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1 DALAM MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA DI ALOR SETAR DALAM NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN RAYUAN JENAYAH NO: KA-42JSKH-1-11/2023 ANTARA PENDAKWA RAYA
KA-42JSKH-1-11/2023
High Court of Malaysia5 Sept 2024
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Citations and treatment detected automatically from later judgments and the authorities this decision relies on.
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“etermination of the most proportionate, fair and appropriate punishment for the appellant for having pleaded guilty to the commission of the offence under Section 14(a) of the Sexual Offences against Children Act 2017. [30] In Azman Mahedin v. PP [2020] CLJU 1673; [2020] 1 LNS 1673, Dr Hj Alwi Hj Abdul Wahab J held as”
“on two charges under s. 14 of the Sexual Offences Against **Note : Serial number will be used to verify the originality of this document via eFILING portal 22 Children Act 2017 and s. 377B of the Penal Code respectively and was sentenced to ten (10) years imprisonment and ordered to be whipped with two (2) strokes of t”
“; Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (supra ); Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); R v. Teo Cheng Lian [1949] CLJU 81; [1949] 1 LNS 81; [1949] MLJ 70, (iii) the trial judge had acted on wrong principles (R v. Leo De Cruz [1935] MLJ 1 (CA); PP v. Dato' Waad bin Mansor (supra ); Soosainathan v. PP [2001] 6 CLJ 44; [2001] 2 MLJ 377; (iv) the”
“nsuitable to the proven facts and circumstances (Fan Yew Teng v. PP [1975] CLJU 38; [1975] 1 LNS 38; [1975] 2 MLJ (FC); Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (supra ); Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); R v. Teo Cheng Lian [1949] CLJU 81; [1949] 1 LNS 81; [1949] MLJ 70, (iii) the trial judge had acted on wrong principles (R v. Leo De Cruz [1”
“circumstances (Fan Yew Teng v. PP [1975] CLJU 38; [1975] 1 LNS 38; [1975] 2 MLJ (FC); Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (supra ); Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); R v. Teo Cheng Lian [1949] CLJU 81; [1949] 1 LNS 81; [1949] MLJ 70, (iii) the trial judge had acted on wrong principles (R v. Leo De Cruz [1935] MLJ 1 (CA); PP v. Dato' Waad”
“n a sentence appears to be wrong in law or is manifestly excessive or inadequate having regard to the facts and circumstances that an appellate court will intervene (Public Prosecutor v. Lee Seng Seh [1966] CLJU 142; [1966] 1 LNS 142; [1966] 1 MLJ 266). **Note : Serial number will be used to verify the originality of t”
“on Fatt (supra ); Tan Koon Swan v. PP [1985] SLR 126, (ii) the sentence is manifestly wrong in the sense of being illegal or being unsuitable to the proven facts and circumstances (Fan Yew Teng v. PP [1975] CLJU 38; [1975] 1 LNS 38; [1975] 2 MLJ (FC); Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (supra ); Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); R v. Teo”
“ficult to his family. [23] Sad to say, the appellant only has himself to blame for that and he should live with the consequences of his own fault. Reference is made to the case of PP v. Teh Ah Cheng [1976] CLJU 116; [1976] 1 LNS 116where the court had this to say: The respondent also puts forward in his plea in mitigat”
“hkamah bawahan melainkan terdapat kesilapan di dalam menjatuhkan hukuman tersebut atau tidak sesuai dengan fakta dan keadaan yang dibuktikan. (Rujuk kes: Bhandulananda Jayatilake v. Public Prosecutor [1981] CLJU 139; [1981] 1 LNS 139; PP v. Dato' Waad Mansor [2005] 1 CLJ 421).” [11] Perkara yang saya pernah disentuh ol”
“fied that (i) the sentence is manifestly excessive or inadequate (Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim v. PP [2002] 3 CLJ 457; [2002] 3 MLJ 193; 3 CLJ 457 (FC); PP v. Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); Tan Koon Swan v. PP [1985] SLR 126, (ii) the sentence is manifestly wrong in the sense of being illegal or being unsuitable to the proven fa”
“lity of this document via eFILING portal 6 melainkan ternyata keputusan tersebut mempunyai salah arah dan tidak menurut undang ini. Prinsip ini dapat dilihat di dalam kes KS Saravanan Krishnan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1037; [2016] 1 LNS 1037 yang memutuskan: “Prinsip undang-undang adalah jelas iaitu Mahkamah yang mendengar ra”
“ilake v. Public Prosecutor [1981] CLJU 139; [1981] 1 LNS 139; PP v. Dato' Waad Mansor [2005] 1 CLJ 421).” [11] Perkara yang saya pernah disentuh oleh Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes Usman Jumasan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1457; [2016] 1 LNS 1457 melalui penghakiman yang disampaikan oleh Vernon Ong, HMR (pada ketika itu) seperti b”
“Ghazali J (as he then was) held as follows: [54] My own research shows that the punishment recorded in recent cases for Section 14 offences include Mohamad Izzaini bin Zainudin v. Public Prosecutor [2018] CLJU 1351; [2019] 7 MLJ 366 where the sentence was a jail term of 7 years and one stroke of whipping for each of th”
“ment via eFILING portal 19 kes yang sama iaitu kes Ibrahim Mahd Nazri (supra) Mahkamah Rayuan telah merujuk kepada trend hukuman seperti berikut; “Trend Of Sentencing [24] In Maliki Suratman v. PP [2019] CLJ 656, Case No: B-09- 216-05/2019, the Court of Appeal on 10 March 2022 had found that the sentence of ten years i”
“LNS 315; [2019] 10 MLJ 308 where the imprisonment was for 10 years, accompanied with two strokes of whipping for each of the two charges under Section 14(d); and Razali bin Silah v. Public Prosecutor [2019] CLJU 1508; [2019] 1 LNS 1508; [2019] 12 MLJ 205, where a jail term of 4 years and one stroke of whipping was orde”
“serting fingers into the child victim's private part as demonstrated by the above-mentioned case law. [26] The relevant case law for consideration is the case of Public Prosecutor v. Mad Salleh Naif [2019] SMCU 16; [2019] 5 LNS 16 where the accused in that case was charged under the same section of Act 792 as in the in”
“gainst the accused who had inserted his finger into the child's private part. In this case, the accused was 25 years old and child was eight years old at the material time. [29] In Md Jahangir v. PP [2020] CLJU 115; [2020] 1 LNS 115; [2020] 10 MLJ 210, Mohd Nazlan Mohd Ghazali J (as he then was) held as follows: [54] M”
“S. Peguam turut membawa perhatian Mahkamah ini ke **Note : Serial number will be used to verify the originality of this document via eFILING portal 13 atas keputusan di dalam kes Azman Mahedin v PP [2020] MLRHU 1567 di mana Hakim Alwi Hj Abdul Wahab HMT (pada ketika itu) telah mengenakan hukuman penjara 6 tahun dan 2 s”
“appropriate punishment for the appellant for having pleaded guilty to the commission of the offence under Section 14(a) of the Sexual Offences against Children Act 2017. [30] In Azman Mahedin v. PP [2020] CLJU 1673; [2020] 1 LNS 1673, Dr Hj Alwi Hj Abdul Wahab J held as follows: [26] The relevant case law for considera”
“guilty for the offence of touching, kissing and licking the victim's private part and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment with 2 strokes of whipping. [31] In Muhammad Shahrani Muhammad Sani v. PP [2021] CLJU 720; [2021] 1 LNS 720 Aslam Zainuddin JC (as he then was) held as follows: [1] The appellant was found guilty”
“ears imprisonment and for case number WA-42JSKS-6-07/20191 reduced the whipping from two to one stroke. Both the imprisonment sentences were ordered to run concurrently. [32] In Suresh Karpaya v. PP [2022] CLJU 1932; [2022] 1 LNS 1932, Abu Bakar Katar J held as follows: [2] Perayu tidak mengaku bersalah atas pertuduhan”
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Content
1 DALAM MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA DI ALOR SETAR DALAM NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN RAYUAN JENAYAH NO: KA-42JSKH-1-11/2023 ANTARA PENDAKWA RAYA
1
Kes ini melibatkan satu rayuan oleh Pendakwa Raya (PR) ke atas hukuman yang telah dijatuhkan oleh Puan Hakim Mahkamah Sesyen (“Puan HMS”) ke atas Responden bagi satu kesalahan di bawah seksyen 14(1)(a) Akta Kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak-kanak 2017 (Akta 792). Responden telah disabitkan 2 selepas satu perbicaraan penuh dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara selama 6 tahun dari tarikh sabitan dan 3 sebatan rotan.
2
Tiada sebarang rayuan difailkan oleh Responden sama ada ke atas sabitan mahupun hukuman.
3
Mahkamah ini telah membenarkan rayuan PR dan telah menggantikan hukuman Puan HMS dengan hukuman penjara selama 10 tahun dari tarikh sabitan (1/11/2023) dan 3 sebatan.
4
Responden tidak berpuashati dengan keputusan Mahkamah ini dan kini merayu ke atas keputusan tersebut.
5
Pertuduhan ke atas Responden adalah seperti berikut: “Bahawa kamu pada awal bulan Januari 2022 jam lebih kurang 3.00 petang, di rumah beralamat A2-09 Taman Derga Perdana, Jalan Datuk Kumbar, di dalam dalam Negeri Kedah, telah didapati melakukan amang seksual fizikal ke atas (1) kanak-kanak perempuan yang bernama XXXXXXXXXXXXXX (KPT: XXXXXXXXX) yang berumur 7 tahun dengan membuka seluar dan mengurut paha bagi tujuan seksual. Oleh yang demikian, kamu telah melakukan satu kesalahan yang boleh dihukum di bawah seksyen 14(a) Akta Kesalahan Kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak Kanak 2017.”
6
Seramai 5 orang saksi telah dipanggil memberi keterangan bagi pihak PR, manakala di peringkat pembelaan, hanya Responden memberi keterangan.
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Secara amnya, fakta kes boleh diringkaskan seperti berikut: a) pada awal bulan Januari 2022, pada jam lebih kurang 3.30 petang, mangsa yang ketika itu berumur 7 tahun, berada di rumahnya iaitu di A2-09, Taman Derga Perdana, Jalan Datuk Kumbar, Alor Setar. Pada waktu itu, bapa mangsa keluar membeli barang dan mangsa ditinggalkan bersama-sama dengan Responden; b) Responden adalah merupakan rakan kepada bapa mangsa dan dipanggil “Uncle Haikal” oleh mangsa. Ibu mangsa tidak tinggal bersama-sama kerana telah berpisah dengan bapanya; c) Responden telah memanggil mangsa untuk duduk di atas sofa di ruang tamu rumah tersebut dan telah meminta mangsa untuk berbaring sambil membuat kakinya seolah-olah hendak melahirkan anak. Mangsa mengikut sahaja permintaan Responden; d) mangsa selanjutnya diminta untuk menutup mata dan mangsa lakukan dengan menutup sedikit sahaja matanya. Responden kemudiannya telah mengurut tepi kemaluan mangsa dan membuka seluar serta seluar dalam mangsa 4 sehingga ke buku lali. Setelah itu, Responden telah menjelir lidahnya ingin menjilat kemaluan mangsa; e) mangsa yang melihat perbuatan Responden telah membuka matanya serta mengalih kakinya dan memakai semula seluar dalam dan seluarnya. Mangsa menyatakan kepada Responden “geli, geli” dan Responden menjawab “sorry, sorry, Uncle Haikal silap”; dan f) Responden kemudiannya telah membelai rambut mangsa di atas sofa sambil berkata “Uncle Haikal sayang Uthi”. Uthi adalah nama timbangan kepada mangsa. Mangsa mengakui pada ketika itu, mangsa merasa takut dengan perbuatan Responden.
8
Di dalam Alasan Penghakimannya, Puan HMS telah menyatakan bahawa setelah mendengar rayuan peringanan hukuman dan pemberatan dari kedua-dua pihak, dengan memberi pertimbangan atas isu fakta dan undang-undang, Puan HMS telah menjatuhi hukuman enam tahun penjara dari tarikh tangkap dan tiga sebatan rotan.
9
Alasan-alasan ke atas keputusan tersebut adalah diringkaskan oleh Mahkamah seperti berikut: a) kepentingan awam hendaklah sentiasa diberi pertimbangan utama; 5 b) merujuk kepada prinsip di dalam kes Mohamed Abdullah Ang Swee Kang v. PP [1987] CLJ (Rep) 209; c) perbuatan Responden adalah perbuatan yang menjijikkan, dipandang hina dan membawa kesan trauma kepada mangsa; d) hukuman penjara bertujuan untuk memberi peluang kepada Responden untuk dipulihkan; e) perbuatan Responden meminta maaf kepada mangsa menunjukkan Responden mengakui perbuatan silapnya; f) hukuman penjara juga bertujuan sebagai pencegahan ke atas Responden dari mengulangi kesilapan yang sama; g) hukuman juga sebagai pengajaran kepada Responden dan masyarakat; dan h) kesetimpalan hukuman bergantung kepada fakta kes serta faktor mitigasi dan agravasi.
10
Adalah menjadi prinsip undang-undang yang mantap bahawa dalam mendengar kes-kes rayuan, Mahkamah di peringkat rayuan seharusnya mengambil pendirian untuk tidak menganggu keputusan yang telah dibuat oleh Mahkamah Perbicaraan 6 melainkan ternyata keputusan tersebut mempunyai salah arah dan tidak menurut undang ini. Prinsip ini dapat dilihat di dalam kes KS Saravanan Krishnan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1037; [2016] 1 LNS 1037 yang memutuskan: “Prinsip undang-undang adalah jelas iaitu Mahkamah yang mendengar rayuan agak keberatan dalam mengganggu hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Mahkamah bawahan melainkan terdapat kesilapan di dalam menjatuhkan hukuman tersebut atau tidak sesuai dengan fakta dan keadaan yang dibuktikan. (Rujuk kes: Bhandulananda Jayatilake v. Public Prosecutor [1981] CLJU 139; [1981] 1 LNS 139; PP v. Dato' Waad Mansor [2005] 1 CLJ 421).”
11
Perkara yang saya pernah disentuh oleh Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes Usman Jumasan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1457; [2016] 1 LNS 1457 melalui penghakiman yang disampaikan oleh Vernon Ong, HMR (pada ketika itu) seperti berikut: “[10] The basic principles governing the role of an appellate court in an appeal against sentence are well settled. In exercising its jurisdiction to review sentence an appellate court does not alter a sentence on the mere ground that if it had been trying the case it might have passed a somewhat different sentence. It is only when a sentence appears to be wrong in law or is manifestly excessive or inadequate having regard to the facts and circumstances that an appellate court will intervene (Public Prosecutor v. Lee Seng Seh [1966] CLJU 142; [1966] 1 LNS 142; [1966] 1 MLJ 266).
11
Accordingly, an appellate Court starts on the premise that it should be slow to interfere with the sentence passed by the court below unless the appellate court is satisfied that (i) the sentence is manifestly excessive or inadequate (Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim v. PP [2002] 3 CLJ 457; [2002] 3 MLJ 193; 3 CLJ 457 (FC); PP v. Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); Tan Koon Swan v. PP [1985] SLR 126, (ii) the sentence is manifestly wrong in the sense of being illegal or being unsuitable to the proven facts and circumstances (Fan Yew Teng v. PP [1975] CLJU 38; [1975] 1 LNS 38; [1975] 2 MLJ (FC); Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim (supra ); Loo Choon Fatt (supra ); R v. Teo Cheng Lian [1949] CLJU 81; [1949] 1 LNS 81; [1949] MLJ 70, (iii) the trial judge had acted on wrong principles (R v. Leo De Cruz [1935] MLJ 1 (CA); PP v. Dato' Waad bin Mansor (supra ); Soosainathan v. PP [2001] 6 CLJ 44; [2001] 2 MLJ 377; (iv) the trial judge had erred by taking into consideration irrelevant matters or by committing some error of law (Bhandulanda Jayatilake v. PP [1981] CLJU 139; [1981] 1 LNS 139; [1982] 1 MLJ 83 (FC); Rahim bin Usoff v. PP [1984] 2 CLJ Rep 439; [1985] 1 MLJ 241; PP v. Yap Huat Heng [1986] CLJ Rep 645; [1985] 2 MLJ 424; there has been an infringement of an essential principle of justice as to occasion a substantial miscarriage of justice (Ramli Kechik v. PP [1986] 1 CLJ 308 (SC); PP v. Shari bin Mohd Shariff [2005] 5 CLJ 439; [2005] 3 MLJ 763 Anuar Abdul Aziz v. PP [2005] 6 CLJ 309, (v) the judge failed to appreciate the proper factual basis and materials placed before him (Dato' Waad bin Mansor (supra); Tan Koon Swan (supra), and (v) the judge embarked on some 8 unauthorized or extraneous or irrelevant exercise of discretion (Bhandulanda s (supra ).”
12
Oleh yang demikian, Mahkamah ini secara amnya agak keberatan untuk mengganggu hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Mahkamah bawahan melainkan terdapat kesilapan dan dalam keputusan atau sabitan tersebut serta bercanggah dengan undang-undang sedia ada.
13
Sebagai Mahkamah yang mendengar rayuan, perkara-perkara yang wajar disentuh di dalam sesuatu keputusan berkaitan hukuman telah dinyatakan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes Ibrahim Mahd Nazri v PP [2024] 7 CLJ 709 di mana Hakim Azmi Ariffin HMR telah menyatakan; “[17] An appellate court will not interfere in the trial judge's exercise of sentencing discretion, unless it is shown that the judge had erred in principle, or that the sentence is either manifestly inadequate or grossly excessive. This principle was reiterated by the Court of Appeal in PP v. Ling Leh Hoe [2015] 4 CLJ 869, where it was held that an appellate court in dealing with an appeal against sentence may only interfere in limited circumstances, where:
i
the sentencing judge had made a wrong decision as to the proper factual basis for the sentence;
II
(ii) there had been an error on the part of the trial judge in appreciating the material facts placed before him;
III
(iii) the sentence was wrong in principle; or
IV
(iv) the sentence imposed was manifestly excessive or inadequate. (See R v. Ball [1951] 35 Cr App R 164; Loo Weng Fatt v. PP [2001] 3 SLR 313 at para [65]; PP v. UI [2008] 4 SLR (R) 500).” Analisis dan dapatan Mahkamah [14] Seksyen 14 Akta 792 memperuntukkan seperti berikut; “Amang seksual fizikal atas kanak-kanak Mana-mana orang yang, bagi maksud seksual:
a
menyentuh mana-mana bahagian badan seseorang kanak-kanak;
b
membuatkan seseorang kanak-kanak menyentuh mana-mana bahagian badan orang itu atau bahagian badan mana-mana orang lain;
c
membuatkan seseorang kanak-kanak menyentuh mana-mana bahagian badan kanak-kanak itu sendiri; atau
d
melakukan apa-apa perbuatan lain yang melibatkan kontak fizikal dengan seseorang kanak-kanak tanpa persetubuhan. melakukan suatu kesalahan dan hendaklah apabila disabitkan, dihukum dengan pemenjaraan selama tempoh tidak melebihi dua puluh tahun dan boleh juga dihukum dengan hukuman sebat.” [15] Akta 792 digubal oleh Parlimen sebagai suatu usaha untuk membendung masyarakat dari terus menganiaya kanak-kanak secara seksual dan bertujuan membela nasib kanak-kanak. Ia memperuntukkan satu hukuman yang tinggi memandangkan ianya adalah satu kesalahan yang serius. [16] YB Dato’ Sri Hajah Rohani binti Abdul Karim ketika membentangkan tujuan Rang Undang-undang Akta Kesalahan-kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak-kanak 2017 sepertimana dilaporkan di dalam Penyata Rasmi Parlimen bertarikh 3/4/2017 Bil. 7 telah menyatakan; “Yang Berhormat, kes jenayah seksual di dalam permulaan jawapan saya, adalah dilakukan oleh yang diketahui oleh mangsa dan bila dikata diketahui itu saya telah disebutkan di dalam jawapan saya tadi, diketahui adalah di kalangan ahli keluarga, di kalangan jiran tetangga, di kalangan adik beradik dan sebagainya. Oleh yang demikian Yang Berhormat, bila berlakunya kes ini, dia tidak dilaporkan dan statistik menunjukkan hampir 70 peratus hingga 80 peratus di mana mangsa itu mengenali si pelaku. Jadi yang ini Yang Berhormat, sebab itu Yang Berhormat nanti kalau Yang Berhormat telitikan Rang Undang-undang Kesalahan Jenayah Seksual, kita ada satu fasal Yang Berhormat yang mana yang tahu dan tidak melapor pun kami boleh juga kenakan hukuman. Bermakna kita berkehendakkan semua pihak tampil ke hadapan untuk memberi satu pengadilan kepada kanak-kanak ini. Ada kanak-kanak ini Yang Berhormat yang 18 tahun ke bawah, ada umur 6 bulan, 6 bulan ini siapa yang hendak memberi pengadilan kepada dia. Inilah sebabnya kita ingin merayu kepada semua di sini supaya sama-sama kita menyokong rang undang-undang ini supaya semua pihak yang terbabit boleh dikenakan hukuman. Sebab itu Yang Berhormat kami kena mengadakan banyak awareness sebab kita tidak mahu dilihat rang undang-undang ini hendak menghukum. Akan tetapi sebenar Yang Berhormat ini adalah deterrent supaya jangan buat ya, sebab kadang-kadang Yang Berhormat kalau Yang Berhormat melihat Ya Allah, saya rasa memang tidak sampai hati hendak melihat bagaimana kanak-kanak diperlakukan oleh orang yang dikenali, bermakna orang yang kita percayai. Jadi Yang Berhormat memang banyak. Sebab itulah kami terpanggil sebab bila dilihat Rang Undang-undang Kesalahan Seksual terhadap Kanak-kanak Yang Berhormat, ia lebih kepada memberi kaunseling, perlindungan kepada kanak-kanak tetapi kami tidak dapat pergi kepada si pelaku. Oleh yang demikian memang diadakan rang undang-undang khas untuk kita memberi hukuman setimpal kepada pelaku.” [17] Kata-kata YB Menteri dengan jelas menunjukkan manifestasi bahawa penggubal undang-undang menganggap kesalahan seksual terhadap kanak-kanak adalah merupakan satu kesalahan yang serius. Parlimen yang mewakili masyarakat mengharapkan satu hukuman setimpal dapat dikenakan bagi menghukum setimpalnya pelaku-pelaku jenayah ini. [18] Oleh itu, Mahkamah yang menjatuhkan hukuman sewajarnya mencerminkan hasrat dan niat masyarakat tersebut dilaksanakan seadilnya. Di dalam kes Public Prosecutor v. Loo Choon Fatt [1976] 2 MLJ 256, Hakim Hashim Yeop A Sani HMT (pada ketika itu) ada menyentuh berkaitan niat Parlimen apabila menyatakan; “The amendments passed by Parliament therefore reflect the public policy. It must be presumed that behind the public policy is the consideration of public interest.” [19] Di dalam kes ini, isu yang menjadi hujahan Puan TPR adalah hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Puan HMS langsung tidak mencerminkan keseriusan kesalahan yang dilakukan. Ia tidak setimpal dan wajar diubah oleh Mahkamah ini. [20] Peguam Responden sebaliknya menghujahkan bahawa tiada sebarang kekhilafan oleh Puan HMS dan merujuk Mahkamah ini kepada faktor-faktor mitigasi yang telah dipertimbangkan oleh Puan HMS. Peguam turut membawa perhatian Mahkamah ini ke atas keputusan di dalam kes Azman Mahedin v PP [2020] MLRHU 1567 di mana Hakim Alwi Hj Abdul Wahab HMT (pada ketika itu) telah mengenakan hukuman penjara 6 tahun dan 2 sebatan dan menyatakan; “[25] While I wholly agree that sexual offences against children should be dealt with severely but at the same time, I am also of the view that the severity of the sexual act committed against children varies depending on the facts and circumstances of each and every case. In the instant appeal, what the appellant did was merely touching and rubbing momentarily on the victim's buttock and his action was immediately put off by the victim. This factor, in my view, must be taken into account in passing sentence. I, therefore, agree with the contention of the learned counsel for the appellant that the act of touching can be considered as a very low degree of sexual assaults if compared with the more extreme degree of sexual acts of kissing, licking and inserting fingers into the child victim's private part as demonstrated by the above-mentioned case law. [26] The relevant case law for consideration is the case of Public Prosecutor v. Mad Salleh Naif [2019] SMCU 16; [2019] 5 LNS 16 where the accused in that case was charged under the same section of Act 792 as in the instant appeal. In that case, the accused pleaded guilty for the offence of touching, kissing and licking the victim's private part and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment with 2 strokes of whipping. [27] In the instant appeal, the appellant was sentenced to 8 years which in my view is too high the price to pay for a mild offence of merely touching the victim's buttock momentarily. In the circumstances, I am minded to reduce the sentence of 8 years imposed by the learned SCJ to 6 years. The Court's view on the seriousness of this type of offence is not diminished as the whipping sentence imposed by the learned SCJ is affirmed although the learned counsel for the appellant urged this Court to set aside the whipping sentence as there was no injury or threat caused to the victim. The 6 years imprisonment term, in my view, is sufficient and commensurate as punishment to the appellant for what he had done to his niece despite there was no violenct act and/or threat involved.” [21] Mahkamah mendapati bahawa Puan HMS di dalam alasannya telah menimbangkan faktor-faktor yang relevan seperti ketenteraman awam serta gravity keseriusan jenayah ini. Namun persoalan yang dibangkitkan oleh Puan TPR adalah ianya tidak dicernakan melalui hukuman yang telah dijatuhkan. [22] Mahkamah berpandangan bahawa, seseorang Hakim atau Mejistret, di dalam menjatuhkan hukuman hendaklah memastikan bahawa hukuman tersebut setimpal dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan. Prinsip ini telah diulang dalam banyak nas-nas duluan. Di dalam kes PP v Abdul Halim Ishak & Satu Lagi [2013] 9 CLJ 559, Mahkamah Rayuan telah menyatakan; “[13] Sebagai suatu proposi undang-undang umum, kami ingin menyatakan bahawa sesuatu hukuman yang dijatuhkan hendaklah setimpal (“proportionate”) dengan keseriusan kesalahan yang dilakukan dan tahap (“degree”) kebertanggungjawaban pesalah atau pesalah-pesalah.” [23] Begitu juga di dalam kes PP v Mohamed Danny Mohd Jedi [2018] 1 LNS 50, prinsip kesetimpalan hukuman telah diterangkan seperti berikut; “It is trite law that a sentence must be proportionate to both the seriousness of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the offender. The concept of proportionality was explained in the Canadian Supreme Court Case of R v. Ipeelee [2012] SCC12. [2012] 1 SLR 433 in paragraph 37 as follows: "Proportionality in the sine qua non of a just sanction. First, the principle ensures that a sentence reflects the gravity of the offence. This is closely tied to the objective of denunciation. It promotes justice for victims and ensure public confidence in the justice system...Second, the principle of proportionality ensures that a sentence does not exceed what is appropriate, given the moral blameworthiness of the offender. In this sense, the principles serves a limiting or restraining functioning and ensures justice for the offender” [24] Di dalam kes di hadapan Mahkamah, ia melibatkan satu perbicaraan penuh dan bukannya satu hukuman berdasarkan pengakuan salah. Ia tidak melayakkan Responden untuk diberi pertimbangan peringanan hukuman di atas dasar pengakuan salah. [25] Pembelaan Responden turut tidak menunjukkan bahawa Responden insaf dan menyesal ke atas perbuatannya. Sebaliknya, di dalam pembelaannya, Responden menyatakan telah bertemu dengan mangsa di rumah nenek mangsa beberapa lama selepas kejadian namun mangsa tidak menunjukkan rasa takut atau tidak suka kepadanya. [26] Apa yang dinyatakan oleh Responden bukan sahaja menunjukkan ketiadaan rasa insaf di dalam dirinya, malahan merasakan apa yang dilakukan olehnya adalah suatu perbuatan yang biasa. Malahan Responden menuduh mangsa ingin menganiayanya kerana mangsa tidak menyukainya berkawan dengan ayah mangsa memandangkan Responden adalah seorang penagih dadah. [27] Sikap Responden ini pada hemat Mahkamah menunjukkan Responden tidak merasa bersalah dan oleh itu mewajarkan Responden diberi hukuman yang berat. Ia sebagai satu pengajaran bukan sahaja kepada Responden, tetapi turut sebagai satu peringatan kepada keseluruhan masyarakat. Ini selari dengan prinsip penjatuhan hukuman yang pertama iaitu Mahkamah yang menjatuhkan hukuman perlu memberi pertimbangan ke atas ketenteraman awam. [28] Di dalam kes Ibrahim Mahd Nazri (supra) yang melibatkan hukuman di bawah kesalahan yang sama, Mahkamah Rayuan telah menegaskan; “[20] Based on the authorities mentioned above, we find that the sentence meted out by the learned Sessions Court Judge (affirmed by the learned Judicial Commissioner) is proportional to the commission of the beastly act by the appellant on the children. Considering the alarming increase of sexual offences against children, deterrence has to be the sole aim. Sentence passed shall be deterrent to the appellant specifically so that he would re-offend and likewise it has to be a clear message to would be offenders, to be deterred from committing such crimes. [21] It is beyond doubt that the utmost factor to be taken into consideration is public interest. Circumstances that mitigate the crime such as hardship to the offender and family members if he were sent to long incarceration should not be given undue weight in assessing sentence. The severity of the offence herein outweighs the needs and interest of the appellant particularly in regard to offences of a sexual nature such as in this case. [22] The appellant cannot be allowed to commit an offence only to hide behind the possible repercussions of a lengthy custodial sentence on his family to lighten the sentence imposed. No doubt the appellant has played significant parts in caring for various members of his family, and no doubt his absence will be difficult to his family. [23] Sad to say, the appellant only has himself to blame for that and he should live with the consequences of his own fault. Reference is made to the case of PP v. Teh Ah Cheng [1976] CLJU 116; [1976] 1 LNS 116where the court had this to say: The respondent also puts forward in his plea in mitigation the fact that he is employed and supports an aged mother and step-brothers. He should of course have thought of this before committing the offences and not after; he is in fact pleading hardship arising from the consequences of his own acts and I would reiterate what I had occasion previously to observe in another case that an offender should not expect to excite or harness any sympathy on an ipse dixit by taking the stance of the impetuous youth who killed his parents with an axe and then pleaded in mitigation that he was an orphan. In any event from the probation report it would appear that his family is certainly not without other means of support. The respondent further undertakes to turn over a new leaf, as he puts it. That is as it should be and he should certainly do so but only after the proper and necessary correction has been administered to him in accordance with established principles of law for the offences under consideration in this matter.” [29] Selain itu, Mahkamah ini juga mendapati bahawa, trend hukuman semasa bagi kesalahan yang sama turut menunjukkan hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Puan HMS adalah tidak setimpal. Di dalam kes yang sama iaitu kes Ibrahim Mahd Nazri (supra) Mahkamah Rayuan telah merujuk kepada trend hukuman seperti berikut; “Trend Of Sentencing [24] In Maliki Suratman v. PP [2019] CLJ 656, Case No: B-09- 216-05/2019, the Court of Appeal on 10 March 2022 had found that the sentence of ten years imprisonment imposed against the accused who had touched the child's breast and private part. In this case, the accused was 68 years old and the child was 15 years old at the material time. [25] In Ismail Jali v. PP, Case No: C-09(H)-76-02/2019, the Court of Appeal on 27 January 2022 had affirmed the sentence of ten years imprisonment and three strokes against the accused who had touched the child's breast. In this case, the accused was 56 years old and the child was 14 years old at the material time. [26] In Sulaiman Aswari v. PP, Case No: B-09-29-02-2020, the Court of Appeal on 26 October 2021 had affirmed the sentence of 14 years imprisonment and five strokes of whipping imposed against the accused who had touched, licked and inserted his finger into the child's private part. In this case, the accused was 41 years old and the child was eight years old at the material time. [27] In Mukhtar Ismail v. PP, Case No: D-09-507-10/2019, the Court of Appeal on 1 October 2020 had affirmed the sentence of 11 years imprisonment imposed against the accused who had touched the child's breast and private part. In this case, the accused was 64 years old and the child was 15 years old at the material time. [28] In PP v. Ahmad Hafizal Darusalam, Case No: B-09(H)- 269-06/2019, the Court of Appeal on 18 February 2020 had affirmed the sentence of 12 years imprisonment and four strokes of whipping imposed against the accused who had inserted his finger into the child's private part. In this case, the accused was 25 years old and child was eight years old at the material time. [29] In Md Jahangir v. PP [2020] CLJU 115; [2020] 1 LNS 115; [2020] 10 MLJ 210, Mohd Nazlan Mohd Ghazali J (as he then was) held as follows: [54] My own research shows that the punishment recorded in recent cases for Section 14 offences include Mohamad Izzaini bin Zainudin v. Public Prosecutor [2018] CLJU 1351; [2019] 7 MLJ 366 where the sentence was a jail term of 7 years and one stroke of whipping for each of the three charges, Helerryak Bungkok v. Public Prosecutor [2019] 1 LNS 315; [2019] 10 MLJ 308 where the imprisonment was for 10 years, accompanied with two strokes of whipping for each of the two charges under Section 14(d); and Razali bin Silah v. Public Prosecutor [2019] CLJU 1508; [2019] 1 LNS 1508; [2019] 12 MLJ 205, where a jail term of 4 years and one stroke of whipping was ordered by the Court. ... [59] In my judgment, the sentence meted out against the appellant - of 6 years' imprisonment from the date of arrest and two strokes of whipping is in consonance with a careful attempt to strike a balanced determination of the most proportionate, fair and appropriate punishment for the appellant for having pleaded guilty to the commission of the offence under Section 14(a) of the Sexual Offences against Children Act 2017. [30] In Azman Mahedin v. PP [2020] CLJU 1673; [2020] 1 LNS 1673, Dr Hj Alwi Hj Abdul Wahab J held as follows: [26] The relevant case law for consideration is the case of Public Prosecutor v. Mad Salleh Naif [2019] SMCU 16; [2019] 5 LNS 16 where the accused in that case was charged under the same section of Act 792 as in the instant appeal. In that case, the accused pleaded guilty for the offence of touching, kissing and licking the victim's private part and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment with 2 strokes of whipping. [31] In Muhammad Shahrani Muhammad Sani v. PP [2021] CLJU 720; [2021] 1 LNS 720 Aslam Zainuddin JC (as he then was) held as follows: [1] The appellant was found guilty by the Sessions Court below on two charges under s. 14 of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017 and s. 377B of the Penal Code respectively and was sentenced to ten (10) years imprisonment and ordered to be whipped with two (2) strokes of the rotan on each charge. The imprisonment term was ordered to run concurrently from 14 June 2019. .... [17] An appellate court will not interfere with the sentence imposed by the court below unless it is shown that the sentence imposed was unreasonable or manifestly excessive. [18] Based on the above case law, I reduced the sentence of the accused on both the charges from ten to eight years imprisonment and for case number WA-42JSKS-6-07/20191 reduced the whipping from two to one stroke. Both the imprisonment sentences were ordered to run concurrently. [32] In Suresh Karpaya v. PP [2022] CLJU 1932; [2022] 1 LNS 1932, Abu Bakar Katar J held as follows: [2] Perayu tidak mengaku bersalah atas pertuduhan dan telah diwakili Peguamnya iaitu Tetuan Amarpreet Singh & Co. Perbicaraan penuh telah dijalankan di hadapan Tuan Hakim, Mahkamah Sesyen, Johor Bahru, Johor [Tuan HMS itu]. Di akhir perbicaraan Tuan HMS itu memutuskan Perayu bersalah dan disabitkan atas pertuduhan seksyen 14(a) Akta Kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak-Kanak 2017 [Akta itu]. Tuan HMS itu telah menjatuhi hukuman penjara 6 tahun mulai tarikh sabitan (21.10.2021) dan 2 sebatan rotan. [3] Perayu yang terkilan dengan keputusan Tuan HMS itu telah memfailkan Notis Rayuan ke Mahkamah Tinggi, Johor Bahru atas sabitan dan hukuman [Rekod Rayuan] [RR] [JILID 1] (muka surat (2)-(4)). Mahkamah ini telah mendengar rayuan Perayu, di akhir pendengaran Mahkamah ini menolak rayuan Perayu atas sabitan dan hukuman yang dijatuhi oleh Tuan HMS itu disahkan.” [30] Berdasarkan kepada fakta kes ini, Mahkamah mendapati Responden telah diberi kepercayaan untuk menjaga mangsa namun ibarat “harapkan pagar, pagar makan padi”. Responden yang sepatutnya menjaga mangsa dari sebarang perbuatan jahat, sebaliknya telah melakukan onar ke atas mangsa. Responden ternyata mengambil kesempatan berada berduaan dengan mangsa untuk mengambil kesempatan ke atas seorang kanak-kanak yang mengenalinya. [31] Apatah lagi di dalam kes ini, Responden telah melakukan aksi sehingga hampir menjilat kemaluan mangsa. Jika tidak disebabkan mangsa membuka matanya dan bangun, berkemungkinan perbuatan yang lebih serius mungkin berlaku. Bagi hemat Mahkamah, Puan HMS adalah terkhilaf apabila mengambil faktor bahawa Responden telah menghentikan perbuatannya sebagai suatu faktor peringanan hukuman. Kesimpulan [32] Di atas pertimbangan-pertimbangan ini, Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Puan HMS adalah tidak setimpal dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh Responden. Mahkamah ini bertanggungjawab untuk memastikan hukuman yang lebih setimpal dikenakan. Sayugia itu, rayuan PR dibenarkan dan hukuman Puan HMS adalah digantikan dengan hukuman 10 tahun penjara dari tarikh sabitan (1/11/2023) dan 3 sebatan. Bertarikh: 7hb. November 2024 (DATUK MOHAMAD ABAZAFREE BIN MOHD ABBAS) Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Malaya Alor Setar, Kedah. Pihak-Pihak: Bagi Pihak Perayu : Fatin Farahiyah binti Nadzri Timbalan Pendakwa Raya Wisma Darul Aman Pejabat Penasihat Undang-Undang Aras 4, Blok C Jalan Tengku Bendahara 05250 Alor Setar Kedah Darul Aman Bagi Pihak Responden : Burhanudeen bin Abdul Wahid Grace D’Raj Tetuan Burhan & Company Peguambela & Peguamcara 1564-L1, Wisma Burhan, Jalan Kota 05000 Alor Setar Kedah Darul Aman Tarikh Bicara : 21hb. Mac, 2024 Tarikh Keputusan : 05hb. September, 2024 Undang-Undang Yang Dirujuk: ➢ Akta Kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak-kanak 2017 (Akta 792). Kes-Kes Yang Dirujuk: ➢ KS Saravanan Krishnan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1037; [2016] 1 LNS 1037 ➢ Usman Jumasan v. PP [2016] CLJU 1457; [2016] 1 LNS 1457 ➢ Ibrahim Mahd Nazri v PP [2024] 7 CLJ 709 ➢ Public Prosecutor v. Loo Choon Fatt [1976] 2 MLJ 256 ➢ Azman Mahedin v PP [2020] MLRHU 1567 ➢ PP v Abdul Halim Ishak & Satu Lagi [2013] 9 CLJ 559 ➢ PP v Mohamed Danny Mohd Jedi [2018] 1 LNS 50
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