(ii) Hujahan Responden 465 [21] Pihak Responden pula berhujah bahawa Responden tidak mempunyai niat (mens reas) dalam menyebabkan kematian si mati sepertimana dapatan HMT di akhir kes pembelaan. HMT tidak terkhilaf dalam meminda pertuduhan asal kepada pertuduhan di bawah s.304(a) KK dan mensabitkan Responden di bawah 470 pertuduhan yang dipinda hanya berdasarkan pembelaan Responden. [22] Pihak Responden menghujahkan bahawa pembelaan Responden tidak mempunyai sebarang niat atau motif untuk 475 menyebabkan kematian ke atas si mati dengan merujuk autoriti-autoriti yang dibawah, antaranya: - Nasir Ramli v PP [2021] 8 CLJ 448, Mahkamah Rayuan telah memutuskan seperti berikut: 480 “44] To sustain a charge of murder, the prosecution must bring the case under any one of the four limbs of s. 300 of the Penal Code. If the prosecution failed to discharge or established any one of the four limbs of s. 300, the charge of murder would not have been 485 made out and the case is probably one of culpable homicide not amounting to murder as described under s. 299 of the Penal Code. It is important for the trial judge to have appreciated the distinction between the definitions of culpable homicide and murder under s. 299 and s. 300 of the Penal Code before deciding upon which 490 offence to convict the appellant with.” - Tham Kai Yau & Ors v PP [1976] CLJU 159, Mahkamah Persekutuan telah memutuskan seperti berikut: 495 “A comparison that frequently arises in the application of ss. and 300 is the tenuous contention that s. 299 is not a substantive offence and therefore an offence is either murder or culpable homicide according to whether or not one of the exceptions to s. 300 apply, and if by reason of the absence of the necessary degree 500 of mens rea an offence does not fall within s. 300, it cannot be one of culpable homicide not amounting to murder punishable under s. 304, Penal Code, but would amount to causing grievous hurt. In our view, the correct approach to the application of the two sections is this. Section 299 clearly defines the offence of culpable homicide. 505 Culpable homicide may not amount to murder (a) where the evidence is sufficient to constitute murder, but one or more of the exceptions to s. 300, Penal Code apply, and (b) where the necessary degree of mens rea specified in s. 299 is present, but not the special degrees of mens rea referred to in s. 300, Penal Code. 510 We would like in this connection to express the need to bear in mind that all cases falling within s. 300, Penal Code must necessarily fall within s. 299, but all cases falling within s. 299 do not necessarily fall within s. 300. The first part of s. 304, Penal Code covers cases which by reason of the exceptions are taken out of the purview of 515 s. 300, cll 1, 2, 3 but otherwise would fall within it and also cases which fall within the second part of s. 299, but not within s. 300, cll 2, 3. The second part of s. 304, Penal Code covers cases falling within the third part of s. 299 not falling within s. 300, cl 4.” 520 [23] Pada setiap masa yang material, Responden mengatakan bahawa pergaduhan di antara Responden dan si mati berlaku secara tiba-tiba dan ini telah menyebabkan kecederaan kepada si mati dan pada setiap masa yang material, kecederaan yang dialami oleh si mati adalah selaras dengan unsur pergaduhan secara tiba-tiba. 525 Tiada sebarang bukti atau keterangan yang telah dikemukakan oleh pihak pendakwaan bahawa Responden mempunyai niat dan atau mens reas untuk melakukan pembunuhan ke atas si mati. [24] Pihak Responden menghujahkan bahawa si mati telah 530 melakukan provokasi terhadap Responden dengan mengeluarkan kata-kata kesat dan maki hamun apabila diminta untuk mengurangkan bunyi speaker pada hari kejadian. Akibat daripada provokasi tersebut, telah berlaku satu pergaduhan di antara Responden dan si mati dimana satu senjata berbentuk pisau telah 535 diambil oleh si mati dan berlaku kejadian berebut pisau di antara Responden dan si mati. [25] Dalam pergaduhan tersebut, kedua-dua Responden dan si mati telah mengalami kecederaan, Namun si mati telah meninggal dunia 540 di hospital kerana kecederaan yang dialaminya. Adalah fakta yang tidak dipertikaikan bahawa kedua-dua Responden dan si mati dalam keadaan mabuk ketika pergaduhan tersebut berlaku secara tiba-tiba dan tidak terancang. Ditambah dengan fakta bahawa tiada saksi mata yang mengesahkan bahawa Responden yang telah 545 menyebabkan kecederaan tersebut ke atas si mati. Di dalam kes Tony Rambor V. P [2022] CLJU 2351, Mahkamah Rayuan telah memutuskan seperti berikut: “[17] The defence of grave and sudden provocation in a murder case 550 comes in the form of a special exception in the Penal Code. Exception 1 to section 300 reads as follows: Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, whilst deprived of the power of self-control by grave and sudden provocation, causes 555 the death of the person who gave the provocation, or causes the death of any other person by mistake or accident. [18] If an accused person succeeds in bringing his case within the exception, he may yet be guilty of the offence of culpable homicide not 560 amounting to murder under section 304 of the Penal Code as the defence does not come under Chapter IV which deals with General Exceptions.” [26] Responden berhujah bahawa sudden fight adalah satu pengecualian untuk satu pertuduhan membunuh. Responden 565 merujuk kes Slyvester Indo v PP [2024] CLJU 1960 dimana Mahkamah Rayuan telah memutuskan seperti berikut: “[46] It is trite that whether a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel is enough to prevent the offence from amounting to murder 570 is a question of fact. In our present case, the Appellant submitted that the Prosecution has never proved that the Appellant did in actual fact plan to kill his own father. The Appellant submitted that the Appellant was not in control of himself such that when he saw the deceased beating his mother using rattan, it led to the fatal incident happening, in the heat of passion. 575 The Appellant stated in his written statement as follows; "Selepas saya bergaduh dengan sepupu saya, Salleh Pagon, saya masuk ke bilik rumah untuk menenangkan diri. Dalam masa yang sama, ibu dan bapa saya bertengkar. Saya melihat ayah saya 580 mengambil 2 batang rotan dan terus menuju ke arah mak saya lalu memukul mak saya menggunakan rotan tersebut." [27] Pihak Responden berhujah bahawa HMT telah menilai pembelaan Responden dan mendapati: