperti berikut: "It is unthinkable that PW4 had fabricated evidence in view of the complete absence of any evidence or allegation by the appellant that PW4 had made up a story regarding Exhibit P30. In fact, the appellant admitted during cross-examination that PW4, PW5 as well as PW7 had absolutely no reasons to lie about him. PW4 and PW5 were police officers who were merely performing their duties and they had no reasons to lie or to frame up the appellant whom they said they did not know. [30] It is significant to bear in mind that since both PW4 and PW5, were carrying on their official duties at the relevant time, in law the court is entitled to presume that their official acts were regularly performed and prima facie they did so honestly and conscientiously. Section 114 illustration (e) of the Evidence Act 1950 in this regard provides that the court may presume that judicial and official acts have been regularly performed. In the case of PP v. Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim [2014] 4 CLJ, the Court of Appeal said- "It must be borne in mind that s. 114 illustration (e) of the Evidence Act 1950 provides that the court may presume that judicial and official acts have been regularly performed. In State of Punjab v. Rameshwar Dass [1957] Cri LJ 1630, the Punjab and Haryana Court held at p. 1631 as follows: It is well settled that prima facie the public servants must be assumed to act honestly and conscientiously. It would, therefore, be basically wrong, without other cogent ground to consider them as untrustworthy witness in respect of their activities in performance of their official duties merely because of their official status unless the evidence is considered to be suspicious and that the conviction of the accused cannot be sustained on the statements of the official witnesses. The presumption that a person acts honestly applied as much in favour of a police officer as of other persons, and it is not a judicial approach to distrust and suspect him without good grounds? [31] Accordingly, without cogent reasons that would allow us to hold otherwise, it would be manifestly wrong to consider PW4 and PW5 as untrustworthy witnesses in handling this case. In the end what we have before us is nothing more than the bare oral testimony which was a mere denial.” [48] Peguam Tertuduh Pertama yang bijaksana juga menghujahkan bahawa Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi yang bijaksana telah terkhilaf dari segi undang-undang dan fakta apabila gagal menilai keterangan secara maksima apabila tidak mengambil-kira ketiadaan keterangan sokongan seperti rakaman CCTV di tempat kejadian bagi menunjukkan keadaan sebenar yang terjadi semasa kejadian. [49] Pada hormatnya, kami tidak bersetuju dengan penghujahan tersebut. Tertuduh Pertama telah ditangkap ketika sedang memegang P18. Apa lagi yang Tertuduh Pertama hendak katakan selain daripada terpaksa menafikan mempunyai pengetahuan terhadap dadah tersebut. Di dalam situasi sebegini pada hemat kami, keterangan CCTV hanya mempunyai nilai sokongan yang kecil sahaja. Keterangan CCTV hanyalah releven dan mempunyai kesan yang ketara (significant) bila identiti seseorang menjadi isu pertikaian utama namun kes seperti itu tidak berlaku di hadapan kami. [50] Di dalam kes PP v Mansor Md Rashid & Anor [1997] 1 CLJ 233, Mahkamah Persekutuan melalui penghakiman yang disampaikan oleh Chong Siew Fai CJSS (beliau pada ketika itu) menyatakan seperti berikut: “We also find ourselves in agreement with the learned Deputy Public Prosecutor that the learned trial Judge had erred in law when he faulted PW13 the investigating officer for not lifting the finger prints off the wrappings of the cannabis and for not taking photographs of the street light in front of the house No. 129. Where the identity of a culprit is in question or required to be proved, fingerprint evidence would be of great significance and immense value. In the present case under appeal, however, the charge alleged trafficking in the form of sale and there is evidence indicating the identities of the alleged offenders and the sale transaction. Fingerprint evidence on the newspaper wrapping, white plastic and the loytape, therefore, assumes little value or significance." [51] Di dalam kes PP v Ebrahim Mirzaie Hj Ebrahim Deh Mokhtar [2017] 1 CLJ 575 Mahkamah Rayuan melalui penghakiman yang disampaikan oleh Ahmadi Asnawi HMR (beliau pada ketika itu) memutuskan seperti berikut: “[38] The evidential value of CCTV evidence. DNA profiles and fingerprint impressions as decided by high authority is only corroborative. The learned trial judge correctly appreciated the position. In PP v Mansor Md Rashid & Anor [1997] 1 CLJ 233, the Federal Court stated that: Where the identity of a culprit is in question or required to be proved, fingerprint evidence would be of great significance and immense value. In the present case under appeal, however, the charge alleged trafficking in the form of sale and there is evidence indicating the identities of the alleged offenders and the sale transaction. Fingerprint evidence on the newspaper wrapping, white plastic and the loytape, therefore, assumes little value or significance. [39] Now, having scrutinised the evidence, we were with the learned DPP that even without the CCTV evidence, DNA profiles and fingerprint impressions, there are sufficient evidence to prove the prosecution's case. [40] The evidence of both PW2 and PW3 (DSM Hairudin bin Abdullah) were uncontroverted that they saw the respondent pulling the bag, exh. P10, before and at the time they approached the respondent. The bag they saw and seized was a brown coloured bag carrying the “Sphere” brand name, exh. P10. It was the respondent himself who had put the said bag in the scanning machine and it was equally the respondent himself who had carried the said bag to the narcotics office. Both testified that the examination of the said bag was done in the presence of the respondent. These are uncontroverted direct evidence which needs no further support for its sustenance.” [52] Di dalam kes Public Prosecutor v. Badrulsham bin Baharom [1987] 1 LNS 72 [ 1987] CLJU 72, Lim Beng Choon H memutuskan seperti berikut: “In the present case, the prosecution had clearly established that the accused was in actual physical custody and control of P3 and its contents. From the totality of the evidence, the prosecution had also clearly established that the accused had the necessary knowledge of P6A-H and the nature of the dangerous drugs in question. In the circumstances, I cannot find fault with the police for failing to send the exhibits to the chemist in order to carry out finger print tests. The contention of the learned defence counsel, with due respect, amounts to nothing more than to ask this court to determine not whether there was sufficient evidence adduced before this court to warrant a conviction of the accused but to determine that the methodology of the police investigation must be 100% correct regardless of the fact that the police had gathered more than sufficient evidence to sustain a conviction of the accused.” Kesimpulan [53] Setelah meneliti keseluruhan keterangan yang dikemukakan di peringkat kes pendakwaan dan pembelaan, kami mendapati pihak pembelaan telah gagal untuk menimbulkan apa-apa keraguan yang munasabah terhadap kes pendakwaan. Kami juga mendapati bahawa pihak pembelaan juga gagal untuk mematahkan anggapan di bawah seksyen 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952. [54] Dengan itu, kami sebulat suara mendapati tiada merit di dalam rayuan terhadap sabitan ini bagi mewajarkan kami campurtangan terhadap dapatan yang telah dibuat oleh Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi yang bijaksana. Hukuman [55] Mengenai hukuman, dengan berkuatkuasanya Akta Pemansuhan Hukuman Mati Mandatori 2023 (Act 846) pada 4 Julai 2023, mahkamah ini boleh mempertimbangkan pelbagai faktor di dalam melaksanakan kuasa budibicaranya untuk menentukan hukuman yang bersesuaian dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan sama ada untuk menjatuhkan hukuman mati atau pemenjaraan seumur hidup (30 tahun) dan hendaklah jika tidak dihukum mati, dikenakan tidak kurang daripada dua belas (12) kali sebatan. [56] Di dalam konteks ini, tidak dinafikan bahawa jumlah berat dadah Methamphetamine sepertimana pertuduhan adalah besar (3806.7 gram). Namun begitu, di dalam menentukan hukuman yang bersesuaian dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan, mahkamah di peringkat rayuan ini bukan sahaja harus melihat kepada berat dadah yang dirampas tetapi harus juga mengambil pertimbangan faktor-faktor sampingan lain di mana di antaranya termasuk juga rayuan peringanan dan pemberatan hukuman sepertimana yang dihujahkan oleh pihak-pihak. [57] Justeru itu kami memerintahkan seperti berikut: