(xii) Saya bersetuju dengan hujahan Plaintif setelah merujuk kes yang dikemukakan iaitu Ramli Bin Zakaria & Ors v Government of Malaysia [1982] 2 MLJ 257 di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan telah menerangkan ujian dalam menentu pemakaian doktrin kekecewaan kontrak seperti berikut: “The relevant provision on the doctrine of frustration is set ot under our Contracts Act, 1950 section 57(2) which reads: “(2) A contract to do an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or by reason of some event which the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or unlawful.” The introductory passage in a chapter dealing with discharge by frustration in “The Law of Contract in Malaysia and Singapore — Cases and Commentary” by Visu Sinnadurai at p. 487/8 reads: “A contract is frustrated when there is a change in the circumstances which renders a contract legally or physically impossible of performance. According to the House of Lords in the case of Joseph Constantine Steamship Line, Ltd v Imperial Smelting Corpn Ltd [1942] AC 154 the doctrine ‘is only a special case of the discharge of contracts by an imposslbility of performance arising after the contract was made.’. Section 57(2) of the Contracts Act, 1950 states he doctrine thus: A contract to do an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or by reason of some event which the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or unlawful. The Act does not define the word ‘impossible’. However, it appears that the wording of the section envisages two main instances of frustration — when a contract to do an act becomes (a) impossible or (b) unlawful. It is clear that the frustration should be supervening and subsequent to the formation of the contract. Furthermore, it should be some event which the promisor could not prevent, as a ‘self-induced frustration’ does not discharge a party of his contractual obligation (Maritime National Fish Ltd v Ocean Trawlers Ltd[1935] AC 524).”. Prinsip undang-undang [17] Sebagaimana prinsip-prinsip undang-undang yang menetapkan mengenai appellate intervention, tugas Mahkamah ini yang mendengar rayuan Perayu adalah Mahkamah ini mesti berpuas hati bahawa dapatan Pn HMS itu adalah khilaf dan cannot be justified on the available evidence (kes Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat & Anor v. Plenitude Holdings Sdn Bhd [1993] 2 CLJ 146). [18] Dua ujian yang dikenal pasti dan perlu dipenuhi ialah, “plainly wrong test” dan “insufficient judicial appreciation of evidence test” untuk campurtangan dengan dapatan Pn HMS itu. Dua ujian ini terkandung dalam keputusan Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes Lee Ing Chin @ Lee Teck Seng & Ors v. Gan Yook Chin & Anor [2003] 2 MLJ 97 at 98-99− “(2) Generally, an appellate Court will not intervene unless the trial Court was shown to be plainly wrong in arriving at its decision or where there had been no or insufficient judicial appreciation of the evidence. Judicial appreciation of evidence meant that a judge who was required to adjudicate upon a dispute must arrive at his decision on an issue of fact or rejecting the whole or any part of the evidence placed before him. He must, when deciding whether to accept or to reject the evidence of a witness, test it against relevant criteria. Thus, he must take into account the presence or absence of any motive that a witness may have in giving his evidence. Where contemporaneous documents existed, he must test the oral evidence of a witness against these. He must also test the evidence of a particular witness against these. He must also test the evidence of a witness against the probabilities of the case. The principle central to appellate interference is that the decision arrived at by a trial court without judicial appreciation of the evidence may be set aside on appeal.”. [19] Sekali lagi Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan dalam kes Ong Leong Ciou & Anor v. Keller (M) Sdn Bhd & Ors And Another Appeal [2019] 3 MLRA 322 at 329 bahawa – “[125] We are mindful of the limited role of the appellate court in relation to the findings of facts made by the court of first instance. The general principle is that the conclusion of a trial judge is a finding of fact on the oral evidence based on the demean our and credibility of the witness before him or her. Generally, such finding ought not be disturbed unless the appellate court is convinced that it is plainly wrong. It would not be sufficient to warrant an appellate interference merely because the appellate court entertains doubt whether such finding is right.”. [20] Dalam keputusan kes hampir terbaharu iaitu Ng Hoo Kui & Anor v. Wendy Tan Lee Peng, Administrator of the Estates of Tan Ewe Kwang, Deceased & Anor [2020] 10 CLJ 1, Mahkamah Persekutuan memutuskan bahawa – “... an appellate Court should not interfere with factual findings of a trial judge unless it was satisfied that the decision of the trial Judge was plainly wrong or one that no reasonable Judge could have reached. If it is not, the fact that the appellate Court may have reached a different conclusion on the facts, is irrelevant.”. [21] Begitu juga prinsip undang-undang yang diputuskan lama dahulu oleh Supreme Court dalam kes National Company For Foreign Trade v Kayu Raya Sdn Bhd [1984] 2 MLJ 300 – “We think it appropriate to remind ourselves once again that in every application under Order 14, the first considerations are (a) whether the case comes within the order and (b) whether the plaintiff has satisfied the preliminary requirements for proceeding under Order 14. For the purpose of an application under Order 14, the preliminary requirements are-