1
We will refer the parties as they were in the Sessions Court.
B-08-218-08/2025
Court of Appeal of Malaysia23 Oct 2025
The written judgment as the court issued it, with the coram, case number, and source links. Every paragraph has its own anchor.
Citations and treatment detected automatically from later judgments and the authorities this decision relies on.
Later cases and laws citing this decision
Not yet cited by a later decision.
Earlier cases and laws this decision relies on
“rify the originality of this document via eFILING portal 3 [2] Enclosure 1 dated 5.8.2025 is the Plaintiff's Notice of Motion for leave to appeal to Court of Appeal under section 68 of the Court of Judicature Act 1964. [3] The learned Sessions Court Judge dismissed the Plaintiff’s / Applicant's claim which was then aff”
“can only be given 'where the applicant is able to demonstrate a prima facie case of error'. We find no such error.” [7] In Country Garden Danga Bay Sdn Bhd v. Tribunal Tuntutan Pembeli Rumah & Anor [2019] MLJU 1295, COA, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JCA (as he then was) explained the position taken by the Court of Appeal i”
Auto-detected from judgment text; not a substitute for a citator check.
1
We will refer the parties as they were in the Sessions Court.
2
Enclosure 1 dated 5.8.2025 is the Plaintiff's Notice of Motion for leave to appeal to Court of Appeal under section 68 of the Court of Judicature Act 1964.
3
The learned Sessions Court Judge dismissed the Plaintiff’s / Applicant's claim which was then affirmed by the High Court, leading us to this present Notice of Motion to be canvassed and ventilated.
4
The learned counsel for the Plaintiff took the position that he will only argue on the issue of liability.
5
Section 68(1)(a) of the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 stipulates: "(1) No appeals shall be brought to the Court of Appeal in any of the following cases:
a
When the amount or value of the subject-matter of the claim (exclusive of interest) is less than two hundred and fifty thousand ringgit, except with the leave of the Court of Appeal..." [6] It is a trite law that one of the grounds to consider in a leave application is whether there is a prima facie case of error. Abu Mansor JCA (as he then was) had observed in United Oriental Assurance Sdn Bhd v. Penang Medical Centre Sdn Bhd [1999] 2 MLJ 542, COA: “It is trite law and very well settled that an appellate court will not lightly interfere with the finding of the court below unless it can be shown the lower court had erred. In an application to the Court of Appeal where leave is sought, the matter is still dealt with by the principles enunciated in Pang Hon Chin v Nahar Singh [1986] 2 MLJ 145 where Edgar Joseph Jr J (as he then was) held that leave can only be given 'where the applicant is able to demonstrate a prima facie case of error'. We find no such error.” [7] In Country Garden Danga Bay Sdn Bhd v. Tribunal Tuntutan Pembeli Rumah & Anor [2019] MLJU 1295, COA, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JCA (as he then was) explained the position taken by the Court of Appeal in that: "[7] Applications for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal are governed by s 68(1)(a) of the CJA 1964 which effectively states that no appeal shall be brought to the Court of Appeal when the amount or value of the subject-matter of the claim (exclusive of interest) is less than RM250,000, except with the leave of the Court of Appeal; [8] Where appeals are filed without leave having been obtained, and where leave is required, the court has no jurisdiction to hear the appeal (see Harcharan Singh Sohan Singh v Ranjit Kaur S Gean Singh [2011] 3 CLJ 593 ('Harcharan Singh')). The requirement for leave serves as a filter against frivolous or unmeritorious proceedings (O'Reilly v Mackman [1983] 2 AC 237). It must follow that no appeal can be filed against the decision of the Court of Appeal regarding leave as otherwise the filter principle would be defeated (Lam Kong Co Ltd v Thong Guan Co Pte Ltd [2000] 1 MLJ 129; [2000] 1 CLJ 1 ('Lam Kong'))." The Brief Facts [8] Plaintiffs Version (SP2) “Pada 14 haribulan Disember 2017, Plaintif secara sah sedang menunggang m/sikal bernombor RR 1592 dari arah Selayang menuju kearah Batang Kali dan apabila sampai di Jalan Ulu Yam - Sg Yuan, Hulu Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, motorsikal WKU 6271 yang ditunggangi oleh Defendan Pertama sebagai ejen atau orang gaji atau orang yang menunggang dengan keizinan Defendan Kedua telah melanggar dan/atau menghimpit m/sikal RR 1592 dari arah belakang dan akibat daripada perlanggaran tersebut, Plaintif telah terlanggar sebuah m/sikal yang datang dari arah bertentangan dan akibat dari perlanggaran tersebut, Plaintif mengalami kecederaan, kerosakan dan kerugian.” [9] Plaintiff’s Police Report (Exhibit P3) “…TIBA-TIBA SEBUAH M/SIKAL NO. WVA 6712 JENIS HONDA WAVE YANG DATANG DARI ARAH BERTENTANGAN TANPA SEBARANG LAMPU TELAH MELANGGAR MOTORSIKAL SAYA DI BAHAGIAN HADAPAN, MANAKALA SEBUAH LAGI M/SIKAL NO. WKU 6271 JENIS HONDA EX5 YANG BERADA DI BAHAGIAN BELAKANG SAYA TELAH MELANGGAR MOTORSIKAL SAYA DI BAHAGIAN BELAKANG. SAYA MENGALAMI KECEDERAAN URAT SARAF BAHU SEBELAH KANAN, KAKI KANAN BENGKAK DAN LUKA-LUKA DI BADAN, MANAKALA M/SIKAL SAYA MENGALAMI KEROSAKAN HANCUR DI BAHAGIAN HADAPAN DAN CALAR-CALAR. LAIN-LAIN KEROSAKAN BELUM PASTI. SEKIAN REPOT SAYA. " [10] The Plaintiff admitted during cross-examination: “(a) That there was an inconsistency between the version of the accident in his police report and the version in his Witness Statement.
b
In his police report, he claimed that the first collision occurred between himself and the deceased third party, the rider of motorcycle no. WVA 6712, before the second collision with the 1st Defendant.
c
However, in his Witness Statement, he claimed that the 1st Defendant had collided into his motorcycle first, thereby causing the second collision with the deceased third-party rider.” First Defendant Version (SD1) “SD1 yang merupakan penunggang motorsikal WKU 6271 di dalam keterangan di Mahkamah Sesyen mengatakan bahawa motorsikal Plaintif berada di hadapannya dan telah memotong sebuah motorsikal (nombor tidak pasti) dan semasa memotong tersebut telah melanggar motorsikal WVA 6712 si mati di laluan bertentangan. Motorsikal SD1 kemudiannya telah melanggar motorsikal Plaintif kerana SD1 gagal mengelak motorsikal Plaintif yg telah terjatuh dilaluan bertentangan. Plaintif telah tercampak ke seberang jalan. SD1 mengesahkan bahawa Plaintif telah berlanggar dengan motorsikal si mati dan baru kemudiannya motorsikal SD1 berlanggar dengan motorsikal Plaintif.” Investigation Officer Version (SP1) [11] SP1 gave evidence that: “(a) Sebelum kemalangan, Plaintif sedang menunggang motosikalnya RR 1592 dari arah Sg Tua menuju ke Ulu Yam. Semasa kemalangan, Plaintif yang menunggang motosikal no RR 1592 telah memotong jalan dan memasuki ke arah jalan bertentangan motorsikal WVA 6712 ditunggang si mati.
b
Impak kemalangan ini adalah diarah bertentangan jalanraya menyebabkan kematian si mati apabila Plaintif bertembung dengannya.
c
Berdasarkan gambar-gambar dan melihat tahap kerosakan kepada kenderaan-kenderaan, SP1 bersetuju bahawa Plaintif apabila bertembung dengan si mati sedang menunggang dengan amat laju sekali.
d
Jika kita lihat gambar motosikal yang ditunggang oleh Defendan Pertama iaitu WKU 6271 jelas bahawa kerosakan yang dialami adalah tidak teruk jika dibandingkan dengan kedua-dua motorsikal yang mengalami kemalangan iaitu antara Plaintif dengan si mati.
e
Jadi ini menunjukkan bahawa Defendan Pertama tidak langsung berlanggar dengan motorsikal si mati.” [12] Position and Damage to the Vehicles: Major Damages to the Plaintiff's motorcycle was at the front and back while the damage to the 1st Defendant's motorcycle was only at the front side. Sessions Court Finding [13] The learned Sessions Court Judge in her judgment found: “[14] Dalam kes ini, Mahkamah mendapati bahawa keterangan SP2 adalah tidak konsisten dengan keterangan SP1 serta laporan polis yang telah dibuat oleh SP2 iaitu ekshibit P3. Di dalam P3, SP2 telah melaporkan bahawa terdapat sebuah motorsikal no WVA 6712 telah dari arah bertentangan melanggar motorsikal SP2 no RR 1592 dan kemudian motorsikal SD1 telah melanggar motorsikal SP2 di bahagian belakang. [15] Daripada laporan P3 ini, kemalangan bukanlah disebabkan oleh perlanggaran dari belakang oleh motorsikal Defendan SD1 tetapi akibat pertembungan motorsikal Plaintif SP2 dengan motorsikal si mati WVA 6712. Keterangan SP2 adalah jelas bercanggah dengan laporan polis SP2 sendiri P3 di mana SP2 menafikan perlanggaran akibat pertembungan dengan motorsikal si mati tetapi di sebabkan oleh perlanggaran motorsikal Defendan SD1 dari belakang dahulu dan kemudiannya baru dilanggar oleh motorsikal si mati. Sekiranya berlaku perlanggaran belakang dahulu oleh motorsikal Defendan semestinya SP2 telah melaporkan sedemikian di dalam P3 namun, SP2 gagal. [16] Mahkamah juga telah meneliti versi Plaintif SP2 ini dengan rajah kasar dan kekunci P2 yang mana pertembungan adalah jelas berada di bahagian laluan bertentangan iaitu laluan si mati. P2 juga gagal menunjukkan kedudukan motorsikal Defendan SD1 dan ianya tidak dilakarkan oleh SPl di dalam P2. Terdapat juga garisan putih memanjang di garisan A2 menunjukkan kawasan tersebut adalah di larang memotong. Menurut keterangan SP1, berdasarkan rakaman percakapan dan siasatan SP1, sebelum kemalangan SP2 sedang menunggang motorsikal dengan SD1 dalam keadaan berlumba. SD1 juga dalam keterangan telah memaklumkan bahawa SP2 sedang memotong sebuah motorsikal tidak pasti dan kemudiannya bertembung dengan motorsikal si mati di laluan bertentangan. [17] Mahkamah juga telah meneliti gambar kerosakan motorsikal Plaintif sebagaimana di dalam gambar P1(g),(i) dan (I) motorsikal berwarna oren milik Plaintif hanya mengalami kerosakan teruk di bahagian hadapan. Ini telah disahkan oleh SP1 di mana SP2 mengalami kerosakan teruk di bahagian hadapan. Motorsikal si mati pula berwarna merah telah mengalami remuk teruk di bahagian hadapan juga (sila rujuk gambar P(h) motorsikal warna merah). Tiada kesan kerosakan jelas di bahagian belakang motorsikal Plaintif. Walaupun SP1 menyatakan motorsikal SD1 juga telah mengalami kerosakan di bahagian hadapan, Mahkamah mendapati ianya konsisten dengan keterangan SD1 di mana selepas Plaintif telah bertembung dengan motorsikal si mati, SD1 tidak dapat mengelak dan melanggar motorsikal Plaintif. Mahkamah juga mendapati bahawa motorsikal si mati warna merah remuk teruk di bahagian hadapan dan belakang menunjukkan pertembungan yang kuat telah berlaku. [18] Secara perbandingan juga, sekiranya versi Plaintif adalah benar di mana motorsikal SP2 telah dilanggar dahulu oleh motorsikal SD1 sudah tentu kerosakan motorsikal SP2 di bahagian lain akan dapat dilihat pada kerosakan motosikal akibat terjatuh akibat perlanggaran atau kemudiannya dilanggar oleh motorsikal si mati dan bukannya kerosakan yg lebih tertumpu di hadapan motorsikal sebagaimana keterangan SP1 dan gambar kerosakan motorsikal SP2. Malah, sekiranya keterangan SP1 menyebelahi SP2, tidak mungkin arahan bagi pertuduhan di bawah S.41(1) APJ telah difailkan terhadap SP2. Walaupun kes saman tersebut telah di DNAA akibat salah kod, namun adalah menjadi fakta jelas arahan pertuduhan dan siasatan telah selesai di mana pertuduhan telah dibuat terhadap Plaintif di mana pertembungan maut adalah di antara Plaintif dan si mati. Sekali lagi Mahkamah mendapati versi Plaintif tidak boleh dipertahankan walaupun atas imbangan kebarangkalian bahawa kemalangan adalah disebabkan oleh perlanggaran motorsikal Defendan dari belakang. [19] Oleh yang demikian, Mahkamah ini berpendapat bahawa terdapat percanggahan keterangan dalam keterangan Plaintif SP2, bukti laporan polis P3 dan gambar-gambar kerosakan motorsikal P1(g),(j),(l) dan (h), serta keterangan pegawai penyiasat SP1 adalah tidak konsisten dan tidak selari dengan keterangan SP2. Plaintif telah gagal membuktikan versi Plaintif bahawa perlanggaran dan punca kemalangan adalah apabila Defendan SD1 melanggar belakang motorsikal Plaintif dahulu sebelum motorsikal Plaintif melanggar motorsikal si mati.” Conclusion [14] After examining the notes of proceedings, the oral and written submissions of the parties, we are of the unanimous view that the learned trial judge had acted on the available evidence and subsequently made a strong finding that the 1st Defendant's version of events to be inherently probable and the Plaintiff is 100% liable for the accident. We fully agree with her decision. [15] As such we are really in no position to say there is a prima facie case of error that warrants this Honourable Court to intervene, interfere or reverse the concurrent finding of facts made by of the two courts on the liability issue. In the circumstances, we find that the Plaintiff failed to satisfy the legal threshold for the granting of leave. [16] For the reasons given, the Plaintiff's / Applicant’s application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs of RM10,000.00 to be paid by the appellant to the respondent subject to allocator. Date: 29 October 2025 - sgd - Azmi bin Ariffin Judge Court of Appeal Malaysia Counsel For the Appellant : Khairul Aiman bin Kamar Rozaman [G Dorai & Co. (Rawang)]
1
Lim Qi Si
2
Sufiah Yusoff [Zaid Ibrahim Suflan T H Liew & Partners (Kuala Lumpur)]
Wrong text, a broken link, out-of-date content, or a removal request — tell us and we'll check it against the official source.