where no statement of claim has been served on the defendant; (b) where the indorsement on the writ includes a claim or claims [1984] 1 CLJ Rep 283; [1984] 2 CLJ 220; [1984] 2 MLJ 300 at 302 outside the scope of Order 14 as coming within Rule 1(2); (c) where the affidavit in support of the application is defective, eg, in omitting to state the deponent's belief that there is no defence to the claim or part to which the application relates; (d) where the application is made in an action against the Government [Order 73 Rule 5(1) ]. If the plaintiff fails to satisfy either of these considerations, the summons may be dismissed. If however, these considerations are satisfied, the plaintiff will have established 4 a prima facie case and he becomes entitled to judgment. The burden then shifts to the defendant to satisfy the Court why judgment should not be given against him [see Order 14 Rules 3 and 4(1) ]." [5] Pendekatan Mahkamah di dalam permohonan ini adalah sepertimana yang dinyatakan oleh Mahkamah Agung di dalam kes Bank Negara Malaysia v Mohd Ismail & ors [1992] 1 MLJ 400 seperti berikut; “In our view, basic to the application of all those legal propositions, is the requirement under O. 14 for the Court to be satisfied on affidavit evidence that the defence not only has raised an issue but also that the said issue is triable. The determination of whether an issue is or is not triable must necessarily depend on the law arising from each case as disclosed in the affidavit evidence before the Court. On the treatment of conflict of evidence on affidavits, Lord Diplock speaking for the Privy Council in Eng Mee Yong & Ors. v. V.Letchumanan [1979] 1 LNS 18 had this to say at p. 217: Although in the normal way it is not appropriate for a Judge to attempt to resolve conflicts of evidence on affidavit, this does not mean that he is bound to accept uncritically, as raising a dispute of fact which calls for further investigation, every statement on an affidavit however equivocal, lacking in precision, inconsistent with undisputed contemporary documents or other statements by the same deponent, or inherently improbable in itself it may be. 5 Although Lord Diplock was dealing with an application for removal of caveat in that particular case, we are of the view that the above principle of law is relevant and applicable in all cases where a Judge has to decide a case or matter on affidavit evidence. Under an O. 14 application, the duty of a Judge does not end as soon as a fact is asserted by one party, and denied or disputed by the other on affidavit. Where such assertion, denial or dispute is equivocal, or lacking in precision or is inconsistent with undisputed contemporary documents or other statements by the same deponent or is inherently improbable in itself, then the Judge has a duty to reject such assertion or denial, thereby rendering the issue as not triable. In our opinion, unless this principle is adhered to, a Judge is in no position to exercise his discretion judicially under an O. 14 application. Thus, apart from identifying the issues of fact or law, the Court must go one step further and determine whether they are triable. This principle is sometimes expressed by the statement that a complete defence need not be shown. The defence set up need only show that there is a triable issue.” [penegasan ditegaskan] [6] Secara umumnya, Mahkamah bertanggungjawab untuk menilai sama ada Defendan mempunyai satu isu yang perlu dibicarakan bersandarkan kepada kesemua afidavit-afidavit yang telah difailkan. Mahkamah tidak perlu dihidangkan dengan satu pembelaan yang penuh dan hanya cukup sekadar sama ada Defendan telah berjaya menunjukkan wujudnya isu untuk dibicarakan. 6 Hujahan Pihak-pihak [7] Di dalam kes ini, peguamcara Plaintif menghujahkan bahawa ia adalah merupakan satu kes yang nyata di mana Defendan tidak berjaya menunjukkan wujudnya satu isu untuk dibicarakan. Ini kerana keterangan secara dokumen sepertimana di dalam Afidavit Sokongan dan Afidavit Jawapan membuktikan antara lain: a) bahawa Plaintif adalah pemilik berdaftar hartanah tersebut; b) bahawa Defendan telah menceroboh hartanah tersebut; dan c) Tanah sewaan tersebut yang diduduki oleh Defendan adalah berada di dalam hartanah tersebut. [8] Manakala Defendan pula menegaskan bahawa dakwaan Plaintif bahawa Defendan telah menceroboh adalah tidak dibuktikan sewajarnya di mana ukuran yang dibuat oleh Plaintif adalah dibuat oleh Juruukur yang dilantik secara sepihak oleh Plaintif. Di dalam masa yang sama, Defendan menegaskan bahawa kehadiran mereka di tanah sewaan tersebut adalah bagi menjalankan aktiviti tanaman sayur-sayuran melalui Perjanjian Sewaan dengan NYBC bertarikh 27/10/2015. 7 Analisis dan dapatan Mahkamah [9] Adalah tidak dinafikan bahawa di dalam kes ini, Plaintif adalah merupakan pemilik tanah berdaftar ke atas hartanah tersebut dan ini dapat dibuktikan melalui ekshibit LWH-1 Afidavit Sokongan. Sebagai pemilik berdaftar, hakmilik dan kepentingan Plaintif adalah tidak boleh disangkal. Ia sepertimana yang diperuntukkan di bawah subseksyen 340(1) Kanun Tanah Negara (“KTN”) seperti berikut: “(1) The title or interest of any person or body for the time being registered as proprietor of any land, or in whose name any lease, charge or easement is for the time being registered, shall, subject to the following provisions of this section, be indefeasible.” [10] Di dalam kes Karuppannan v Balakrishnen (Chong Lee Chin & ors, Third Parties) [1994] 3 MLJ 584, Mahkamah Persekutuan telah memutuskan: “Here we wish to repeat that once a party and in this case the respondent/plaintiff has established his legal right and of the fact of its violation he is entitled to the perpetual injunction unless the appellant/defendant can show that there is something special in the circumstances of the case that will disentitle the respondent/ plaintiff to the remedy he seeks.” [11] Di dalam membuktikan hakmilik Plaintif ke atas hartanah tersebut, Plaintif telah melantik dan mengarahkan Juruukur bertauliah iaitu Andrew Phung Voon Seng yang merupakan Juruukur berlesen 8 untuk membuat semakan serta pengukuran. Laporan Juruukur tersebut telah diekshibitkan sebagai ekshibit LWH-2 di dalam Afidavit Sokongan di mana dilaporkan bahawa sebahagian daripada hartanah tersebut seluas 4.640 ekar yang ditanda sebagai Plot 1 telah diceroboh oleh Defendan. Dakwaan Plaintif ini dipertikaikan oleh Defendan. [12] Persoalan yang timbul kini dan perlu ditimbang oleh Mahkamah di peringkat ini adalah sama ada melalui keterangan afidavit sahaja, Plaintif telah berjaya membuktikan wujudnya pencerobohan tersebut secara nyata dan menjadikan Defendan tidak mempunyai satu pembelaan atau isu untuk dibicarakan. [13] Di dalam menimbang perkara ini, Mahkamah mendapati bahawa perjanjian sewaan di antara Defendan dan NYBC telah dimasuki pada 27/10/2015 dan ia lebih awal dari tarikh hartanah tersebut diberi milik kepada Plaintif iaitu pada 6/10/2020 (rujuk ekshibit LWH 10 Afidavit Balasan). Dengan kata yang lain, Defendan terlebih dahulu berada di dalam tanah sewaan tersebut sebelum hartanah tersebut diberi milikan kepada Plaintif. [14] Selanjutnya Mahkamah mendapati dakwaan Plaintif berkaitan pencerobohan oleh Defendan hanya bersandarkan kepada pengukuran sempadan yang dibuat oleh Juruukur lantikan Plaintif dan ini menjadi pertikaian utama Defendan. Sebelum Mahkamah membincangkan isu ini, Mahkamah ingin menegaskan bahawa di dalam Afidavit Sokongan mahupun di dalam Afidavit Balasan, Plaintif tidak mengemukakan keterangan yang dapat menunjukkan 9 bahawa Defendan telah menceroboh hartanah tersebut secara fizikal. [15] Ini pada pandangan Mahkamah adalah penting bagi melunaskan beban Plaintif yang mendakwa wujudnya pencerobohan tersebut. Seksyen 101 dan 103 Akta Keterangan 1950 adalah jelas meletakkan beban ini di atas Plaintif dan Defendan tidak mempunyai beban bagi mengatakan sebaliknya. Pembuktian ini bukan sahaja tidak dikemukakan oleh Plaintif melalui afidavit-afidavit yang difailkan malahan pada hemat Mahkamah ia hanya boleh dibuktikan melalui saksi-saksi yang memberi keterangan di Mahkamah. [16] Di dalam kes Top Glove Sdn Bhd V. Ecotherm Technology Sdn Bhd & Ors [2011] 1 LNS 1152, Anantham Kasinather HMT telah memutuskan; “The burden to establish trespass required the Plaintiff to prove the unlawful entry of the servant or agent of the 2nd Defendant with the authority of the 2nd Defendant into the premises of the Plaintiff. Counsel for the 2nd Defendant submitted and in my view correctly, that for the Plaintiff to discharge this burden, it must be able to identify this servant or agent of the 2nd Defendant who is said to have entered the 2nd Defendant's premises unlawfully. This is because a person cannot be said to have trespassed into the Plaintiff's premises if that person had in fact been permitted to enter into the Plaintiff's premises in the first place. For this reason, to discharge this burden, this Court expects the Plaintiff to lead evidence of having apprehended Mr. Mannivanan personally 10 in the premises of the Plaintiff when there is no evidence of him having entered the premises after recording his name in the visitors' books. Alternatively, this Court expects the Plaintiff to call as a witness someone who had personally seen Mr. Mannivanan in the Plaintiff's premises on a particular day and time when his presence was not preceded by the entry of his name in the visitor book acknowledging his entitlement to enter the premises. It was confirmed by PW 2 under cross examination that he had no personal knowledge of the alleged trespass and the police report made by him on 21st August 2007 was merely based on the statement in Paragraph 22 (j) of the Statement of claim in Suit 416.” [17] Selanjutnya Mahkamah turut mendapati bahawa apa yang dikemukakan oleh Plaintif hanyalah keterangan dokumen iaitu laporan oleh Juruukur lantikan Plaintif. Keterangan hendaklah dikemukakan secara lisan bagi membolehkan kesahihan laporan yang disediakan oleh Juruukur tersebut diterima sebagai keterangan prima facie bahawa Defendan telah menceroboh. Mahkamah sekali lagi menegaskan bahawa keterangan sebegini adalah tidak wajar ditentukan melalui keterangan afidavit semata-mata. Ia melibatkan isu-isu teknikal dan kepakaran. [18] Walaupun Plaintif mendakwa Defendan tidak mengemukakan keterangan di dalam afidavit bagi menyangkal dakwaan Plaintif atau menegaskan dakwaan Defendan sendiri, namun Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa ini sudah memadai bagi Defendan untuk menunjukkan bahawa terdapat isu yang perlu dibicara. 11 [19] Di dalam kes SM Appaduray v. R. Ananda [1981] CLJ 271 (Rep); [1981] CLJ 136; [1982] 1 MLJ 292 di dalam satu permohonan Penghakiman Terus di bawah A14 k1 Kaedah-kaedah Mahkamah Tinggi 1980, Abdul Malik Ishak HMT (pada ketika itu) telah memutuskan: “The challenge to the accuracy of the survey creates a triable issue as to the positioning of the boundaries of the two lots.” [20] Defendan tidak mempunyai beban untuk mengemukakan satu pembelaan penuh. Ini sepertimana yang dinyatakan oleh Abdul Malik Ishak HMT (pada ketika itu) di dalam kes Hong Leong Finance Bhd. v. Rextex Rubber Products Sdn. Bhd. & anor [1996] 4 CLJ 580 seperti berikut: “A triable issue may be established by showing that there is a defence to the claim, a dispute on the facts ( Saw v. Hakim [1889] 5 TLR 72 ), or that a point of law requires determination ( The Electric and General Contract Corporation v. The Thomson - Houston Electric Company [1895]10 TLR 103; Cow v. Casey [1949] 1 KB 474). The House of Lords in Jacobs. v. Booth's Distillery [1901] 85 LT 262 established that the Court's role at the hearing of an application for summary judgment is not to delve into the merits of the issues raised by the defendant. The Court is supposed to determine whether an issue has been raised, it is not for the Court to consider whether the defendant is likely to succeed or fail.” 12 [21] Manakala di dalam kes Lai Siek Chuan v Soh Eng Hun & Anor [2017] MLJU 2217, Rozana Ali Yusoff PK (pada ketika itu) telah menegaskan: “I also relied on the case of Antah Schindler Sdn Bhd v. Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Co Ltd [2008] 3 CLJ 641 that it is not necessary for the Defendant, opposing summary judgment applications to show that he has a complete defence, merely that there are issues which need to be tried in order to determine liability. Therefore it is incumbent upon the Defendant, as the party opposing summary judgment to merely show that there are issues to be tried and this case must proceed to trial so that the facts can be ascertained by the cross examination of the witnesses who have personal knowledge of the facts. It is not necessary for the Defendant to show a complete defence.” [22] Mahkamah berpandangan bahawa Defendan berjaya membuktikan bahawa wujud isu untuk dibicarakan secara khusus berkenaan kesahihan dakwaan pencerobohan. Ketepatan serta kebenaran Pelan Butiran Pencerobohan yang dibuat oleh Juruukur lantikan Plaintif hanya boleh dibuktikan melalui satu perbicaraan penuh agar keterangan saksi tersebut boleh dinilai serta diputuskan oleh Mahkamah. Kesimpulan [23] Berdasarkan kepada pertimbangan-pertimbangan ini, Mahkamah merumuskan bahawa kes semasa bukanlah satu kes yang wajar diputuskan secara permohonan interlokutori melalui permohonan 13 Penghakiman Terus. Defendan telah menunjukkan isu yang perlu dibicarakan dan ini memadai. Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes South East Asia Insurance Bhd v. Kerajaan Malaysia [1998] 1 CLJ 1045 telah memutuskan : "If a defendant in an O. 14 application succeeds in raising even a single triable issue, it will not be a fit and proper case to order summary judgment. It is only in plain and obvious cases where there are no issues to be tried that recourse should be had to O. 14." [24] Sehubungan dengan itu, permohonan Plaintif adalah ditolak dengan kos sebanyak RM5,000.00 tertakluk kepada fi alokatur. Bertarikh: 18hb. November, 2021 (DATUK MOHAMAD ABAZAFREE BIN MOHD ABBAS) Pesuruhjaya Kehakiman Mahkamah Tinggi (2) Kota Bharu Kelantan. 14 Pihak-pihak: Bagi Pihak Plaintif: Encik Aznam bin Mohamed Tetuan Adli Aznam & Akram Peguambela dan Peguamcara 283, Taman Laksamana Jalan Mahmood 15200 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Bagi Pihak Defendan: Dato’ Sukri bin Mohamad Puan Melissa Binti Sukri Tetuan Wan Haron Sukri & Nordin Peguambela dan Peguamcara W19BO (Peti#41), 19th. Floor, West Block Wisma Golden Eagle Realty 142-C, Jalan Ampang 50450 Kuala Lumpur. Tarikh Bicara : 05hb. September 2021 Tarikh Keputusan : 09hb. November, 2021 15 Undang-Undang Yang Dirujuk Kaedah-kaedah Mahkamah 2012 subseksyen 340(1) Kanun Tanah Negara Seksyen 101 dan 103 Akta Keterangan 1950 Kes-Kes Yang Dirujuk National Company for Foreign Trade v. Kayu Raya Sdn Bhd [1984] 1 CLJ Rep 283; [1984] 2 CLJ 220; [1984] 2 MLJ 300 Bank Negara Malaysia v Mohd Ismail & ors [1992] 1 MLJ 400 Karuppannan v Balakrishnen (Chong Lee Chin & ors, Third Parties) [1994] 3 MLJ 584 Top Glove Sdn Bhd V. Ecotherm Technology Sdn Bhd & Ors [2011] 1 LNS 1152 SM Appaduray v. R. Ananda [1981] CLJ 271 (Rep); [1981] CLJ 136; [1982] 1 MLJ 292 Hong Leong Finance Bhd. v. Rextex Rubber Products Sdn. Bhd. & anor [1996] 4 CLJ 580 South East Asia Insurance Bhd v. Kerajaan Malaysia [1998] 1 CLJ 1045