Lampiran
Lampiran 11 6.1.2021 @ 9.30 pagi dan 10.40 pagi – Pintu pagar utama berkunci dan tiada sesiapa di premis tersebut. Nama JD dipanggil beberapa kali tetapi tiada jawapan. Loceng pintu pagar ditekan tetapi tiada sesiapa yang keluar. 19.1.2021 (temujanji)-Premis berkunci, tiada sesiapa di premis tersebut. Nama JD dipanggil beberapa kali tetapi tiada jawapan. Loceng pintu pagar ditekan tetapi tiada sesiapa yang keluar. Penyampaian CP Lampiran 21 8.8.2021@ 9.30 pagi dan 10.25 pagi – Pintu pagar utama berkunci dan tiada sesiapa di premis tersebut. Nama JD dipanggil beberapa kali tetapi tiada jawapan. 19.8.2021 (temujanji)-Pintu pagar utama berkunci, loceng ditekan dan tidak berfungsi. Nama JD dipanggil beberapa kali tetapi tiada jawapan. 49. Hasil percubaan-percubaan yang dilakukan JC dengan jelas menunjukkan pintu pagar utama premis tersebut sentiasa berkunci dan tiada sesiapa di premis tersebut. Walaupun nama JD dipanggil dan loceng ditekan, tiada jawapan dari premis tersebut. Dalam hal ini, JC merujuk kepada kes Koh Thong Kuang (supra) di mana Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- “We are of the opinion that the bank and its solicitors were justified in concluding as they did that the appellant was deliberately evading service and in the face of the various addresses he had given as being his residential addresses were entitled, in directing their mind as to what the last known address of the appellant is, to decide on the No. 146 Jalan Maarof address although it was clear that he was no more residing at that address.” 50. Fakta kes tersebut jelas dapat dibezakan dengan fakta kes di hadapan Mahkamah ini. Dalam kes tersebut, JD telah menggunakan pelbagai alamat dalam kertas-kertas kausa yang difailkan dan perkara tersebut yang menyebabkan Mahkamah membuat kesimpulan bahawa JC berhak untuk membuat kesimpulan bahawa JD dengan sengaja mengelak penyampaian kertas kausa Mahkamah. Perkara tersebut dapat dilihat menerusi pemerhatian Mahkamah seperti berikut:- In the said affidavit of 9 April 1993 the appellant states on oath that he resides at 15, Bolton Street, London, England; in another affidavit affirmed on 16 July 1993 he states on oath that his residential address is 14 Condray Place, London SW11 3 PE. In a sale and purchase agreement dated 22 April 1989 his address is given as No. 8, Chendrai Lucky Garden, Kuala Lumpur. A letter from his London solicitors shows that the 15, Bolton Street address is in fact their address. It is obviously unlikely that he resided at that address. In yet another affidavit, this time by his solicitor one R.G. Hillman, the deponent states that he had been advised by the appellant that he resides at No. 7 Little Cedars, Finchley England! 51. Dalam kes di hadapan Mahkamah, JD sentiasa mengambil pendirian konsisten bahawa alamat-alamat penyampaian adalah alamat perniagaan dan alamat kediaman di China yang tertera dalam perjanjian tersebut memandangkan JD telah keluar dari Malaysia sejak 9.3.20. Kegagalan JC dalam menyampaikan kertas kausa secara kediri sebagaimana dinyatakan di perenggan 48 adalah seragam dengan pernyataan JD dan dokumen-dokumen sokongan yang dikemukakan JD bahawa JD telah berada di negara China pada ketika itu. 52. Dalam hal ini, tiada material di hadapan Mahkamah yang menunjukkan bahawa JD telah ke negara China dengan sengaja untuk mengelak penyampaian kertas kausa oleh JC. Berdasarkan fakta kes, JD telah berangkat ke negara China pada 9.3.20, iaitu semasa wabak Covid-19 sedang menular secara luas di seluruh dunia. Fakta ini terbukti apabila Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) telah mendeklarasi penyebaran virus Covid-19 sebagai pandemik global pada 11.3.20. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Rasalechumi Kanagaratnam v Lourdes Medical Services Sdn Bhd [2021] 4 ILR 176; [2021] MELRU 1298 di mana Mahkamah membuat pemerhatian berikut:- “In late 2019 and in early 2020, the world experienced an unprecedented health emergency arising out of a disease known as the Corona Virus Disease 19 (now known as COVID19) which became a pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) describes COVID-19 as an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus which causes respiratory illness. As a consequence of this COVID19 pandemic, movement control of the people became a necessity to contain the spread of the disease worldwide. Due to the pandemic, the Government of Malaysia too imposed a movement control order (MCO) effective 18 March 2020 and it was common knowledge that this first phase of the MCO was imposed for 14 days and which was to end on the 31 March 2020 (subsequently this MCO was further extended from time to time).” 53. Malah, sekatan untuk warga asing memasuki negara hanya dilonggarkan pada 10.10.21 (Artikel Reuters “Malaysia lifts travel restrictions for fully vaccinated people” bertarikh 10.10.2021 dirujuk). Maka, perkara ini menjelaskan kemasukan JD ke nagara hanya pada 26.11.21. Maka, fakta ini harus diambil notis kehakiman oleh Mahkamah ini. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Gek Sing Kaliappan v PP [1999] 6 MLJ 641; [1999] 4 CLJ 292; [1999] 2 MLRH 75; [2000] 1 AMR 1198 di mana Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- "…Judicial notice may be taken of matters of common or general knowledge. A fact is said to be generally recognized or known when its existence or operation is accepted by the public without qualification or contention. The test is whether sufficient notoriety attaches to the fact involved as to make it proper to assume its existence without proof…" 54. JC berhujah bahawa JD kerap membuat perjalanan ke Malaysia dan perkara ini dapat dilihat menerusi pengendorsan dalam passport JD yang menunjukkan bahawa JD telah membuat perjalanan sebanyak 27 kali dari Januari 2018 hingga Mei 2022. Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa JC tersalah arah apabila bergantung kepada rekod perjalanan JD sepanjang tempoh 2018 hingga 2022. Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa rekod perjalanan relevan bagi maksud kes ini adalah dari 16.12.20 iaitu semasa Notis Kebankrapan difailkan sehingga Perintah Kebankrapan diperolehi pada 11.11.21. Sebagaimana dinyatakan di atas, JD telah berangkat ke negara China pada 9.3.20 dan hanya kembali ke Malaysia pada 26.11.21. Maka, JD tidak berada di Malaysia pada sepanjang masa dari tarikh pemfailan Notis Kebankrapan sehinggalah Perintah Kebankrapan diperolehi. 55. Maka, dalam hal ini, adalah penting untuk kewujudan klausa r dalam perjanjian tersebut dan kewujudan alamat-alamat perniagaan dan kediaman di negara China dalam perjanjian tersebut dibawa kepada perhatian Mahkamah oleh JC. Sekiranya perkara tersebut dibawa kepada perhatian Mahkamah, Mahkamah besar kemungkinan telah mengarahkan JC untuk menyampaikan kertas kausa BN dan CP di luar bidang kuasa sebagaimana dalam Kaedah 112 dalam bentuk atau cara yang dianggap sesuai. 56. Undang-undang adalah mantap bahawa sesuatu pihak yang membuat permohonan secara ex-parte perlulah membuat pendedahan penuh dan terbuka. Sekiranya gagal berbuat demikian, sebarang perintah ex-parte yang dibuat berdasarkan salah nyataan atau penyembunyian fakta tersebut boleh diketepikan Mahkamah. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Castle Inn Sdn Bhd v Bumiputra-Commerce Bank Bhd [2009] 1 MLJ 542; [2009] 2 CLJ 445; [2008] 3 MLRA 249; [2008] 6 AMR 541 di mana Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- “[20] It is an established general rule of law that when a party makes an ex parte application to the court of any kind, he must make a full and frank disclosure of all relevant matters… [21] In The King v. The Special Commissioners for The Purposes of the Income Tax Acts for The District of Kensington, ex parte Princess Edmond De Polignac [1917] 1 KB 486, 509, Warrington CJ held, inter alia, as perfectly well settled that a person who makes an ex parte application to the court ie in the absence of the person who will be affected by that which the court is asked to do, is under an obligation to the court to make the fullest possible disclosure of all material facts within his knowledge, and if he does not make that fullest possible disclosure, then he cannot obtain any advantage from the proceedings, and he will be deprived of any advantage he may have already obtained by reason of the order which has thus wrongly been obtained by him. [22] Within our shores, in Creative Furnishing Sdn. Bhd v. Wong Koi @ Wong Khoon Foh d/a Syarikat Sri Jaya [1989] 2 CLJ 93, 96; [1989] 1 CLJ (Rep) 22 SC, Mohd. Azmi SCJ (as he then was) explained that: (1) In presenting affidavit evidence for an ex parte order, it is incumbent upon an applicant to make full and frank disclosure of all material facts; (2) Every material representation must not be misleading, and there must not be any suppression of material facts; and (3) Failure to do so at the crucial time of making the ex parte application would invariably be fatal. [23] A similar sentiment was shown by Steve Shim J (later CJ SS) in Yeoh Kee Aun, supra, at p. 514 to the effect that where there is a failure to disclose material facts within his knowledge in an ex parte application by a party or where there is any material misrepresentation, it will result in the court setting aside the ex parte order obtained. [24] I would respectfully add that the raison d'tere, for the aforesaid established general rule of law, is that an ex parte application is an application uberrimae fidei ie of the utmost good faith and the court has to rely on the unilateral version of the applicant who must candidly and faithfully tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Anything short of that utmost good faith will invariably render the ex parte application fundamentally flawed and on that ground alone, result in the inevitable setting aside of the ex parte order so obtained.” 57. Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Poh Gaik Lye (supra) di mana Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan bahawa:- “[18] With respect we are not able to agree with learned counsel for the simple reason that when any application is made to the courts especially an ex parte basis and in this case counsel was dispensed with attendance, applicants must make full, frank and accurate disclosure to the court. They are duty bound to do so. The courts expect no less…” 58. Dengan mengetahui alamat-alamat penyampaian JD di luar bidang kuasa menurut perjanjian, sebarang perintah penyampaian ganti yang diperolehi JC di alamat Johor, walaupun alamat tersebut tidak berpenghuni, menyebabkan perintah-perintah tersebut tidak berhasil dalam mencapai objektif untuk membawa prosiding kebankrapan kepada perhatian JD. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Re Subramaniam Palani (supra) di mana Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- “[30] It seems plain to me that if the service is made indirectly by way of substituted service, the critical objective that must be achieved is to ensure that the defendant/judgment debtor has reasonably been made aware of the service of the legal proceedings. Otherwise, justice is not done albeit seen to have been done…” 59. Mahkamah mendapati, berbeza dengan kes Koh Thong Kuang (supra) di mana JD berjaya memfailkan afidavit bantahan dalam tempoh 2 hari dari tarikh penyampaian ganti tersebut, JD dalam kes ini hanya mengetahui kewujudan perintah kebankrapan bertarikh 11.11.21 terhadap dirinya apabila JD tidak dapat memasuki Perjanjian Jual Beli kerana namanya telah disenarai hitam, dan lanjutan itu, carian fail telah dilakukan oleh peguam JD pada 13.5.22. 60. Mahkamah seterusnya merujuk kepada kes Peh Kong Wan, Re [1992] 2 MLJ 292; [1992] 3 CLJ Rep 195; [1992] 4 MLRH 435. Dalam kes tersebut, JC telah memperolehi penghakiman terhadap JD pada 21.9.76. Pada 8.3.88 iaitu selepas hampir 12 tahun, JC telah memperolehi kebenaran untuk menguatkuasakan penghakiman tersebut. Seterusnya, JC telah menyampaikan BN secara penyampaian ganti iaitu dengan penampalan di premis, penampalan di Papan Notis Mahkamah dan pengiklanan di surat khabar. JD tidak hadir ke prosiding pendengaran CP pada 14.9.88. Dengan demikian, perintah AORO telah diperolehi terhadap JD. Pada 4.12.91, JD memohon untuk mengetepikan perintah AORO tersebut dan dalam Afidavit Sokongan, JD mendakwa bahawa ia tidak mengetahui kewujudan Petisyen tersebut dan sejak 1976, ia tidak berdomisil atau tinggal di Malaysia. Dalam memutuskan kes ini, Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- “One disturbing aspect of this case was the manner in which the service of the process was effected. The Bankruptcy Rules prescribe rules in respect of the service of the petition. Rule 109 provides that service of the petition has to be personal service. Rule 110 provides for substituted service. Substituted service is granted where "the debtor is keeping out of the way to avoid service... or for an other cause...". There is a further rule, r. 113, that deals with service of the petition out of the jurisdiction. The Court orders the service out of the jurisdiction to be made within such time and in such manner and form as it thinks fit. Where the respondent is out of the jurisdiction of the Court r. has to be invoked. …In particular in respect of applications for substituted service where it is known or ought to be known that the respondent has ceased to reside in the last known address (as was the case here) the Registrar should be provided with some evidence as to the probable whereabouts of the respondent. The petitioner should make reasonable enquiries as to the whereabouts of the respondent and if it is suspected that he is out of the jurisdiction that suspicion should be brought to the attention of the Court so that the order for substituted service could be formulated to the end that the respondent will in all probability get to know of the fact of the bankruptcy notice or the presentation of the petition as the case may be…It seems to me if that had been effectively done, in all probability it would have been known that the respondent had moved to Singapore and the order for substituted service could have included a need to advertise in the Singapore press. The manner in which substituted service is to be effected has to be meaningful and not treated as a meaningless formality.” 61. Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Liu Ren-Shuenn v Lee Chiu-Pin [1995] MLJU 174; [1995] 1 LNS 392; [1995] 6 MLTH 706. Dalam kes tersebut, Defendan memohon untuk mengetepikan Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran yang diperolehi ke atas dirinya. Dalam permohonan tersebut, Defendan antara lain mendakwa bahawa ia adalah warganegara Taiwan dan memegang passport negara Taiwan dan merupakan penduduk tetap Singapura sejak 1992. Defendan mendakwa mempunyai perniagaan di Singapura, Malaysia dan Taiwan dan pada kebiasaan akan pulang ke negara Taiwan bagi menguruskan perniagaannya di sana. Memandangkan Defendan tinggal di luar bidangkuasa, Defendan mendakwa bahawa prosedur yang seharusnya diikuti Plaintif adalah dengan menyampaikan kertas-kertas kausa tersebut di luar bidang kuasa dan bukan melalui Penyampaian Ganti selepas percubaan penyampaian di alamat Syarikat bernama MC Industry Sdn Bhd di Pulau Pinang telah gagal. Dalam memutuskan permohonan Defendan tersebut, Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa:- “In applying to effect substituted service on the defendant, the plaintiff's solicitor who affirmed the affidavit in enclosure (8) in support of the application for substituted service in enclosure (9) did not reveal that the defendant was a national of Taiwan or that he was aware that the defendant had an address in Taiwan. The address of the defendant was given in the writ as being "d/a" the company [meaning "di alamat" in Bahasa Malaysia which is the equivalent of "care of"] despite the plaintiff having in his possession the address of the defendant in Taiwan as stated in the share certificate and in the letter the defendant wrote to the board of directors of the company requesting that his shares in the company be transferred to the plaintiff… In the present action, there was not an iota of evidence forthcoming from the plaintiff in his application for substituted service to show that the defendant was within the jurisdiction at the material time and that he went out of the jurisdiction to evade service when the writ was issued. On the other hand, there is uncontroverted evidence from the defendant that he was out of the jurisdiction at all material times as the nature of his business interests required him to travel. Therefore it is the view of the court that service should have been effected on him in accordance with Order 11 and not by way of substituted service… Similarly, in the present action, the plaintiff knew the defendant's address in Taiwan and he should therefore not have applied for substituted service, it being immaterial that the defendant was in fact residing in Singapore then. The court finds that in the circumstances the plaintiff's solicitor acted improperly in affirming an affidavit which was not based upon the prevailing factual situation, thereby resulting in the order of substituted servise being made irregularly… The court was of the view that the defendant was entitled to have the order for substituted service set aside ex debito justitiae as neither of the necessary conditions precedent to apply for the said order, namely that the defendant was within the jurisdiction and was evading service or that he had gone out of the jurisdiction in order to evade service, existed when the said order was made.” 62. Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa prinsip kes-kes tersebut terpakai dalam kes ini di mana sekiranya JC membawa perhatian Mahkamah kepada klausa r dalam perjanjian tersebut semasa memohon penyampaian ganti BN dan CP, Mahkamah seharusnya telah memerintahkan JC untuk menyampaikan kertas-kertas kausa tersebut di luar bidang kuasa menurut Kaedah 112 sebagaimana dalam bentuk dan cara yang bersesuaian memandangkan pada kesemua percubaan penyampaian BN dan CP, premis yang cuba disampaikan sentiasa berkunci dan tidak berpenghuni. Kegagalan JC untuk membuat pendedahan penuh dan terbuka semasa membuat permohonan penyampaian ganti bukan sahaja bertentangan dengan klausa r kepada Perjanjian tersebut, malah turut membolehkan Mahkamah mengetepikan perintah-perintah penyampaian ganti BN dan CP sebagaimana diputuskan dalam kes Castle Inn (supra). KESIMPULAN 63. Berdasarkan alasan-alasan yang dinyatakan di atas, Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa JC telah gagal mematuhi klausa r dalam perjanjian di antara JC dan JD berkenaan penyampaian kertas kausa Mahkamah, dan telah gagal membuat pendedahan penuh dan terbuka berkenaan kewujudan klausa tersebut semasa membuat permohonan untuk penyampaian ganti BN dan CP. Maka, Mahkamah berpendapat bahawa Perintah Penyampaian Ganti BN dan CP yang diperolehi adalah tidak teratur dan dengan demikian, permohonan JD masing-masing dalam Lampiran 36 dan Lampiran 38 adalah dibenarkan dengan kos RM1,000.00 bagi setiap permohonan dibayar oleh JC kepada JD. Bertarikh: 19 Oktober 2022 Disediakan oleh, …………………………………. ARUN A/L NOVAL DASS Timbalan Pendaftar Mahkamah Tinggi Malaya Johor Bahru Pihak-pihak: 1. Tetuan A.B. Ng & Associates Peguamcara Penghutang Penghakiman No.10 & 12, Jalan Melaka Raya 28, 75000 Melaka [No Ruj: AB/LIT/SH/12598/2022] … Ng Aik Beng Chiam Zi En bersama Siti Fatimah Bt Rahumatullah 2. Tetuan Skrine Peguamcara Pemiutang Penghakiman No.50-8-1, Tingkat 8, Wisma UOA Damansara, 50, Jalan Dungun, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur [No Ruj:LWH/KQX/fi/2192404.0] … Witter Yee Chew Sue Peng Kes-kes yang dirujuk: 1. Zairiana Hundari v AmBank (M) Berhad [2016] MLJU 959; [2016] 1 LNS 1318; [2016] MLRHU 1011 2. Lim Boon Kiak v Affin Bank Bhd [2014] 1 MLJ 439; [2013] 6 CLJ 579; [2013] 5 MLRA 381; [2013] 4 AMR 303 3. Re Subramaniam Palani; Ex P Tharenpalan Subramaniam [2015] MLJU 888; [2015] 6 CLJ 928; [2015] MLRHU 413; [2015] AMEJ 1165 4. Re: Cheong Yong Yin; Ex Parte: Kerajaan Malaysia [2021] MLJU 2593; [2021] 1 LNS 2214; [2021] MLRHU 2095; [2021] AMEJ 1950 5. S. Nirmala Muthiah Selvarajah, Re: Ex P; The New Straits Times Press (M) Bhd [1988] 2 MLJ 616; [1987] CLJ Rep 799; [1986] 1 MLRH 620 6. Poh Gaik Lye v AmFraser Securities Pte Ltd; [2015] 1 MLJ 453; [2014] 10 CLJ 79; [2013] MLRAU 453 7. AmFraser Securities Pte Ltd v Poh Gaik Lye [2016] 4 MLJ 314; [2016] 6 CLJ 637; [2016] 4 MLRA 595; [2016] 4 AMR 205 8. Azman Jufri v Medtronic Australasia Pty Ltd & Another Appeal [2015] 6 MLJ 841; [2015] 5 CLJ 1026; [2015] 4 MLRA 312; [2015] 4 AMR 45 9. Ong Ah Kooi v Public Finance Bhd [1992] 3 CLJ Rep 156; [1991] 3 MLRH 610 10. Koh Thong Kuang v United Malayan Banking Corporation Berhad [1994] 3 MLJ 509; [1994] 4 CLJ 488; [1994] 1 MLRA 390; [1994] 3 AMR 2239 11. Per: Lim Cheng Fu lwn Ex-Parte: Heap Yee Brothers Contract Farming Sd Bhd [2021] MLJU 1997; [2021] LNS 1549 12. Malayan Banking Berhad v Khairuddin Abd Rahman & Satu lagi [2022] 1 LNS 621 13. Southern Finance Company Bhd v Zamrud Properties Sdn Bhd [1998] MLJU 87 14. Credit Guarantee Corporation Malaysia Bhd v Supermaniam Selitan [2021] 9 MLJ 828; [2021] 4 CLJ 516; [2021] 4 MLRH 143; [2021] AMEJ 0137 15. Integrated Training and Services Sdn Bhd v Kerajaan Malaysia & Ors [2022] 3 MLJ 77; [2022] 4 CLJ 697; [2022] 4 MLRA 138; [2022] 4 AMR 389 16. Rasalechumi Kanagaratnam v Lourdes Medical Services Sdn Bhd [2021] 4 ILR 176; [2021] MELRU 1298 17. Gek Sing Kaliappan v PP [1999] 6 MLJ 641; [1999] 4 CLJ 292; [1999] 2 MLRH 75; [2000] 1 AMR 1198 18. Castle Inn Sdn Bhd v Bumiputra-Commerce Bank Bhd [2009] 1 MLJ 542; [2009] 2 CLJ 445; [2008] 3 MLRA 249; [2008] 6 AMR 541 19. Peh Kong Wan, Re [1992] 2 MLJ 292; [1992] 3 CLJ Rep 195; [1992] 4 MLRH 435 20. Liu Ren-Shuenn v Lee Chiu-Pin [1995] MLJU 174; [1995] 1 LNS 392; [1995] 6 MLTH 706