Penilaian Kredibiliti Saksi [23] Walaupun terdapat percanggahan kecil dalam keterangan saksi, Mahkamah ini bersetuju dan berpuas hati bahawa: a) percanggahan tersebut bukan material; dan b) keterangan teras Pendakwaan kekal konsisten. [24] Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah ini merujuk kepada kes Pendakwa Raya Iwn Kang Chang Heng [2025] 5 MLJ 18 di mana Mahkamah Rayuan ada menyatakan sebagaimana yang berikut:- [32] Berhubungan dengan isu percanggahan dalam keterangan SP1 pula, setelah kami meneliti percanggahan-percanggahan yang dihujahkan peguam OKT, kami mendapatkan bahawa percanggahan-percanggahan berhubung dengan pengecaman terhadap OKT bukanlah percanggahan yang serius sehinggakan keseluruhan keterangan SP1 perlulah ditolak. Dalam hal ini, kami merujuk kepada keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes Dato' Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim v Public Prosecutor and another appeal [2004] 3 MLJ 405 telah membuat pemerhatian sepertimana berikut: 215 Furthermore it is trite that every witness is entitled to credence and must be believed and his testimony accepted unless there are good and cogent reasons not to believe him. In Public Prosecutor v Mohamed Ali [1962] 1 MLJ 257, (at p 258) Thomson CJ said this: When a police witness says something that is not inherently improbable his evidence must in the first instance be accepted. 216 And in Balasingham v Public Prosecutor [1959] MLJ 193 (at p 194) Ismail Khan J (as he then was) stated: After all there is no legal presumption that an interested witness should not be believed. He is entitled to credence until cogent reasons for... 217 So what happens when there are discrepancies or contradictions in a witness' testimony? Would that make him less than credible and lead to an outright rejection of his entire testimony? In Chean Siong Guat v Public Prosecutor [1969] 2 MLJ 63 (at pp 63-64) Abdul Hamid J (as he then was) had this to say: Discrepancies may, in my view, be found in any case for the simple reason that no two persons can describe the same thing in exactly the same way. Sometimes what may appear to be discrepancies are in reality different ways of describing the same thing, or it may happen that the witnesses who are describing the same thing might have seen it in different ways and at different times and that is how discrepancies are likely to arise. These discrepancies may either be minor or serious discrepancies. Absolute truth is I think beyond human perception and conflicting versions of an incident, even by honest and disinterested witnesses, is a common experience. In weighing the testimony of witnesses, human fallibility in observation, retention and recollection are often recognised by the court. Being a question of fact, what a magistrate need do is to consider the discrepancies and say whether they are minor or serious discrepancies. If, after considering them. On the other hand, if a magistrate finds that the discrepancies do not detract from the value of the testimony of the witness or witnesses, it would then be proper for him to regard the discrepancies as trivial and ignore them. On the other hand, if a magistrate finds that the discrepancies relate to a material point which would seriously affect the value of the testimony of the witness or witnesses, then it would be his duty to weigh the evidence carefully in arriving at the truth. 218 And in Pie Bin Chin v Public Prosecutor [1985] 1 MLJ 234 (at pp 235-236), Wan Yahya J (as he then was) said: Discrepancies are no doubt present in this case, as they do ostensibly appear in most cases in evidence of witnesses for the prosecution as well as the defence. The transcripts of most evidence, when thoroughly tooth-combed by any able lawyer, never failed to yield some form of inconsistencies, discrepancies or contradictions but these do not necessarily render the witness's entire evidence incredible. It is only when a witness's evidence on material and obvious matters in the case is so irreconcilable, ambivalent or negotional that his whole evidence is to be disregarded. Forgetfulness and failure to recall exactly certain events, which did not seem to be important to the... 219 Thus, the fact that there are discrepancies in a witness' testimony does not straight away make him (in this case Azizan) an unreliable witness and make the whole of his evidence unacceptable. [25] Hakim bicara berada dalam kedudukan terbaik untuk menilai tingkah laku dan kredibiliti saksi. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada peringatan yang dinukilkan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan menerusi kes Pendakwa Raya Iwn Mohd Faiza Rizza bin Mohd Ropi [2024] MLJU 2868 sebagaimana yang berikut:- [20] Di dalam kes Herchun Singh & Ors v. PP [1969] CLJU 52; [1969] MLRA 382, Ong Hock Thye CJ (beliau pada ketika itu) menjelaskan seperti berikut: "An appellate Court should be slow in disturbing such finding of fact arrived at by the Judge, who had the advantage of seeing and hearing the witness, unless there are substantial and compelling reasons for disagreeing with the finding." [21] Di dalam kes Amri Ibrahim & Anor v. PP [2017] 1 CLJ 617, Mahkamah Persekutuan menyatakan seperti berikut: "[51] It is trite law that the view of the trial judge as to the credibility of a witness must be given proper weight and consideration. An appellate court should be slow in disturbing such finding of fact arrived at by the trial judge, who had the advantage of seeing and hearing the witness, unless there were substantial and compelling reasons for disagreeing." [26] Prinsip kes di atas telah secara terangnya menjelaskan bahawa, penilaian hakim bicara terhadap kredibiliti saksi dan dapatan fakta perlu diberi perhatian serta berat yang sewajarnya kerana hakim bicara mempunyai kelebihan melihat dan mendengar sendiri keterangan saksi. Oleh itu, Mahkamah yang mendengar rayuan tidak sepatutnya mudah mengganggu dapatan tersebut kecuali terdapat alasan yang kukuh dan meyakinkan untuk tidak bersetuju. [27] Berdasarkan keterangan-keterangan di hadapan Mahkamah ini, Mahkamah ini berpuas hati bahawa tiada sebab yang kukuh untuk Mahkamah ini campur tangan dalam dapatan tersebut.