Plaintif membayar kepada Defendan kerugian akibat pembatalan tawaran urusan jual beli Lot 5604 tersebut sebanyak RM700,000.00. [18] Semasa perbicaraan penuh dijalankan, Plaintif sendiri memberi keterangan bagi pihaknya manakala Defendan dan Mohd Razib bin Abdul Majid (abang kepada Defendan) memberi keterangan bagi pihak Defendan. Sama ada Defendan memegang Lot 5604 dan Banglo sebagai pemegang amanah bagi pihak Plaintif [19] Defendan dalam hujahnya menafikan bahawa beliau memegang Lot 5604 dan Banglo sebagai pemegang amanah bagi pihak Plaintif. Sebaliknya Defendan mendakwa bahawa kedua-dua harta tersebut adalah miliknya yang sah berdasarkan kepada pendaftaran dalam dokumen hakmilik. Dalam dokumen hakmilik, Lot 5604 didaftar atas nama Defendan manakala Banglo pula terletak atas Lot 5604. [20] Dalam menentukan sama ada Lot 5604 merupakan amanah atau pemberian, saya bersetuju dengan hujah Plaintif bahawa mahkamah ini perlu melihat kepada fakta dan keterangan yang dikemukakan. Dalam kes Heng Gek Kiau v. Goh Koon Suan [2007] 6 CLJ 626, di mana isu sama ada rumah yang diberikan oleh seorang lelaki kepada common law wife sebagai hadiah atau amanah, Mahkamah Rayuan melalui Gopal Sri Ram HMR (pada masa itu) menyatakan – [7] With respect, we are unable to agree with the approach adopted by the learned judge. In our judgment the correct approach in cases such as the present is for a court first to determine the true intention of the purchaser. The question whether the purchaser in a particular case had a donative intention is to be determined objectively through a meticulous examination of the facts and evidence of the surrounding circumstances. If after such an examination the court concludes that there was a donative intention on the part of the purchaser that is the end of the matter and there is no room for the operation of the presumption of resulting trust or advancement as the case may be. It is only where there are no or insufficient facts or evidence from which a fair inference of intention may be drawn that a court should turn to presumptions as a last resort to resolve the dispute. As Devlin LJ observed in Berry v. British Transport Commission [1961] 3 All ER 65, 75: .. presumptions of law ought to be used only where their use is strictly necessary for the ends of justice. They are inherently undesirable.. because they prevent the court from ascertaining the truth, which should be the prime object of a judicial investigation, and because, if they are allowed to multiply to excess, the law will become divorced from reality and will live among fantasies of its own. [8] That the presumption of resulting trust operates only where there is absent evidence as to the true intention of the parties is borne out by what Lord Upjohn said in Pettitt v. Pettitt [1970] AC 777, 814: .. in the absence of evidence to the contrary if the property be conveyed into the name of a stranger he will hold it as trustee for the person putting up the purchase money (emphasis added.) [21] Adalah menjadi suatu undang-undang bahawa sesuatu pembelian untuk seseorang walaupun untuk anak kandung tidak semestinya secara otomatik menjadi hadiah tetapi sebaliknya merupakan amanah yang tersirat sekiranya terdapat niat yang membuktikan sebaliknya. Dalam kes Sabrina Loo Cheng Suan v. Eugene Khoo Oon Jin [1995] 1 CLJ 875, Vincent Ng HMT (pada masa itu) menyebut – It may be of interest to note that the presumption of advancement is applicable against not only the father but any other person in loco parentis to a child. According to Stroud's Judicial Dictionary of Words and Phrases (4th Edn.) p. 1569, a person in loco parentis means "a person taking upon himself the duty of a father of a child to make a provision for that child" per Jessel MR, Bennet v. Bennet, 10 Ch. D. 477; hence, such person could include an uncle or an elder brother of the child. Thus, where a father or other person in loco parentis purchases property in the name of a child or transfers property into the name of a child, the transaction does not create a resulting trust for the purchaser or transferor, but is an advancement or gift to the child, unless there is evidence of a contrary intention at the time of the transaction, or the circumstances are such as to raise a presumption against the advancement or gift. The rule is the same where a purchase, investment or transfer is made in the joint names of purchase or transferor himself and a child, or in the joint names of a child and a stranger, or in the name of an illegitimate child towards whom the father has placed himself in loco parentis. A mere moral obligation to provide for the other person is not, however, sufficient to rebut the resulting trust. (See Halsbury's Laws of England (4th Edn.) Vol. 48 para 607. [22] Dalam kes di hadapan saya, saya mendapati fakta bahawa Plaintif telah membeli 2/3 bahagian Lot 5604 tersebut daripada Mohd Razib dan Rapiah dengan perbelanjaannya sendiri tidak pernah dicabar atau dinafikan oleh Defendan. Begitu juga dengan perbelanjaan bagi membina Banglo berkenaan yang didakwa oleh Plaintif kesemua kosnya ditanggung oleh Plaintif disebabkan Defendan tidak bekerja. Oleh yang demikian, saya bersetuju dengan hujah Plaintif bahawa Defendan adalah pemegang amanah bagi 2/3 bahagian Lot 5604 tersebut dan bukannya hak mutlak Defendan sepenuhnya. Ini selaras dengan keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Paruvathy d/o Murugiah v. Krishnan s/o Doraisamy [1983] CLJU 19; [1983] 1 LNS 19; [1983] 2 MLJ 121, yang memutuskan bahawa pemilikan rumah diberikan kepada pihak yang mengeluarkan perbelanjaan. Salleh Abas HBM (pada masa itu) menyebut– To us although the house was built by the respondent, its ownership is not with him. It is with the appellant because this was built with her money. Although the appellant did not appeal against the finding of fact, we are, however, justified in making our own finding on the issue because no finding was made on it by the courts below. [23] Persoalan seterusnya adakah 2/3 bahagian Lot 5604 tersebut mesti dipindahmilik oleh Defendan kepada Plaintif sebagaimana yang dipohon oleh Plaintif? [24] Saya berpandangan bahawa memandangkan pembelian 2/3 bahagian Lot 5604 tersebut dibuat semasa perkahwinan Plaintif dan Defendan berlangsung, maka berkemungkinan besar ia merupakan harta sepencarian yang kedudukannya hanya boleh dan wajar diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Syariah kelak. Oleh yang demikian adalah terlalu awal untuk saya membenarkan permohonan Plaintif bagi 2/3 bahagian Lot 5604 tersebut dipindahmilik dan didaftar atas nama beliau. [25] Mengenai status Banglo pula, saya mendapati bahawa tidak wujud sebarang keraguan mengenai fakta bahawa Plaintif menanggung sepenuhnya kos pembinaan Banglo tersebut. Bagaimanapun adakah ia menjadi hak mutlak Plaintif dan dipindahkan atas nama beliau? [26] Dalam hal ini, adalah penting untuk melihat bahawa Kanun Tanah Negara (“KTN”) mentafsirkan “tanah” termasuklah apa-apa yang yang melekat pada bumi atau diikat secara kekal pada apa-apa lekatan pada bumi. S. 5 KTN menyatakan – "land" includes –