Used and quoted the “COO” (Chief Operations Officer) in the statement of the document without consulting or obtaining prior approval from the COO. Your action has affected the reputation of the COO as he did not authorize the statements or content of the document. (Terjemahan bebas: Telah menggunakan nama COO dalam penyataan Dokumen Komitmen tersebut tanpa meminta nasihat atau mendapatkan kelulusan COO. Tindakan ini telah menjejaskan reputasi COO kerana beliau tidak memberi kebenaran kepada penyataan atau kandungan dokumen tersebut.) [27] Melalui surat tunjuk sebab tersebut juga, P telah digantung tugas serta merta oleh R2 bagi membolehkan siasatan dan inkuiri dijalankan jika perlu. [28] P kemudiannya telah menjawab surat tunjuk sebab tersebut melalui suratnya bertarikh 14.09.2018. Surat jawapan tersebut mengandungi penjelasan panjang lebar P mengenai tujuan P menyediakan Dokumen Komitmen tersebut iaitu atas dasar niat baik dan untuk faedah R2 juga dalam pelaksanaan Projek Pembentungan Langat. Selain itu, turut dinyatakan oleh P bahawa Dokumen Komitmen tersebut hanya diedarkan kepada kakitangan selepas P berbincang dengan Timbalan Pengarah Projek Pembentungan Langat iaitu En. Zulkarnain Bin Yaakub dan En. Azian sendiri selaku Pengurus Sumber Manusia dan Pentadbiran MMC PLSB. [29] Segala penjelasan P dalam surat jawapannya yang tersebut telah ditolak oleh R2. Selain itu, R2 juga mengambil pendirian bahawa memandangkan P tidak mempertikaikan intipati pertuduhan bahawa P telah menyediakan Dokumen Komitmen tersebut tanpa prosedur sepatutnya dan tanpa pengetahuan atau kebenaran COO, maka tiada keperluan untuk R1 menjalankan Inkuiri Disiplin (Disciplinary Inquiry) untuk menjalankan siasatan lanjut terhadap perkara pertuduhan-pertuduhan tersebut. [30] Pada 01.10.2018, R2 telah memutuskan untuk menarik balik tawaran kontrak sambungan yang sebelum itu telahpun diterima oleh P dan seterusnya telah menamatkan perkhidmatan P dengan R2 berkuatkuasa pada tarikh tamatnya tempoh kontrak asal P dengan R2 iaitu pada 03.10.2018. [31] Berikutan itu, P mendakwa penamatan perkhidmatannya dibuat secara salah dan memfailkan representasi di bawah s.20 Industrial Relations Act 1967 (“IRA”) di mana tuntutannya kemudian telah didengar oleh R1. Seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini, keputusan R1 pada 01.08.2022 telah memihak kepada R2, sayugia permohonan semakan kehakiman ini oleh P. Prinsip-prinsip asas semakan kehakiman [32] Prinsip asas undang-undang berhubung perkara berkaitan semakan kehakiman secara amnya adalah seperti mana yang diputuskan dalam kes T. Ganeswaran v Suruhanjaya Polis DiRaja Malaysia & 1 lagi [2005] 3 CLJ 302 yang memetik kes Chief Constable of North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 ALL ER 141 (House of Lords) yang menyatakan seperti berikut: - “Judicial review is not an appeal from a decision but a review of the manner in which the decision was made, and, therefore the court is not entitled on an application for judicial review to consider whether the decision itself was fair and reasonable. Judicial review is concerned, not with the decision, but with the decision-making process. Unless the restriction on the power of the court is observed, the court will in my view under the guise of preventing the abuse of power, be itself guilty of usurping power.” [33] Perbezaan bidangkuasa semakan kehakiman dan bidangkuasa rayuan Mahkamah ini adalah seperti mana yang dinyatakan oleh Mahkamah Agung (ketika itu) di dalam kes Harpers Trading (M) Sdn Bhd v National Union of Commercial Workers [1991] 2 CLJ 881 iaitu seperti berikut: - “At the hearing of this appeal, we drew at the earliest opportunity the attention of counsel for the appellant while submitting his arguments on the first three grounds that the High Court was not concerned with an appeal but with judicial review by way of certiorari as we felt that counsel was really engaged in arguing the appeal on the merits of the trade dispute. We invited counsel to address us on why certiorari should be granted to the appellant instead of making his submission on the question of erroneous finding of the Industrial Court on the facts as it found them. It seems to us that it should be treated as trite law that judicial review is not an appeal from a decision but a review of the manner in which the decision was made and the High Court is not entitled on an application for judicial review to consider whether the decision itself, on the merits of the facts, was fair and reasonable. There is no dearth of authorities on this proposition - Tan Hin Jin & Anor v. Prabhulal G Doshi [1971] 1 LNS 138;[1971] 1 MLJ 274 per Azmi LP at p. 275 quoting Morris LJ in R v. Northumberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal, ex p Shaw [1952] 1 KB 338 at p. 357; Minister of Labour and Manpower & Anor v. Paterson Candy (M) Sdn Bhd [1980] 1 LNS 46; [1980] 2 MLJ 122 per Chang Min Tat FJ at p. 125; Hotel Equatorial (M) Sdn Bhd v. National Union of Hotel, Bar and Restaurant Workers [1984] 1 CLJ Rep 155; [1984] 1 MLJ 363 per Seah FJ at p. 368 and Goon Kwee Phoy v. J & P Coats (M) Bhd [1981] 1 LNS 30; [1981] 2 MLJ 129 per Raja Azlan Shah CJ (Malaya) (as he then was) at p. paras A-C in the right hand column.” [34] Selanjutnya, adalah undang-undang mantap bahawa tumpuan utama semakan kehakiman terhadap sesuatu keputusan badan awam yang disangkal secara ringkasnya adalah sama ada terdapatnya ketidakabsahan (“illegality”), ketidakmunasabahan (“irrationality”), ketidakpatuhan prosedur (“procedural impropriety”) atau ketidakberkadaran (“proportionality”) oleh pihak pembuat keputusan dalam mencapai keputusannya yang tersebut. [35] Maksud ‘illegality, irrationality, procedural impropriety’ dan ‘proportionality’ adalah sebagai mana dijelaskan oleh Mahkamah Persekutuan di dalam kes R Rama Chandran v Industrial Court of Malaysia & Anor [1997] 1 MLJ 145 yang juga memetik keputusan kes Council of Civil Service Unions & Ors v. Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374 (“CCSU”) seperti berikut: - “It is often said that Judicial Review is concerned not with the decision but the decision-making process. (See eg, Chief Constable of North Wales Police v. Evans[1982] 1 WLR 1155). This proposition, at full face value, may well convey the impression that the jurisdiction of the courts in Judicial Review proceedings is confined to cases where the aggrieved party has not received fair treatment by the authority to which he has been subjected. Put differently, in the words of Lord Diplock in Council of Civil Service Unions & Ors v. Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374, where the impugned decision is flawed on the ground of procedural impropriety. But Lord Diplock's other grounds for impugning a decision susceptible to Judicial Review make it abundantly clear that such a decision is also open to challenge on grounds of "illegality" and "irrationality" and, in practice, this permits the courts to scrutinise such decisions not only for process, but also for substance. In this context, it is useful to note how Lord Diplock (at pp. 410-411) defined the three grounds of review, to wit, (i) illegality, (ii) irrationality, and (iii) procedural impropriety. This is how he put it: By "illegality" as a ground for Judicial Review I mean that the decision maker must understand directly the law that regulates his decision-making power and must give effect to it. Whether he has or not is par excellence a justiciable question to be decided, in the event of a dispute, by those persons, the judges, by whom the judicial power of the state is exercisable. By "irrationality" I mean what can by now be succinctly referred to as "Wednesbury unreasonableness" (see Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corp [1948] 1 KB 223). It applies to a decision which is so outrageous in its defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it. Whether a decision falls within this category is a question that judges by their training and experience should be well equipped to answer, or else there would be something badly wrong with our judicial system. To justify the courts' exercise of this role, resort I think is today no longer needed to Viscount Radcliffe's ingenious explanation in Edwards v. Bairstow [1956] AC 14, of irrationality as a ground for a court's reversal of a decision by ascribing it to an inferred though undefinable mistake of law by the decision maker. "Irrationality" by now can stand on its own feet as an accepted ground on which a decision may be attacked by Judicial Review. I have described the third head as "procedural impropriety" rather than failure to observe basic rules of natural justice or failing to act with procedural fairness towards the person who will be affected by the decision. This is because susceptibility to Judicial Review under this head covers also failure by an administrative tribunal to observe procedural rules that are expressly laid down in the legislative instrument by which its jurisdiction is conferred, even where such failure does not involve any denial of natural justice. Lord Diplock also mentioned "proportionality" as a possible fourth ground of review which called for development.” [36] Selanjutnya, bagi perkara-perkara berkaitan ketidak munasabahan (irrationality), ia berasal dari prinsip ‘unreasonable’ yang dipelopori oleh House of Lords di dalam kes Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corp [1948] 1 KB 223. Dalam kes Wednesbury, terdapat dua (2) kategori ‘unreasonable’ yang dirumuskan iaitu satunya apabila badan awam gagal mengambil pertimbangan perkara-perkara relevan atau telah mengambil pertimbangan perkara-perkara tidak relevan dalam keputusannya, atau keduanya apabila keputusan tersebut adalah perverse iaitu menyanggahi norma pemikiran mana-mana orang biasa dalam menilai fakta-fakta yang sama. [37] Dalam era yang lebih terkini, sungguh pun bidang kausa semakan kehakiman dan bidang kuasa rayuan yang dilaksanakan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi adalah berbeza dari segi prinsip asasnya, Mahkamah di Malaysia menunjukkan kesediaan untuk menyemak bukan sahaja proses-proses membuat keputusan malahan merit keputusan itu sendiri sekiranya didapati wajar untuk berbuat demikian (rujuk kembali R Rama Chandran v Industrial Court of Malaysia & Anor [1997] 1 MLJ 145). [38] Sungguh pun demikian, masih terdapat keperluan untuk Mahkamah ini mengambil sikap berhati-hati dalam menyemak keputusan R1 supaya karektor permohonan semakan kehakiman yang difailkan oleh P di sini tidak disamakan dengan prosiding rayuan terhadap keputusan R1. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah ini mengambil panduan yang diberikan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Ng Chang Seng v Technip Geoproduction (M) Sdn Bhd [2021] 1 MLJ 447 yang menyatakan seperti berikut: - “[32] Whilst a review may be akin to an appeal, it is not to be equated with an appeal and the dividing line between a review and an appeal is distinctly different. A review may come close to resemble an appeal only when the decision of the tribunal cannot be justified at all, infected as it is with illegality, irrationality, procedural impropriety or proportionality. Otherwise the court in exercising its review jurisdiction which is of a supervisory nature would defer to finding of facts of the tribunal.” [39] Selain itu, Mahkamah juga akur dengan kedudukan undang-undang matan bahawa semakan kehakiman tidak boleh dijadikan sebagai alat untuk menjustifikasikan satu ubahan dapatan fakta seperti mana dalam prosiding rayuan biasa. Rujuk kes William Jacks & Co