(ii) sama ada Perayu telah dimangsakan oleh pihak Polis kerana SD3 juga turut ditahan kerana berada di dalam Kereta itu tetapi hanya Perayu dipertuduhkan di dalam kes ini; (iii) sama ada Perayu telah juga dimangsakan oleh pemilik berdaftar Kereta itu Mohd Fahmi kerana Mohd Fahmi yang telah meminta Perayu memandu Kereta itu ke lokasi tangkapan untuk mengambil rakannya; (iv) sama ada keterangan tunggal Pengadu/ Pegawai Serbuan (SP4) selamat diterima dalam membuktikan kes Pendakwaan; (v) kegagalan Pegawai Penyiasat menyiasat rekod perbualan di antara Perayu dan Mohd Fahmi di dalam telefon bimbit Perayu yang dirampas oleh SP4 dan yang dapat membuktikan permintaan Mohd Fahmi itu; (vi) kegagalan SP5 menghantar beg mengandungi dadah untuk ujian forensik bagi menentusahkan sama ada terdapat keterangan DNA dan cap jari yang dapat mengaitkan Perayu dengan beg mengandungi dadah itu; dan (vii) kegagalan pihak Pendakwaan mengecualikan akses orang lain ke Kereta itu, khususnya SD3 dan Mohd Fahmi. [10] Di atas isu-isu tadi, Perayu menghujahkan bahawa pembelaannya adalah konsisten di atas isu utama dan ini disokong oleh keterangan SD3 bahawa, pertamanya, beg galas mengandungi dadah tidak dijumpai pada badan Perayu tetapi di bahagian tengah atau “arm rest” Kereta itu, dan keduanya, Mohd Fahmi lah yang telah meminta Perayu mengambil rakannya di lokasi tangkapan dengan menggunakan kereta Mohd Fahmi dan perkara ini dapat dibuktikan melalui rekod perbualan di dalam telefon Perayu yang telah dirampas oleh SP4. Perayu menghujahkan kedua-dua perkara gagal dinilai oleh PK, lebih-lebih lagi apabila SP4 dan SP5 telah dicabar di atas kedua-dua isu ini. [11] Dihujahkan lagi, oleh kerana versi kes Pembelaan adalah ketara berlawanan dengan versi kes Pendakwaan, maka adalah tidak selamat untuk PK menerima keterangan tunggal SP4 tanpa koroborasi daripada anggota serbuan yang lain. Tambahan lagi, pihak Pendakwaan telah gagal memanggil Mohd Fahmi, pemilik berdaftar kereta itu sebagai saksi untuk mengecualikan akses dan penggunaan kereta itu oleh Mohd Fahmi dan untuk mengesahkan perkara-perkara permintaan Mohd Fahmi kepada Perayu untuk mengambil rakannya di lokasi tangkapan menggunakan kereta miliknya. [12] Kes pihak Pendakwaan dilemahkan lagi apabila tidak ada keterangan DNA dan cap jari yang dapat mengaitkan Perayu dengan beg mengandungi dadah itu. Kegagalan SP5 membuat penyiasatan menyeluruh telah memprejudis Perayu apabila pembelaan kes Perayu adalah berdasarkan versi bahawa beg mengandungi dadah sebenarnya dijumpai di dalam Kereta dan bukan pada badan Perayu. [13] Rujukan telah dibuat kepada kes, di antaranya: M. Yusuf v PP [2020] 2 MLJ 512; [2019] CLJU 901; Ibrahim Mohamad & Anor v PP [2011] 4 CLJ 113; [2011] MLJU 1491; Rahmani Ali Mohamad v PP [2014] 7 CLJ 405; [2014] 6 MLJ 525; Hassan Nawali v PP [2018] 6 CLJ 415; [2018] MLJU 21; Kesavan Krishnan lwn PP & Satu Lagi Rayuan [2015] 6 CLJ 163; [2014] 7 MLRA 823; Losali v PP [2011] 4 MLJ 694; [2012] 2 CLJ 178; dan Muhammad Hafiz Mukrimin bin Abdulkeh v PP & Satu Lagi Rayuan [2022] MLJ 168; [2022] 4 CLJ 329. Pihak Pendakwaan [14] Pihak Pendakwaan pula menghujahkan keterangan SP4 jelas menunjukkan beg mengandungi dadah digalas oleh Perayu dan bukan dijumpai di dalam Kereta. Tidak ada alasan mengapa keterangan SP4 tidak boleh diterima. Di samping itu, pemilik Kereta itu, Mohd Fahmi telah pun disiasat dan hasil siasatan tidak menunjukkan beg mengandungi dadah dijumpai di dalam kereta. Fakta bahawa Perayu telah cuba melarikan diri dan bergelut dengan pasukan serbuan sebelum ditangkap, di samping terjumpanya kad pengenalan Perayu di dalam beg itu menunjukkan tidak sahaja Perayu mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan ke atas beg itu, tetapi juga mempunyai pengetahuan ke atas dadah di dalam beg. [15] Pihak Pendakwaan seterusnya menghujahkan dakwaan Perayu bahawa telefon bimbitnya dirampas, telah disangkal oleh keterangan dokumentar Borang Senarai Pemeriksaan (Ekshibit P20), Laporan Tangkapan (Ekshibit P21) dan Akuan Serah Menyerah Barang Kes (Ekshibit P22) yang kesemuanya telah dikemukakan sebagai ekshibit tidak langsung menyenaraikan telefon bimbit sebagai barang rampasan. Tidak itu sahaja, SP4 juga di dalam keterangannya telah menafikan berlakunya rampasan telefon bimbit itu. [16] Selain itu, dihujahkan juga tidak ada keperluan untuk pihak Pendakwaan memanggil Mohd Fahmi sebagai saksi kes Pendakwaan memandangkan barang dadah bukan dijumpai di dalam kereta tetapi di luar kereta di dalam beg yang digalas Perayu. Maka, tidak timbul isu bahawa pihak Pendakwaan mempunyai beban untuk mengecualikan akses orang lain kepada Kerata itu. Terkait Mohd Fahmi juga, dakwaan Perayu bahawa beliau telah diperangkap atau dianiaya oleh Mohd Fahmi tidak disokong oleh apa-apa keterangan. Kalaupun Mohd Fahmi tidak dipanggil sebagai saksi Pendakwaan, Mohd Fahmi telah disenaraikan sebagai saksi yang ditawarkan kepada pihak Pembelaan tetapi Perayu gagal memanggil Mohd Fahmi sebagai untuk menyokong versi Pembelaannya. Ini menyebabkan dakwaan Perayu tidak kredibel. [17] Mengenai dadah yang dijumpai pada badan SD3 yang sama jenisnya dengan rampasan dadah dari beg yang digalas Perayu, pihak Pendakwaan menghujahkan SD3 telah dipertuduh dan disabitkan dengan kesalahan sesuai dengan fakta kes iaitu milikan dadah di bawah seksyen 12(2) ADB. Oleh kerana beg mengandungi dadah itu tidak berada dalam milikan SD3 tetapi pada badan Perayu di luar Kereta, tiada sebab untuk pihak Pendakwaan untuk menuduh SD3 di atas kesalahan yang sama dengan Perayu di bawah seksyen 39B(1) ADB. Maka, hujahan Perayu bahawa terdapat satu pendakwaan yang tidak adil terhadap Perayu adalah tidak berasas. [18] Terhadap penilaian kes Pembelaan, pihak Pendakwaan menghujahkan PK telah membuat penilaian yang tepat berdasarkan fakta. Keterangan SP4 tidak dapat dicabar dan digugat dan dengan itu PK betul dalam menerima keterangan SP4 sebagai keterangan yang kredibel dan merumuskan pembelaan Perayu gagal membangkitkan keraguan yang munasabah terhadap isu milikan dan gagal mematahkan anggapan perbuatan pengedaran dadah di bawah seksyen 37(da) ADB. Maka, pertimbangan mengenai tiadanya keterangan DNA, cap jari atau CCTV tidak semestinya memihak kepada Perayu. [19] Di antara kes yang dirujuk adalah: Pagal Midzfar Abduhari v PP [2025] CLJU 1037; [2025] MLJU 1576; Tan Lay Hwa v PP [2016] 1 LNS 507; [2016] MLJU 1676; Parlan Dadeh v PP [2008] 6 MLJ 19; [2009] 1 CLJ 717; Tan Ah Tee & Anor v PP [1980] 1 MLJ 49; [1978] CLJU 193; Wan Amirul Mubin bin Wan Kamaruddin v PP [2017] MLJU 1253; [2017] CLJU 1478; Rosli Bin Yusof v PP [2021] 7 CLJ 681; [2020] MLJU 1231; Tan Lay Hwa v PP [2016] 1 LNS 507; [2016] MLJU 1676; Gan Too Cheh v PP [2006] 2 SLR 220; [2006] SGHC 23 dan Md Zainudin bin Raujan v PP [2013] 3 MLJ 773; [2013] 4 CLJ 21. PERTIMBANGAN DAN DAPATAN MAHKAMAH [20] Setelah mendengar hujahan pihak-pihak serta mempertimbang keterangan dan Alasan Keputusan PK, kami mendapati asas Rayuan ini terletak di atas 1 isu utama dan dasar, iaitu sama ada keterangan tunggal SP4 sebagai anggota pasukan serbuan dan Pengadu adalah mencukupi dalam membuktikan satu kes prima facie dan selanjutnya membuktikan satu kes yang melampaui keraguan yang munasabah terhadap Perayu. Pihak Perayu mengatakan keterangan tunggal itu tidak mencukupi apabila dilihat dari sudut cabaran Perayu terhadap fakta rampasan beg berisi dadah yang dikatakan sebenarnya dijumpai di dalam Kereta itu serta keterangan SD3 yang menyokong kes Pembelaan, manakala pihak Pendakwaan bertegas mengatakan keterangan tunggal SP4 sebagai anggota polis boleh dan harus diterima dalam keadaan dimana keterangan itu jelas dan tidak dapat digugat. [21] Sebelum menyentuh penilaian keterangan SP4 oleh PK, adalah perlu sebagai tanda rujukan untuk Mahkamah ini merujuk kepada prinsip yang terpakai dalam menilai keterangan saksi, khususnya saksi polis. Di dalam kes Ho Sek Kong v PP [2011] 6 CLJ 522; [2011] 5 MLJ 359, Mahkamah Rayuan telah menetapkan: “While appreciating the evidence of a witness, the approach must be whether the evidence of the witness read as a whole appears to have a ring of truth. Once that impression is formed, it is undoubtedly necessary for the court to scrutinise the evidence more particularly keeping in view the deficiencies, drawbacks and infirmities pointed out in the evidence as a whole and evaluate them to find out whether it is against the general tenor of the evidence given by the witness and whether the earlier evaluation of the evidence is shaken as to render it unworthy of belief. (See State of U.P. v. M.K Anthony, AIR [1985] Supreme Court 48). The Privy Council has stated that the real tests for either accepting or rejecting the evidence of a witness are how consistent the story is with itself, how it stands the test of cross-examination, and how far it fits in with the rest of the evidence and the circumstances of the case (See Bhojraj v. Sita Ram AIR [1936] PC 60)”. [22] Rujukan juga dibuat kepada keputusan di dalam kes PP v. Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (No. 3) [1999] 2 CLJ 215; [1999] 2 MLJ 1 yang telah memutuskan: “The Privy Council has stated that the real tests for either accepting or rejecting the evidence of a witness are how consistent the story is with itself, how it stands the test of cross-examination, and how far it fits in with the rest of the evidence and the circumstances of the case (see Bhojraj v. Sitaram 1936 AIR PC 60). It must, however, be observed that being unshaken in cross- examination is not per se an all-sufficient acid test of credibility. The inherent probability or improbability of a fact in issue must be the prime consideration (see Muniandy & Ors v. PP [1966] 1 LNS 110; [1966] 1 MLJ 257). It has been held that if a witness demonstrably tells lies, his evidence must be looked upon with suspicion and treated with caution, but to say that it should be entirely rejected would be to go too far (see Khoon Chye Hin v. PP [1961] 1 LNS 41; [1961] MLJ 105). It has also been held that discrepancies and contradictions there will always be in a case. In considering them, what the court has to decide is whether they are of such a nature as to discredit the witness entirely and render the whole of his evidence worthless and untrustworthy (see De Silva v. PP [1964] 1 LNS 32; [1964] MLJ 81). The Indian Supreme Court has pointed out that one hardly comes across a witness whose evidence does not contain a grain of untruth or at any rate exaggerations, embroideries or embellishments (see Ugar v. State Of Bihar 1965 AIR SC 277). It is useful to refer to PP V. Datuk Haji Harun Bin Haji Idris (No 2) [1976] 1 LNS 184; [1977] 1 MLJ 15 where Raja Azlan Shah FJ (as His Highness then was) said at p. 19: ...In my opinion, discrepancies there will always be, because in the circumstances in which the events happened, every witness does not remember the same thing and he does not remember accurately every single thing that happened...The question is whether the existence of certain discrepancies is sufficient to destroy their credibility. There is no rule of law that the testimony of a witness must either be believed in its entirety or not at all. A court is fully competent, for good and cogent reasons, to accept one part of the testimony of a witness and to reject the other. In the absence of any contradiction, however, and in the absence of any element of inherent improbability, the evidence of any witness, whether a police witness or not, who gives evidence on affirmation, should normally be accepted (see PP v. Mohamed Ali [1962] 1 LNS 129; 1 [1962] MLJ 257).” [23] Dalam menilai sama ada keterangan saksi Polis harus diragui di dalam mana-mana kes, perkara motif menjadi satu pertimbangan. Ketiadaan motif untuk saksi itu menganiaya atau memerangkap tertuduh secara salah akan menguatkan nilai probatif keterangan saksi itu. Perkara ini dibayangkan di dalam keputusan Gan Too Cheh v PP [supra]: “Where the accused can show that the complainant has a motive to false implicate him, then the burden must fall on the prosecution to disprove that motive. This does not mean that the accused merely needs to allege that the complainant had a motive to falsely implicate him. Instead, the accused must adduce sufficient evidence of this motive so as to raise reasonable doubt in the prosecution’s case. Only then would the burden of proof shift to the prosecution to prove that there was no such motive.” [24] Di dalam kes Sahrul Mazlee Mohd Khalid v PP [2022] 1 LNS 4; [2022] 3 MLJ 919, dalam mengekalkan keputusan Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi, Mahkamah Rayuan telah membuat dapatan berikut: “[55] There was no evidence of any prior relationship or any evidence that the appellant knew any members of the police raiding team or vice versa. Thus, the learned trial judge concluded that there was nothing to suggest that the police might have had any motive to frame the appellant. In the absence of any such motive, or evidence, the learned trial judge found that despite the assertion by the defence that the white plastic bag with the drugs was found on the roof of the Viva car outside the house, the evidence established the fact that the appellant was holding the white plastic bag in his hand when apprehended.” [25] Di dalam kes Wan Amirul Mubin bin Wan Kamaruddin v Public Prosecutor [supra] pula, Idrus Harun HMR (pada ketika itu) telah menyatakan seperti berikut mengenai keterangan saksi polis: “[28] …It is unthinkable that PW4 had fabricated evidence in view of the complete absence of any evidence or allegation by the appellant that PW4 had made up a story regarding Exhibit P30. In fact, the appellant admitted during cross – examination that PW4, PW5 as well as PW7 had absolutely no reasons to lie about him. PW4 and PW5 were police officers who were merely performing their duties and they had no reasons to lie or to frame up the appellant whom they said they did not know.” [26] Seterusnya di dalam kes Dickson Levy Maria George v PP [2018] CLJU 135; [2018] MLJU 98 Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan: "[47] Also, there was no rhyme nor reason for the police officers in this case to frame up the appellant with the impugned drugs, as they were just performing their duty. (See the cases of Mohd Ali Jaafar v. PP [1998] 4 CLJ Supp 208 and Goh Han Heng v. PP [2003] SGHC 226 [2003] 4 SLR 374). [48] In Goh Han Heng v. Public Prosecutor (supra), Yong Pung How CJ (Singapore) had this to say – "I disagreed with counsel. All that the passage means is that where the accused can show that the complainant has a motive to falsely implicate him, then the burden must fall on the prosecution to disprove that motive. This does not mean that the accused merely needs to allege that the complainant has a motive to falsely implicate him. Instead, the accused must adduce sufficient evidence of this motive so as to raise a reasonable doubt in the prosecution's case. Only then would the burden of proof shift to the prosecution to prove that there was no such motive. To hold otherwise would mean that the prosecution would have the burden of proving a lack of motive to falsely implicate the accused in literally every case, thereby practically instilling a lack of such a motive as a constituent element of every offence." [49] The appellant failed to demonstrate to us any evidence to show that the police had harboured a motive to falsely implicate the appellant." [27] Meneruskan perbincangan, sudah menjadi prinsip undang-undang yang jelas bahawa pembuktian satu kes tidak bergantung kepada berapa jumlah saksi yang dipanggil tetapi di atas kekuatan keterangan saksi itu. Maka, pihak Pendakwaan mempunyai hak untuk bergantung hanya kepada satu saksi mata yang material tanpa memerlukan saksi koroboratif dalam membuktikan naratif kes Pendakwaan. Perkara ini telah dibincangkan dalam banyak keputusan. Di antaranya adalah kes Md Zainudin bin Raujan v PP [supra] di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan telah memutuskan seperti berikut: “[55] PW5 was a police witness. The learned trial judge found him to be a credible witness. It is true that the prosecution's case rested solely on the evidence on PW5. However, under the law there is no requirement for his evidence to be corroborated. The learned trial judge believed PW5 and as such his evidence was sufficient to establish the case for the prosecution. Any requirement for PW5's evidence to be corroborated will conflict with s. 134 of the Evidence Act 1950 which provides that no particular number of witnesses shall in any case be required for proof of any fact (see Balachandran v. PP [2005] 1 CLJ 85).” [28] Begitu juga dalam keputusan yang sering dipetik iaitu kes Collins Chigbo Chima v PP [2019] CLJU 107; [2019] MLJU 84 dimana Mahkamah Rayuan telah memutuskan: “[42] Likewise, in the present appeal before us, the learned JC believed the testimony of the raiding officer, SP-2. As the trier of fact, that was his primary role. We further opined that the nature of the case herein does not fall within that category of cases where the nature of the testimony of the single witness itself requires that corroboration should be insisted upon as a rule of prudence. Hence, the singular testimony of SP-2 was credible enough and was sufficient to establish the case for the prosecution. In our view, it falls squarely within the ruling in Balachandran v PP [2005]1 CLJ 85, adverted to by the Federal Court in the case referred to above: that any requirement for SP-2’s evidence to be corroborated will conflict with s.134 of the Evidence Act 1950 which provides that no particular number of witnesses shall in any case be required to establish or prove any fact. As such we found no merit in the submission canvassed by the appellant on the issue of the need of SP- 2’s testimony to be corroborated.” [29] Berbalik kepada Rayuan ini, PK telah menilai keterangan SP4 dan mendapati tidak ada alasan mengapa naratif keterangan SP4 mengenai bagaimana Perayu ditangkap dan penemuan beg mengandungi dadah pada badannya, tidak boleh dipercayai. Setelah meneliti keterangan, kami tidak mendapati penilaian itu salah. Kami tidak mendapati keterangan SP4 digugat oleh percanggahan yang mencelarukan, kepincangan material dalam menyatakan naratif tangkapan dan percanggahan fakta penemuan beg mengandungi dadah pada badan Perayu dengan keterangan dokumentar yang dikemukakan. Tambahan lagi, tidak ada keterangan yang mampu menunjukkan satu kemungkinan SP4 mempunyai motif untuk berdendam atau menganiaya Perayu dan SP4 membuat satu pertuduhan palsu terhadap Perayu. PK telah mendapat manfaat audio-penglihatan di dalam menilai perilaku SP4 dalam memberi keterangan di Mahkamah dan Mahkamah Rayuan harus berwaspada dalam mengganggu penilaian dan dapatan fakta oleh Mahkamah perbicaraan. Mahkamah Persekutuan di dalam kes Md Zainuddin bin Raujan v PP [supra] telah memutuskan: “[37] The learned trial judge had given a maximum evaluation to PW5's evidence and found him to be credible. That finding was affirmed by the Court of Appeal. In Tan Kim Ho & Anor v. PP [2009] 3 CLJ 236 at 252 Zaki Tun Azmi CJ reiterated as follows: It is an established principle of law that when dealing with finding of facts, the trial Judge is more often than not, in a better position to decide. The appellate court must be reluctant to interfere with such findings, unless the facts obviously disclose the courts below had clearly and wrongly evaluated the facts. In Lee Ah Seng & Anor v. PP [2007] 5 CLJ 1 this court held: The approach to be taken by an appellate court when dealing with a trial court's assessment of credibility of witness is well-established by high authorities. The credibility of a witness is primarily for the trial Judge. An appellate court should always be slow in disturbing such finding of fact arrived at by the Judge who had audio-visual advantage of the witness, unless there are substantial and compelling reasons for disagreeing with the finding. Discrepancies will always be found in the evidence of a witness but what a judge has to determine is whether they are minor or material discrepancies. It would be wrong to say just because a witness may have contradicted in his evidence or even told lies on one or two points, his evidence should be totally rejected. In the final analysis it is for the trial judge to determine which part of the evidence of a witness he is to accept and which to reject (see Herchun Singh & Ors v. Public Prosecutor [1969] 1 LNS 52; [1969] 2 MLJ 209 FC; Dato' Mokhtar Hashim & Anor v Public Prosecutor [1983] 2 CLJ 10; [1983] CLJ (Rep) 101 FC; Lai Kim Hon & Ors v. Public Prosecutor [1980] 1 LNS 197; [1981] 1 MLJ 84 FC; Che Omar bin Mohd Akhir v. Public Prosecutor [1999] 2 CLJ 780 CA). It is not the function of an appellate court to make primary findings of facts (see Public Prosecutor v. Mohd Radzi Abu Bakar [2006] 1 CLJ 457 FC; [2005] 6 MLJ 393; [2005] 6 AMR 203. [38] Assessing credibility is difficult and is best left to the trial judge who has the audio-visual advantage of a witness in action. In this case, the learned trial judge, in our view, had correctly evaluated PW5's evidence and found him to be a credible witness.” [30] Oleh kerana Mahkamah ini bersetuju dengan dapatan PK bahawa beg mengandungi dadah sebenarnya dijumpai pada badan Perayu dan bukan di dalam Kereta itu, maka tidak ada keperluan pihak Pendakwaan memanggil Mohd Fahmi untuk memberi keterangan untuk mengecualikan Mohd Fahmi dari akses dan penggunaan Kereta itu pada masa yang material. Keperluan itu hanya menjadi relevan sekiranya beg itu dijumpai tersembunyi di dalam Kereta itu. Keterangan Mohd Fahmi tidak diperlukan untuk menyatakan mengenai penemuan dadah pada badan Perayu. Seperti yang telah diputuskan di dalam kes Collins Chigbo Chima v PP [supra]: “[48] It is apparent, therefore, that the prosecution’s case was grounded firmly upon the testimonies of SP-2 and the others called by the prosecution. Nabuuma Lucky’s evidence was neither material nor essential for the prosecution to unfold its narrative and establish its case. The prosecution was content with SP-2’s evidence to prove its case against the appellant without the need to call Nabuuma Lucky to testify. In our view, on the facts, the non-calling of Nabuuma Lucky does not create a gap in the prosecution’s case. [49] As long as SP-2 was able to give evidence of the commission of the offence by the appellant, there is no reason why Nabuuma Lucky should be called to testify nor the presumption should be invoked against the prosecution. We reckoned that Nabuuma Lucky was not called because the essentiality and materiality of her evidence was of no significance and was never part of the prosecution’s case. [50] It is trite law that where the witnesses not produced are not material or where the evidence to be given is largely redundant, no presumption under section 114, illustration (g), of the Evidence Act 1950, operates against the prosecution-see Chua Keen Long v PP [1996]1 SLR 510. Further, the Supreme Court in Munusamy v PP [1987] 1 MLJ 492, had stated clearly that adverse inference can only be drawn for non-production of not just any witness but an important and material witness.” [31] Menyentuh pembelaan Perayu, kami juga bersetuju dengan dapatan PK dan hujahan Pendakwaan bahawa pembelaan kes Perayu adalah tidak konsisten. Semasa peringkat kes Pendakwaan, pembelaan yang telah dicadangkan kepada SP4 adalah barang dadah dirampas daripada rumah Mohd Fahmi sedangkan semasa kes Pembelaan, Perayu mengatakan beg biru mengandungi dadah (ekshibit P25) dijumpai di dalam Kereta itu di bawah kerusi penumpang hadapan. Selain itu, SD3 pula mengatakan Polis telah menjumpai dadah di dalam Kereta itu selain daripada rampasan dadah lain di rumah itu. SD3 membayangkan terdapat 2 rampasan dadah sedangkan pembelaan Perayu yang dicadangkan di peringkat kes Pendakwaan adalah rampasan dadah hanya berlaku di rumah Mohd Fahmi. Percanggahan ini jelas tidak kredibel dalam membangkitkan satu keraguan yang munasabah terhadap fakta kes Pendakwaan bahawa beg merah yang mengandungi beg biru yang di dalamnya mengandungi dadah dijumpai pada badan Perayu. [32] Terhadap keterangan SD3, kami tidak berlawanan pendapat dengan dapatan PK bahawa keterangan SD3 harus dinilai dengan kadar waspada yang tinggi dan dianggap tidak kredibel kerana SD3 telah menafikan bahawa pengakuan salahnya di bawah pertuduhan seksyen 12(2) ADB dibuat secara sukarela tetapi dalam keadaan terpaksa unuk mengelakkan pertuduhan bersama Perayu di bawah seksyen 39B ADB. Penafian ini langsung menyentuh kredibiliti SD3 sebagai saksi yang boleh dipercayai. Ini menyebabkan keterangan keterangan SD3 dilihat bermotifkan untuk menyokong versi pembelaan Perayu semata-mata bahawa barang dadah tidak dirampas dari beg merah yang disandang oleh Perayu. [33] Secara keseluruhannya, kami mendapati Perayu gagal membangkitkan isu bermerit yang dapat membangkitkan keraguan yang munasabah di dalam kes Pendakwaan yang mewajarkan Mahkamah ini mengganggu dapatan fakta Mahkamah perbicaraan. Terkait itu, kami tidak mendapati hujahan mengenai tiadanya keterangan DNA, cap jari dan rakaman CCTV membantu Rayuan ini. KESIMPULAN DAN KEPUTUSAN [34] Rayuan ini adalah contoh kes di mana versi kes Pendakwaan dan kes Pembelaan secara langsung bertentangan dalam fakta tangkapan dan rampasan barang dadah. Dalam keadaan itu, adalah menjadi tugas Mahkamah perbicaraan untuk mengimbangi penilaian 2 set keterangan dan membuat dapatan sama ada keterangan saksi Polis mengandungi percanggahan dan kebarangkalian tidak benar (inherent improbability). Jika tiada percanggahan dan kebarangkalian tidak benar di dalam keterangan itu, maka keterangan itu harus diterima sebagai boleh dipercayai. Rujukan dibuat kepada keputusan Mahkamah ini di dalam kes Liam Heng Boon v PP [2012] CLJU 1455; [2012] 5 MLJ 259 yang telah dirujukpakai di dalam keputusan lain Mahkamah ini juga di dalam kes Soo Ting Yu v PP [2024] CLJU 20; [2024] MLJU 13: “[29] The learned JC was perfectly entitled to choose either the prosecution's or defence narration of facts. In this regard, we refer to the decision of the Court of Appeal in Liam Heng Boon [2012] CLJU 1455; [2012] 1 LNS 1455 wherein it was observed: "Here was a case where the learned High Court Judge was confronted with two versions. On version from the prosecution and the other version was from the appellant. His Lordship preferred the prosecution's version and he made a finding that the appellant's version was not probable having viewed the Yamaha motorcycle himself and after considering the demonstration by the appellant of placing those exhibits in the compartment of the Yamaha motorcycle. Confronted with two divergent versions as to the recovery of the offending drugs, we recalled to mind the sage words of Thomson CJ in PP v. Mohamed Ali [1962] CLJU 129; [1962] 1 LNS 129; [1962] MLJ 257: When a police witness says something that is note inherently improbable his evidence must be in the first instance be accepted. If his evidence is contradicted by other evidence or it shaken by cross-examination the it becomes the business of the Magistrate to decide whether or not it should be accepted. In the absence of contradiction, however, and in the absence of any element of inherent probability the evidence of any witness, whether a police witness or not, who gives evidence on affirmation, should normally be accepted. [30] On the evidence, we saw no reason to disagree with the JC's assessment of the testimonies of PW6 and the appellant, especially since it was not demonstrated to us why PW6, a police officer attached to the Royal Malaysian Police and acting in his official capacity, should have had any cause to render an account of events completely different from that told by the appellant, unless his account were true. The defence, which the appellant had relied on, that Alex could have planted the drugs, did not cast any doubt on the truth of the evidence that the appellant had exclusive possession of room 307, and was also in possession of the black plastic and contents” [35] Kami berpendapat PK berhak untuk membuat penilaian sedemikian dan kami tidak mendapati terdapat kekhilafan yang mewajarkan campur tangan Mahkamah ini mengikut garispanduan yang telah ditetapkan di dalam kes Lai Kim Hon & Ors v PP [1980] CLJU 197; [1981] 1 MLJ 84 di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan telah memutuskan: "The principle of law governing appeals in criminal cases on questions of fact is well established, in that the Appeal Court will not interfere unless the balance of evidence is grossly against the Bagi pihak Perayu : 1. Ahmad Zaharil bin Muhaiyar