dalam apa-apa hal, menyatakan atau memperihalkan dokumen berkenaan dengan yang perintah diminta dan ditunjukkan, sekiranya praktikal dengan sebutan kepada mana-mana pliding yang disampaikan atau diniatkan untuk disampaikan dalam prosiding, bahawa dokumen adalah relevan kepada suatu isu yang berbangkit atau berkemungkinan berbangkit daripada tuntutan yang dibuat atau berkemungkinan dibuat dalam prosiding atau identiti pihak yang berkemungkinan kepada prosiding, atau keduaduanya, dan orang itu yang terhadapnya perintah itu diminta adalah berkemungkinan untuk berada atau pernah berada dalam milikan, jagaan atau kuasanya…………….. 10 [27] Bersandarkan kepada Aturan tersebut, adalah ketara bahawa mahkamah mempunyai budibicara untuk mengarahkan penzahiran apa-apa dokumen pada mana-mana peringkat prosiding apabila mahkamah berpendapat bahawa perintah tersebut adalah perlu untuk memutuskan secara adil kausa atau perkara tersebut. Ke arah itu budibicara mahkamah perlu dilaksanakan secara adil dan berdasarkan kepentingan terbaik keadilan (in the best intertest of justice) dengan memberi pertimbangan setiap masa kepada hal keadaan kes – Rotta Research Laboratarium SPA & Anor v Ho Tack Sien & Ors (2010) 8 MLJ 733. [28] Mahkamah berpendapat, 3 kriteria yang perlu dipatuhi oleh pemohon untuk penzahiran, iaitu pertama, bahawa dokumen tersebut telah dikenali secara spesifik. Kedua, bahawa ia adalah relevan untuk kes pemohon (Plaintif) dalam kes ini, dan ketiga bahawa dokumen-dokumen tersebut berada di dalam milikan Defendan telah berjaya dipenuhi oleh Plaintif. [29] Keperluan ini telah dinyatakan di dalam satu kes tersohor Mahkamah Agung, di dalam kes Yekambaran s/o Marimuthu v Malayawata Stell Sdn Bhd [1993] MLJU 96; [1994] 2 CLJ 581 di mana mahkamah memutuskan: “The essential elements for an order for discovery are threefold; namely, first, there must be a ‘document’, secondly, the document must be ‘relevant’ and thirdly, the document must be or have been in the ‘possession, custody or power’ of the party against whom the order for discovery is sought………..As to ‘relevance’, our Rules of 11 the High Court limit discovery to documents which are ‘relevant to’ or ‘relate’ to the factual issues in dispute.” [30] Di dalam kes Daris & Anor v Eli Lily & Co & Ors (1987) 1 WLR 428, Hakim Donaldson, Master of Rolls telah menyentuh mengenai rasional pemberian perintah penzahiran seperti berikut: “The right (to discovery) is peculiar to the common law jurisdiction. In plain language, litigation in this country is conducted ‘cards face up on the table’. Some people from other lands regard this as incomprehensible. ‘Why’, they ask, ‘should I be expected to provide my opponent with the means of defeating me? ‘The answer, of course, is that litigation is not a war or even a game. It is designed to do real justice between opposing parties, and, if the court does not have all the relevant information, it cannot achieve this object. But that said, there have to be safeguards. The party who is required to place all or most of his cards face up on the table is entitled to say. ‘Some of these cards are highly confidential. You may see them for the purpose of this litigation but, unless their contents are disclosed to all the world as part of the evidence given in open court, their contents must be used for no other purpose’. This is only fair, because as has been well said, discovery of documents involves a serious invasion of privacy which can be justified only in so far as it is absolutely necessary for the achievement of justice between the parties.” 12 [31] Hakim Abdul Malik Ishak J di dalam kes Folin & Brothers Sdn Bhd v Wong Foh Lin & Ors (2001) 2 MLJ 23; (2001) 5 CLJ 476 berkata: “The whole process of discovery is subject to the control of the court. Effectively applied and appropriately used, discovery is the surest way to appraise the strengths or weaknesses of the opponent’s case.” [32] Berbalik kepada kes ini, mahkamah telah meneliti dan menilai semua kertas kausa/affidavit berkenaan, hujahan pihak-pihak dan otoriti-otoriti yang telah dirujuk, dan menerima pakai prinsip di dalam Yekambara (supra). Sekali lagi ditekankan, mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa ketiga-tiga kriteria tersebut telah berjaya dipenuhi oleh Plaintif/Pemohon dan mewajarkan mahkamah ini menggunakan budibicaranya untuk membenarkan permohonan ini. [33] Mengenai elemen pertama iaitu elemen dokumen, mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa, permohonan penzahiran oleh Plaintif adalah jelas dan lengkap iaitu untuk pengemukaan dokumen-dokumen yang berupa rekod-rekod perubatan, sebarang laporan siasatan dalaman dan nota-nota berkenaan sebarang prosiding siasatan dalaman perihal simati, ‘Mamauod Bin Talib (No. K/P: 550207-03-5291) yang mana termasuk laporan ‘post mortem’ si mati. Dokumen-dokumen ini adalah perlu kerana si mati pernah mendapat rawatan di hospital Defendan Pertama (HRPZ II) dan setelah kematian si mati, ‘post mortem’ telah dilaksanakan oleh Defendan Pertama (HRPZ II). 13 [34] Menurut seksyen 3 ‘Interpretation Act 1948 and 1967’ (Akta 388), ‘dokumen’ ditafsirkan sebagai berikut: “‘document’ means any matter express or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or mark, by more than one of those means, intended to be used or which may be for the purpose of recording that matter.” [35] Berkenaan elemen kedua iaitu ‘relevancy’, mahkamah bersetuju dengan hujahan Plaintif bahawa dokumen-dokumen tersebut sememangnya relevan kepada permohonan Plaintif yang mana Plaintif di dalam tindakan ini hanya memohon untuk akses kepada dokumen tersebut dan bukan merupakan satu tindakan undang-undang berdasarkan kausa tindakan terhadap Defendan-Defendan di dalam permohonan ini. [36] Di dalam kes Manilal & Sons (Pte) Ltd v Bhupendra KJ Shan (TA JB International) [1990] 2 MLJ 282; [1990] 3 CLJ (Rep) 786, Chao Hick Jin, Hakim di muka surat 796 memutuskan, mengenai ‘relevency’: “Under the general order of court for discovery, a party is obliged to make discovery of all documents relevant to the matters in question in the action. What are the matter in question would depend on the pleadings. A document relates to the matter in question in the action if it contains information which may – not which must – either directly enable the party requiring the discovery to advance his own case or to damage the case of his adversary or 14 which may fairly lead to a train of inquiry may have either of those two consequences.” [37] Bagi elemen ketiga iaitu milikan (possession), mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa dokumen-dokumen tersebut berada di dalam milikan Defendan Pertama (HRPZ II) yang mana Defendan Pertama (HRPZ II) pada peringkat awalnya bersetuju dengan permohonan penzahiran dokumen oleh Plaintif melalui surat mereka bertarikh 14 /03/2017 (ekshibit SF-1 dalam Afidavit Jawapan Plaintif yang diikrarkan pada 15/06/2017) tetapi kemudiannya menarik balik persetujuan tersebut oleh kerana beberapa syarat yang tidak dipersetujui oleh pihak-pihak. [38] Keputusan mahkamah untuk menggunakan bicara mahkamah untuk membenarkan pemohonan ini adalah juga berpandukan kepada otoriti-otoriti yang relevan seperti berikut: [39] Di dalam kes Infoline Sdn Bhd v Benjamin Lim Keong Hoe (2017) 1 LNS 91, Yang Arif Hakim Mahkamah Rayuan telah memutuskan interalia: “[8] First, on the matter of power to order disclosure or discovery of the Trust Deed, the High Court examined Order 24 rule 7A and Order 80 of the Rules of the Court 2012 to find necessary discretionary power. The question was one of appropriateness in ordering disclosure. Based on case authorities cited by both sides, the High Court found that the Respondent, as a beneficiary, generally has a right to seek disclosure of the trust document since a beneficiary is 15 entitled to the protection of the Court under its supervisory jurisdiction. On the matter of disruption and that disclosure is 'highly prejudicial", the Court did not consider the reason of merit given the lack of explanations and elaboration on how a disclosure "shall have such an impact", especially after perusing the copy of the Trust Deed. Seen in its "proper perspective, in that all the plaintiff is asking here is to have a copy of the Trust Deed dated 18.5.1990 in which he was, before his removal, a beneficiary", and that at this stage, the respondent was " merely seeking to have sight of the Trust Deed and to make a copy thereof, no more no less"; that the respondent was not seeking for the disclosure of the reason behind the exercise of discretion in removing the respondent as a beneficiary; that whether or not the respondent would file and action subsequently to challenge his removal as beneficiary was a " separate matter" and that the issue of whether he was properly removed or otherwise " is not yet an issue"; the respondent's application was accordingly allowed on terms.” [40] Sama di dalam kes di hadapan mahkamah ini, permohonan penzahiran ini hanyalah untuk melihat dan mengetahui punca kematian/kecederaan dan bukan bagi maksud satu kausa tindakan (‘suit’). [41] Berkenaan dokumen tersebut adalah dokumen-dokumen kononnya sulit, Mahkamah Rayuan di dalam kes Infoline (supra) telah mengambil pendekatan seperti berikut: 16 “[9] Although agreeing that confidentiality of the trust documents is an important consideration when determining whether or not a trustee should make disclosure of information relating to the trust, Her ladyship was nevertheless of the opinion that confidentiality should be weighed or balanced with the right of the beneficiary or ex-beneficiary, in wanting……..” [42] Berbalik kepada kes di hadapan mahkamah ini, kerahsiaan dokumen-dokumen itu perlu diimbangkan dengan hak Plaintif sebagai balu si mati untuk meneliti sahaja dokumen-dokumen berkenaan untuk mengetahui punca kematian si mati seperti mana diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Rayuan seperti di atas. Ianya bukan untuk mengambil tindakan undang-undang (suit) terhadap Defendan Pertama (HRPZ II), seperti yang dihujahkan Plaintif. [43] Mahkamah juga tertarik dengan keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi Kuala Lumpur di dalam kes Nurul Husna Muhammad Hafiz & Anor v Kerajaan Malaysia & Ors di mana Y.A Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera JC memutuskan: