Rujukan dibuat kepada buku teks Clerk of Lindsell on Torts (20th edition), di mana definisi pencerobohan dan kacau ganggu dihuraikan seperti berikut: “Trespass differs from nuisance in that it is a direct as opposed to a consequential injury, and is actionable S/N Cl74QEptiUqrPmuqnLIjrA without proof of damage, whereas damage must be proved in nuisance. Thus, if a defendant throws stones, rubbish or other materials of any kind on the land of another, or if he sends the stinking water in his yard into his neighbour’s cellar, these are acts of trespass for which he will be responsible without any proof of damage. But if a defendant causes such material to pass on the claimant’s land as the result of the exercise of his own rights of property, as where he fixes a spout on his roof, whereby the rain-water is discharged on the claimant’s land, or suffers his privy to be out of repair, whereby the fifth flows into his neighbour’s cellar, or allows the branches of his trees to spread over his boundary, or the roots of his trees to grow into his neighbour’s land, or permits storm-water or sewage to flow on to his land, or a game of cricket results in the escape of balls hit over the boundary. These are acts of nuisance, not trespass …” S/N Cl74QEptiUqrPmuqnLIjrA Keputusan Mahkamah 33. Berhubung dengan isu topografi hartanah plaintif dan hartanah defendan adalah terbukti melalui keterangan plaintif bahawa walaupun keadaan landskap di antara sempadan hartanah beliau dan hartanah defendan adalah pada aras yang sama tetapi terdapat satu bukit di sebahagian tanah defendan. Cerun bukit tersebut adalah lebih kurang 3 meter daripada sempadan tanah plaintif dan defendan.