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DALAM MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET JENAYAH 2, TRAFIK DAN SAMAN JABATAN GEORGETOWN DALAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG NO. KES: PA-82D-3-01/2022 ANTARA PENDAKWA RAYA LAWAN MOHD FHADLI BIN MHD ROSDI ALASAN PENGHAKIMAN (di akhir kes pembelaan)
PA-82D-3-01/2022
Magistrates Court of Malaysia8 Aug 2025
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“. To earn an acquittal at the close of **Note : Serial number will be used to verify the originality of this document via eFILING portal the case for the prosecution under s. 173(f) or s. 180 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the Court must be satisfied that no case against the accused has been made out which if unrebutt”
“ed which was reasonably opened to him. Thus justice has been miscarried — commonly called "miscarriage of justice". Justice is justice in accordance with law as enshrined in Arts 5(1) and 8(1) of the Federal Constitution. The High Court case of Australia in Mraz v. The Queen [1955] 93 CLR 493 was referred to by Gopal S”
“22. Mahkamah di dalam hal ini merujuk kes Noor Shariful bin Noor Zawawi v PP [2017] MLRAU 83, dimana pemerhatian sebagaimana yang berikut telah dibuat; “[49] On the facts of this case, a constitutionally guaranteed right of the appellant had been transgressed. Gopal Sri Ram FCJ in Lee Kwan W”
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DALAM MAHKAMAH MAJISTRET JENAYAH 2, TRAFIK DAN SAMAN JABATAN GEORGETOWN DALAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG NO. KES: PA-82D-3-01/2022 ANTARA PENDAKWA RAYA LAWAN MOHD FHADLI BIN MHD ROSDI ALASAN PENGHAKIMAN (di akhir kes pembelaan)
1
PENGENALAN OKT didalam kes ini telah dituduh dengan pertuduhan di bawah Seksyen 15(1)(a) Akta Dadah Berbahaya sebagaimana yang berikut; “BAHAWA KAMU PADA 20/11/2019 JAM LEBIH KURANG 1745 HRS BERTEMPAT DI JABATAN KECEMASAN HOSPITAL PULAU PINANG , DALAM DAERAH TIMUR LAUT , DALAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG , DIDAPATI TELAH MEMBERIKAN DIRI KAMU SENDIRI DADAH BERBAHAYA IAITU “METHAMPHETAMINE” DAN DENGAN ITU KAMU TELAH MELAKUKAN SUATU KESALAHAN DIBAWAH SEKSYEN 15 (1) (a) AKTA DADAH BERBAHAYA 1952 YANG BOLEH DI HUKUM DIBAWAH SEKSYEN 15(1) AKTA YANG SAMA.”
2
OKT telah memohon untuk dibicarakan dan diakhir kes pendakwaan Puan Majistret Terpelajar telah melepaskan dan membebaskan OKT.
3
Pihak pendakwaan telah membuat rayuan berkenaan perintah lepas bebas tersebut dan rayuan tersebut kemudiannya telah dibenarkan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi yang mana OKT telah diperintahkan untuk membela diri dan kes dikembalikan untuk didengar di Mahkamah Majistret Jenayah 2 Georgetown.
4
Memandangkan Puan Majistret Terpelajar terdahulu telah berpindah ke Jabatan Peguam Negara, maka Mahkamah ini meneruskan pendengaran peringkat pembelaan kes ini.
5
Di dalam kes ini adalah jelas bahawa dapatan Mahkamah Tinggi adalah berbeza dengan dapatan yang dibuat oleh Puan Majistret Terdahulu apabila Mahkamah Tinggi memutuskan bahawa satu kes prima facie telah dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan. Oleh itu, dalam keadaan ini Mahkamah bicara mengingatkan diri berkenaan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh satu mahkamah bicara apabila satu mahkamah rayuan memutuskan bahawa satu kes prima facie berjaya dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan selepas rayuan dibuat. Mahkamah dalam hal ini telah merujuk kepada kes Mahkamah Rayuan Ouseng Sama-Ae v Public Prosecutor [2011] 4 MLJ 756 yang mana telah diputuskan seperti yang berikut: - “It is elementary that once the Court of Appeal (in the earlier appeal) had overruled the findings and rulings of the learned trial judge made at the close of the case for the prosecution … whatever findings and rulings of the learned trial judge expressed earlier at the close of the prosecution stage, to the extent that they had been expressly or impliedly contradicted or overruled by the Court of Appeal, as a matter of law, are now no longer of any significance when he proceeded to hear the defence; and he must at the continued hearing stage discard those findings and rulings that he had earlier made. He (as well as the parties before him) must now have due regard to the findings and rulings of the Court of Appeal as if those findings and rulings of the Court of Appeal had been made by the learned trial judge himself at the close of the case for the prosecution.”
6
Manakala, didalam kes Azmi bin Osman v Public Prosecutor and another appeal [2016] 3 MLJ 98, Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi pertama telah mengakaskan dapatan Hakim Mahkamah Rendah dan memanggil OKT untuk membela diri pada akhir kes pendakwaan. Pada akhir kes pembelaan, Mahkamah Rayuan telah menerangkan tugas mahkamah di peringkat pembelaan apabila dapatan mahkamah bicara telah diakaskan dan OKT dipanggil untuk membela diri oleh Mahkamah Tinggi sebagaimana berikut; “The role of (the court) is only limited to see whether the defence evidence as led has succeeded in creating a reasonable doubt in the prima facie case as found by the HCJ1 on appeal by the prosecution.”
7
Oleh itu, memandangkan dalam kes ini, HMT telah memutuskan bahawa pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan satu kes prima facie dan memanggil OKT untuk membela diri, maka dapatan mahkamah ini pada akhir kes pendakwaan tidak lagi signifikan. Sehubungan dengan itu, jelas tugas mahkamah ini hanyalah setakat menilai sama ada kes pembelaan berjaya mewujudkan suatu keraguan yang munasabah atau tidak. Keraguan yang munasabah telah diterangkan melalui kes Public Prosecutor v. Saimin & Ors [1971] 1 LNS 115 yang menyatakan: “It has again been said that "reasonable doubt' is the doubt which makes you hesitate as to the correctness of the conclusion which you reach. If under your oaths and upon your consciences, after you have fully investigated the evidence and compared it in all its parts, you say to yourself I doubt if he is guilty, then it is a reasonable doubt. It is a doubt which settles in your judgment and finds a resting place there.' Or as sometimes said, it must be a doubt so solemn and substantial as to produce in the minds of the jurors some uncertainty as to the verdict to be given. A reasonable doubt must be a doubt arising from the evidence or want of evidence and cannot be an imaginary doubt or conjecture unrelated to evidence.”
8
Manakala di dalam kes Mohamad Radhi Yaakob v. Public Prosecutor [1991] 1 CLJ Rep 311 telah menerangkan bahawa tugas pihak pembelaan adalah untuk membangkitkan keraguan munasabah sebagaimana berikut; “It is a well established principle of Malaysian criminal law that the general burden of proof lies throughout the trial on the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt the guilt of the accused for the offence with which he is charged. There is no similar burden placed on the accused to prove his innocence. He is presumed innocent until proven guilty. To earn an acquittal, his duty is merely to cast a reasonable doubt in the prosecution case. In the course of the prosecution case, the prosecution may of course rely on available statutory presumptions to prove one or more of the essential ingredients of the charge. When that occurs, the particular burden of proof as opposed to the general burden, shifts to the defence to rebut such presumptions on the balance of probabilities which from the defence point of view is heavier than the burden of casting a reasonable doubt, but it is certainly lighter than the burden of the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt. To earn an acquittal at the close of the case for the prosecution under s. 173(f) or s. 180 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the Court must be satisfied that no case against the accused has been made out which if unrebutted would warrant his conviction (Munusamy v. PP [1936] 1 LNS 32. If defence is called, the duty of the accused is only to cast a reasonable doubt in the prosecution case. He is not required to prove his innocence beyond reasonable doubt. To earn an acquittal, the Court may not be convinced of the truth of the defence story or version. Raising a reasonable doubt in the guilt of the accused will suffice. It is not, however, wrong for the Court to be convinced that the defence version is true, in which case the Court must order an acquittal. In appropriate cases it is also not wrong for the Court to conclude that the defence story is false or not convincing, but in that instance, the Court must not convict until it asks a further question that even if the Court does not accept or believe the defence explanation, does it nevertheless, raise a reasonable doubt as to his guilt? It is for this reason that in dealing with the defence story or explanation, the majority of Judges rightly prefer to adopt straight away the legally established "reasonable doubt" test, rather than to delve in the "believable and convincing" test before applying the "reasonable doubt" test.”
9
Mahkamah pada peringkat ini tidak akan menilai semula isu sama ada suatu kes prima facie telah dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan memandangkan ianya telah pun diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi semasa rayuan terhadap kes ini dibuat. Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Manimaran a/l Amas v Public Prosecutor and other appeals [2015] 1 MLJ 18 yang mana telah dinyatakan; “[23] Whilst the appellants may, when an appeal is pursued further at the Federal Court, argue that the Court of Appeal erred in calling upon the appellants to enter on their defence, we, on our part were in no position to review the said decision of the previous panel of the Court of Appeal. The instant appeal, in our view, should focus on whether the defence had raised a reasonable doubt on the prosecution case. [24] We were mindful of the provision of s 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code which requires the court to consider all the evidence at the conclusion of the trial. This exercise would necessarily entail the consideration of the defence in the light of the prosecution’s case as had been made clear by the Federal Court in the case of Public Prosecutor v Mohd Radzi bin Abu Bakar [2005] 6 MLJ 393 where it is stated thus: If the court, upon a maximum evaluation of the evidence placed before it at the close of the prosecution case, comes to a conclusion that a prima facie case has not been made out, it should acquit the accused. If, on the other hand, the court after conducting a maximum evaluation of the evidence comes to the conclusion that a prima facie case has been made out, it must call for the defence. If the accused then elects to remain silent, the court must proceed to convict him. It is not open to the court to then re-assess the evidence and to determine whether the prosecution had established its case beyond reasonable doubt. The absence of any evidence from the accused that casts a reasonable doubt on the prosecution’s case renders the prima facie case one that is established beyond reasonable doubt. ... [25] In the instant appeal, since all the appellants were called upon by the Court of Appeal to enter on their defence, it must necessarily mean that the Court of Appeal was satisfied that the prosecution had proved all the ingredients of the charge, including the element of common intention, before concluding that a prima facie case had been made out by the prosecution. There was therefore no necessity for us to revisit the issues on whether a prima facie case had been made out. What we need to consider was whether the evidence from the defence had cast a reasonable doubt on the prosecution’s case.”
10
Maka, tugas Mahkamah ini adalah untuk menentukan sama ada suatu keraguan munasabah telah dibangkitkan oleh pihak pembelaan dan tidak menilai semula isu sama ada satu kes prima facie telah dibuktikan.
11
Mahkamah ini percaya bahawa rantaian keterangan berkenaan botol urine tidak lagi menjadi isu kerana perkara ini telah diputuskan oleh mahkamah tinggi. Sekiranya rantaian keterangan melibatkan barang kes menjadi isu, semestinya perintah lepas bebas yang diberikan majistret terdahulu akan dikekalkan, namun sebaliknya okt telah diperintahkan untuk membela diri.
12
Walaubagaimanapun, pada peringkat ini pihak pembelaan masih berpeluang untuk membangkitkan suatu keraguan munasabah terhadap kes pendakwaan pada peringkat bela diri ini.
13
Pada peringkat pembelaan, hanya satu saksi iaitu OKT sahaja yang dipanggil untuk memberikan keterangan sebagai SD1. Keterangan OKT adalah sebagaimana yang berikut; i. OKT sebelum ditangkap merupakan seorang anggota polis yang berpangkat Koperal dan bertugas di Balai Polis Jalan Patani. OKT telah mula berkhidmat dalam pasukan PDRM sejak tahun 2007. ii. Pada tarikh 20/11/2019, OKT sedang bertugas sebagai peronda patrol motosikal, yang ditugaskan dari jam 3 petang hingga jam 11 malam. iii. Ketika itu satu taklimat tugasan oleh sarjan penyeliaan pada jam lebih kurang 3.30 petang. OKT dan empat anggota lain kemudian diarahkan untuk jalani satu ujian saringan awal air kencing dibawah Skim Kawalan Disiplin dan Dadah (SKDD). iv. Dalam ujian SKDD tersebut, OKT dan anggota lain diberikan botol urin untuk dimasukkan air kencing. Setelah kencing, kesemua botol diletakkan di atas meja standby untuk ujian saringan. OKT kemudian hanya dimaklumkan keputusan ujian. v. OKT telah dimaklumkan bahawa ujian saringan SKDD beliau adalah positif dadah jenis Amphetamine dan Methamphetamine. Ujian saringan seorang lagi anggota anggota bernama Mohd Zulkhairee turut positif dadah. Namun, hanya OKT sahaja dibawa ke Hospital Besar Pulau Pinang untuk dijalankan satu lagi ujian saringan awal air kencing. vi. OKT kemudian telah pergi ke Hospital Besar Pulau Pinang dengan diiringi oleh dua orang anggota polis bernama Lawrence dan Lim. Ketika itu OKT adalah tidak bergari. vii. Semasa tiba di Hospital Besar Pulau Pinang jam lebih kurang 5 petang, OKT telah pergi ke bahagian Zon Kuning. Zon kuning adalah tempat terbuka dan OKT lihat ketika itu dipenuhi orang ramai dan juga kakitangan hospital. viii. Ketika menunggu di ruang Zon Kuning, OKT lihat anggota polis bernama Lawrence dan Lim membuat pendaftaran. OKT tidak nampak Inspektor Mohd Yusof SP2 di sana ketika itu. ix. Setelah selesai pendaftaran dibuat, OKT telah diiringi untuk ke tandas di Zon Kuning untuk memberikan sampel air kencing. Jarak antara tandas dan Zon Kuning dalam anggaran 10 meter. x. Semasa di tandas di Zon Kuning, turut ada bersama anggota Polis Lawrence dan Lim, seorang Doktor, dan seorang Houseman. Lawrence telah koyakkan plastik dan berikan satu botol urin lutsinar tiada sebarang label untuk OKT masukkan air kencing ke dalam botol tersebut. xi. OKT telah kencing di dalam botol tersebut. Semasa kencing, tiada orang yang dapat melihat OKT kencing kerana berada membelakangi OKT. OKT kemudian telah kencing dalam botol yang mana isi kandungan penuh sehingga melimpah terkena tangannya. xii. OKT telah berikan botol berisi penuh air kencing tersebut yang masih tidak bertutup kepada Lawrence dan botol dibawa keluar dari tandas. OKT kemudian mencuci tangannya di singki dalam tandas tersebut, xiii. Ketika mencuci tangan, ada OKT, anggota polis bernama Lim dan seorang Houseman. Pintu tandas tertutup. Setelah buka pintu, OKT lihat Lawrence dan Doktor telah berada di meja tempat pengujian di Zon Kuning. xiv. OKT kemudian bergerak ke aras tempat pengujian di Zon Kuning tersebut dan diarahkan oleh Lawrence untuk duduk di satu sudut di kerusi berdekatan dengan tiang. OKT tidak dapat lihat ujian saringan yang dijalankan ke atas botol urinnya. xv. OKT kemudian dimaklumkan oleh Lawrence bahawa ujian saringan air kencing beliau telah positif Amphetamine dan Methamphetamine. OKT kemudian digari dan dibawa pulang ke Bahagian Narkotik IPD Timur Laut untuk proses tahanan reman.
14
Mahkamah di akhir kes pembelaan ini dipimpin duluan kehakiman sebagaimana yang diputuskan Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes Chai Tee Keiong v Pendakwaraya [2013] 1 LNS 975 yang menyatakan bahawa keterangan bersumpah OKT perlu dipertimbangkan walau selemah manapun ia sebagaimana yang berikut; “[45] The defence of an accused person must be considered and adequately appreciated by the trial Court no matter how weak the defence is. A mere statement from the dock or a sworn testimony cannot be swept under the carpet, so to speak, or left without due consideration by the trial Court. It is a grave mistake not to consider the defence and such omission is an appealable error. [46] Snippets of the views of learned judges on this aspect of the non consideration of the defence version will now be reproduced. In Er Ah Kiat v. Public Prosecutor [1965] 1 LNS 136; [1965] 2 MLJ 238, FC, Wylie CJ (Borneo) had this to say at page 239: "As it was the only defence put forward, the position is that the defence has not been considered at all. In accordance with established principles a conviction so arrived at cannot stand. Consequently this appeal must be allowed, the conviction and sentence set aside and a new trial ordered." [47] Ismail Khan J (later CJ Borneo) in Balasingham v. Public Prosecutor [1959] 1 LNS 8; [1959] 25 MLJ 193, said at page 194: "There was therefore a direct conflict of evidence and a serious defence cannot be summarily dismissed as an improbable story without adequate reasons for such a conclusion......" [48] Shaik Daud JCA speaking for the Federal Court in Ganapathy a/l Rengasamy v. Public Prosecutor [1998] 2 CLJ 1; [1998] 2 MLJ 577, aptly said at page 585: "Where the law casts the onus of giving an explanation upon an accused person, and the explanation is given, which is consistent with innocence, the court is duty bound to consider whether it might reasonably be true, although not convinced of its truth." [49] Dyer J in R v. Emmanuel [1998] Crim LR 347, succinctly said at page 347: "This may not have been a strong defence, it may have been a weak defence, but in our view that does not excuse the fact that it was not left to the jury's consideration. In all those circumstances it must follow that this conviction is unsafe and it must be quashed." ISU SAMA ADA KETERANGAN OKT TERJUMLAH KEPADA
15
Pihak pendakwaan berhujah bahawa keterangan OKT pada peringkat pembelaan adalah suatu pemikiran terkemudian (‘afterthought’). Walaupun kes peringkat pendakwaan telah diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi, namun Mahkamah ini perlu menyemak semula keterangan-keterangan di peringkat pendakwaan dan mendapati bahawa isu-isu yang dibangkitkan oleh OKT pada peringkat pembelaan telah dibangkitkan kepada saksi-saksi pendakwaan iaitu SP2, SP3, SP4 dan SP7 ketika kes pendakwaan berjalan. Isu berkaitan jumlah kandungan air kencing didalam ekshibit dan juga tandatangan pada label pelekat pada botol urine juga telah dibangkitkan.
16
Maka, mahkamah ini mendapati bahawa keterangan OKT bukanlah suatu pemikiran terkemudian sebagaimana dicadangkan oleh pihak Pendakwaan sebaliknya ia telah diletakkan pada peringkat seawal mungkin di peringkat pendakwaan.
17
Apabila Mahkamah Tinggi memutuskan bahawa OKT dipanggil untuk membela diri, OKT telah memilih untuk memberikan keterangan secara bersumpah. Pada peringkat ini OKT berhak untuk merujuk dan mendapatkan akses terhadap kesemua barang kes yang telah ditandakan oleh Mahkamah sepanjang kes pendakwaan dalam keterangannya pada peringkat pembelaan.
18
Di akhir kes pendakwaan, setelah Puan Majistret terdahulu melepas dan membebaskan OKT, ekshibit fizikal seperti SP6 telah dikembalikan kepada pihak pendakwaan. Pihak pendakwaan kemudiannya telah merayu terhadap keputusan tersebut dan rayuan telah dibenarkan. Maka, ekshibit yang telah dikembalikan perlu dirujuk semula setelah perintah bela diri dibuat. Ekshibit-ekshibit ini sepatutnya disimpan selamat oleh pihak pendakwaan selagimana kes belum dilupuskan terutamanya apabila kes masih dalam proses rayuan.
19
Namun, setelah kes disebut semula Mahkamah ini telah dimaklumkan bahawa Ekshibit P6 perlu dikesan keberadaannya. Mahkamah setelah dimaklumkan berkenaan isu ketiadaan ekshibit P6 tersebut telah menangguhkan kes beberapa kali bagi membolehkan pihak pendakwaan mendapatkan semula ekshibit P6 tersebut untuk dirujuk dalam peringkat pembelaan. Walaubagaimanapun, sehingga kes pembelaan ditutup Ekshibit P6 masih tidak ditemukan dan tiada sebarang penjelasan diberikan oleh Pendakwaan berkenaan keberadaan ekshibit tersebut.
20
Mahkamah ini juga terpaksa meneruskan perbicaraan kes peringkat pembelaan tanpa Ekshibit P6, kerana adalah tidak adil untuk OKT untuk terus menunggu nasibnya setelah beberapa kali kes ditangguhkan kerana isu ketiadaan Ekshibit P6 ini.
21
Mahkamah ini mendapati bahawa adalah tidak selamat untuk mensabitkan OKT dengan kesalahan sebagaimana pertuduhan dalam keadaan mana OKT dinafikan hak dalam mengemukakan pembelaannya sepenuhnya akibat dari kecuaian pihak pendakwaan. SP6 telah pun dirujuk oleh saksi-saksi pendakwaan dan peluang yang sama perlu diberikan kepada OKT semasa peringkat pembelaannya. Ianya adalah tidak adil terhadap OKT dan akan menyebabkan miscarriage of justice sekiranya sabitan dibuat.
22
Mahkamah di dalam hal ini merujuk kes Noor Shariful bin Noor Zawawi v PP [2017] MLRAU 83, dimana pemerhatian sebagaimana yang berikut telah dibuat; “[49] On the facts of this case, a constitutionally guaranteed right of the appellant had been transgressed. Gopal Sri Ram FCJ in Lee Kwan Woh, supra said inter alia that an accused person in a criminal trial is entitled to a fair trial. Any breach of his constitutional guaranteed right entitled him to be set free. "Whether an impugned state action is substantively or procedurally fair must depend on the fact pattern of each case. However, when the principle is applied to a criminal case, what it means is that an accused has a constitutionally guaranteed rights to receive a fair trial by an impartial tribunal and to have a just decision on the facts. If there is an infraction of these rights, the accused is entitled to an acquittal." [50] The appellant was deprived of the procedural law which gives him of the right of a second test — confirmation test. The Magistrate and learned JC, by ruling that one bottle of the appellant's urine sample was sufficient, was contrary to the IGSO F103 and the KKM Guidelines Bilangan 6/2002. The appellant, accordingly, did not have a fair trial and Arts 5(1) and 8(1) were violated. The appellant did not get what the procedural law said he should get. He had lost a chance of being acquitted which was reasonably opened to him. Thus justice has been miscarried — commonly called "miscarriage of justice". Justice is justice in accordance with law as enshrined in Arts 5(1) and 8(1) of the Federal Constitution. The High Court case of Australia in Mraz v. The Queen [1955] 93 CLR 493 was referred to by Gopal Sri Ram FCJ in Lee Kwan Woh, supra, where Fullagar J said at p 514 in the following terms: "...every accused person is entitled to a trial in which the relevant law is correctly explained to the jury and the rules of procedures and evidence are strictly followed. If there is any failure in any of these respects, and the appellant may thereby have lost a chance which was fairly opened to him of being acquitted, there is, in the eye of the law, a miscarriage of justice. Justice has miscarried in such cases, because the appellant has not had what the law says that he shall have, and justice is justice according to law" (emphasis is ours)”
23
Ekshibit P6 ini merupakan antara keterangan utama dan menjadi asas perrtuduhan dalam kes melibatkan Seksyen 15(1) (a) Akta Dadah Berbahaya. Didalam kes ini keraguan timbul apabila keberadaan Ekshibit P6 tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh pihak Pendakwaan sedangkan OKT bersedia dan perlu merujuk keshibit tersebut dalam keterangannya. Apatah lagi, Mahkamah ini sendiri tidak berpeluang untuk melihat dan meneliti sendiri Ekshibit P6 yang sebelum ini dikemukakan di hadapan Puan Majistret terdahulu. Dalam keadaan ini, kegagalan pihak pendakwaan dalam memastikan Ekshibit yang telah dikembalikan sebelum proses rayuan berada dalam keadaan baik telah menyebabkan hak OKT untuk mendapatkan perbicaraan yang adil diprejudiskan. ISU SAMA ADA ESKHIBIT P7(A-H) MENCUKUPI UNTUK
24
Pihak Pendakwaan juga berhujah bahawa Gambar Botol Urin iaitu Ekshibit P7(A-H) telah dirujuk kepada OKT. Namun Mahkamah ini berpandangan bahawa ianya tidak memadai untuk menggantikan botol urin asal iaitu Ekshibit P6. Ketiadaan Ekshibit P6 ini menyebabkan Mahkamah ini sendiri tidak berpeluang untuk melihat keadaan fizikal botol tersebut untuk membaca dan meneliti label secara menyeluruh terutamanya melibatkan butiran dan tandatangan pada label yang mana isu berkaitan hal ini telah dibangkitkan oleh pihak pembelaan.
25
Malahan, OKT tidak seharusnya dibebankan atas kecuaian pihak pendakwaan dalam memelihara status ekshibit-ekshibit yang telah dikembalikan sebelum proses rayuan bermula. Bilamana saksi- saksi pendakwaan telah dirujuk dengan ekshibit P6 secara fizikal, maka OKT juga perlu diberikan peluang sama sewaktu kes pendakwaan. Apabila peluang yang sama tidak diberikan, OKT secara nyata diprejudiskan dan keadaan ini memerlukan Mahkamah berpihak kepada OKT supaya tidak berlaku miscarriage of justice.
26
Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada duluan hakiman mengjkat PP v. Ishak Hj Shaari & Ors [2003] 3 CLJ 843 dimana telah digariskan panduan untuk menentukan sama ada telah berlaku failure of justice dalam sesuatu kes sebagaimana yang berikut; "In our view, having regard to the aforesaid object of the CPC, the issue whether or not the misdirection has occasioned a failure of justice can be resolved by seeking answers to certain corollary questions, namely, did the accused have a fair trial, did he know what he was being tried for and whether the allegations and facts were explained to him fairly and clearly and whether he was given a full and fair chance to defend himself? If the answers are in the affirmative, the only conclusion is that there has been no prejudice and failure of justice. If the answers are in the negative, the trial must necessarily be treated as vitiated. If there exists a reasonable doubt regarding the answers, the benefit of doubt must be given to the accused..."
27
Berbalik kepada kes di hadapan Mahkamah ini, adalah jelas bahawa ketiadaan Ekshibit P6 untuk dirujuk oleh OKT semasa memberikan keterangannya telah menafikan suatu perbicaraan yang adil terhadap OKT. Ketiadaan Ekshibit P6 juga menyebabkan OKT tidak mendapat ruang dan peluang sepenuhnya serta seadilnya untuk membela diri. Maka, sekiranya sabitan dibuat ia akan terjumlah kepada suatu ketidakadilan akibat kecuaian pendakwaan.
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Oleh yang demikian, berdasarkan alasan sebagaimana dinyatakan Mahkamah melepaskan dan membebaskan OKT di akhir kes pembelaan. Disediakan oleh: Mohamad Azlan bin Basri
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