Lampiran
Lampiran A kepada Senarai Pemeriksaan (eks. P19). (1) 12 guni plastik warna putih bertulisan cina mengandungi bahan disyaki dadah yang ditandakan sebagai 'G1-G12' (eks. P40(1-12); (2) Satu guni kertas warna coklat mengandungi bahan disyaki dadah; (3) Satu kotak kertas warna coklat yang didalamnya terdapat dua bungkusan plastik warna merah jambu dan satu bungkusan plastik warna putih berisi bahan disyaki dadah; (4) Satu kotak kayu yang mengandungi 37 besi pencetak pil; dan (5) Satu set mesin pengisar. (B) Di dalam bilik tidur kedua bahagian atas rumah (lihat Lampiran A kepada Senarai Pemeriksaan (eks. P19). (1) Satu bekas plastik biru berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P24(1)); (2) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung (eks. P45) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P45A); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (3) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung warna hijau (eks. P46) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P46A); (4) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P47) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P47A); (5) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P48) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P48A); (6) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung ungu (eks. P49) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P49A); (7) Satu mesin memproses pil (eks. P50); (8) Satu berus cat (eks. P51); (9) Satu corong aluminium (eks. P52); (10) Satu bekas plastik warna putih (eks. P53); (11) Satu alat penimbang (eks. P54); (12) Sepasang sarung tangan warna biru (eks. P55A-B); (13) Alat penghawa dingin jenama 'Deer' (eks. P41); (14) Satu mesin pengisar warna silver jenama 'JS' (eks. P56); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (15) Satu mesin pengisar warna putih jenama 'Preethi Chepro Plus' (eks. P57); (16) Satu mesin aluminium tulisan cina warna hijau (eks. P58); (17) Satu bekas plastik bulat (eks. P59); (18) Satu mesin pengisar aluminium (tiada di mahkamah); (19) Satu pelapik gabus empat segi (eks. P60); (20) Satu pelapik gabus (eks. P61); (21) Satu senduk warna putih (eks. P62); (22) Satu bekas penyeduk warna merah (eks. P63) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P63A); (23) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar (eks. P64) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P64A); (24) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar empat segi (eks. P65); (25) Satu sudip besi (eks. P66); (26) Satu berus cacat warna kuning (eks. P67); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (27) Satu corong plastik warna putih (eks. P68); (28) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar (eks. P30); (29) Satu berus tangkai berwarna biru (eks. P145); (30) Satu bekas warna biru bertutup bertulisan 'ISO Mass Xtreme Gainer (eks. P69) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P69A); (31) Satu alat pengacau aluminium (eks. P70); (32) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bulat (eks. P71); (33) Satu bekas plastik warna ungu (eks. P72); (34) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks P41); (35) Satu bekas plastik warna ungu (eks. P73); (36) Satu bekas plastik warna ungu (eks. P74): (37) Satu bekas plastik warna merah jambu (eks. P75); (38) Satu bekas plastik warna merah ungu (eks. P76); (39) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P77); (40) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P78); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (41) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P79); (42) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P80); (43) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P81); (44) Satu bekas plastik warna cerah (eks. P82); (45) Satu bekas plastik warna biru (eks. P83); (46) Satu bekas plastik warna merah (eks. P84) (47) Penapis plastik warna hijau (eks. P85); (48) Penapis plastik warna hijau (eks. P86); (49) Penapis plastik warna ungu (eks. P87); (50) Penapis plastik warna biru (eks. P88); (51) Satu guni plastik berwarna putih bertulisan cina di dalamnya terdapat satu plastik lutsinar berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P89); (52) Satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P90) yang mengandungi empat plastik lutsinar berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P90A(1), P90B(1), P90C(1) dan P90D(1); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (53) Satu senduk besi tangkai warna hitam (eks. P91); (54) Penapis plastik warna merah (eks. P92); (55) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan di dalamnya terdapat serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P93); (56) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan (eks. P94); (57) Satu sudip besi (eks. P95); (58) Satu penyeduk plastik (eks. P96); (59) Satu alat pengacau aluminium (eks. P97); (60) Satu senduk bertangkai warna oren (eks. P98); (61) Satu senduk plastik warna putih (eks. P99); (62) Satu senduk penapis aluminium (eks. P100); (63) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung (eks. P101); (64) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P102) di dalamnya terdapat serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P102A); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (65) Satu bekas plastik empat segi warna hijau (eks. P103); (66) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna hijau (eks. P104) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P104A); (67) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P105) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P105A); (68) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P106) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P106A); (69) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna kuning (eks. P107) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P107A); (70) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P108) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P108A); (71) Satu bekas plastik warna kekuningan bertudung warna hijau (eks. P109) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P109A); (72) Satu bekas plastik warna hijau muda (eks. P110) dan serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P110A); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (73) Satu bekas plastik (eks. P111) mengandungi serbuk warna ungu disyaki dadah (eks. P111A); (74) Penyodok plastik warna biru muda (eks. P112); (75) Satu bekas plastik bulat warna kelabu (eks. P113); (76) Satu bekas plastik warna biru (eks. P114); (77) Satu bekas plastik warna oren (eks. P115); (78) Satu penyodok plastik warna putih (eks. P116); (79) Satu penapis plastik warnna merah (eks. P117); (80) Satu penapis plastik warna putih (eks. P118); (81) Satu penapis plastik warna kuning (eks. P119); (82) Satu alat penimbang digital jenama 'SF-400' (eks. P120); (83) Satu alat penimbang digital jenama 'Tanita' (eks. P121); (84) Satu penapis warna kuning (eks. P122); (85) Satu bekas plastik warna putih (eks. P123); (86) Satu bekas plastik warna putih (eks. P124); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (87) Satu berus cat bertangkai kayu (eks. P125); (88) Satu berus cat bertangkai kayu (eks. P126); (89) Satu plastik lutsinar (ID 34) (tiada di mahkamah); (90) Satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P127); (91) Satu bekas plastik bulat berwarna coklat (eks. P128); (92) Satu bekas plastik berwarna hijau (eks. P129); (93) Satu dulang aluminium (eks. P130); (94) Satu bekas plastik acuan pil (eks. P131); (95) Satu bekas plastik acuan pil (eks. P132); (96) Satu bakul sampah plastik warna merah jambu (eks. P133); (97) Satu vacum jenama 'Bosch' (eks. P134); (98) Satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P135) di dalamnya mengandungi plastik-plastik (eks. P135A); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (99) Satu bungkusan plastik (eks. P136) di dalamnya mengandungi karung aluminium (eks. P136A); (100) Satu botol kaca (eks. P137) dan cecair disyaki dadah dalamnya (eks P137A); (101) Satu alat penimbang sangkut (eks. P 138); (102) Satu penyeduk plastik warna putih (eks. P139); (103) Satu berus plastik warna putih (eks. P140); (104) Satu penyeduk air (eks. P141); (105) Satu jam dinding (eks. P142); (106) Satu penapis aluminium (eks. P143); (107) Satu bekas plastik bulat bertudung warna kelabu (eks. P144) berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P144A); (108) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertutup warna merah (eks. P24(20) di dalamnya empat plastik lutsinar berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P24(20)(A-D); (109) Satu bekas plastik bertudung warna merah (eks. P177); (110) Satu penapis aluminium (eks. P146); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (111) Satu sudip besi (eks. P147); (112) Satu senduk plastik warna putih (eks. P148); (113) Satu senduk plastik warna putih (eks. P149); (114) Satu bekas plastik warna putih bertudung hitam (eks. P150) di dalamnya mengandungi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P150A); (115) Satu bekas plastik lutsinar bertudung warna merah (eks. P24(22) di dalamnya terdapat satu plastik lutsinar berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P24(22)(A); (116) Satu bekas plastik bertudung warna merah jambu (eks. P151) di dalamnya mengandungi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P151A); (117) Satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P152) mengandungi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P152A); (118) Satu bekas plastik bertudung warna biru (eks. P153) mengandungi erbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P153A); (119) Satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P24(26) mengandungi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P24(26)(A); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (120) Satu bekas plastik warna putih bertudung (eks. P154) mengandungi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P154A); (121) Satu botol kaca (eks. P24 (27) di dalamnya mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(27)(A); (122) Sepasang selipar warna hitam (eks. P155A-B); (123) Sepasang selipar warna kuning (eks. P156A-B); (124) Satu bangku plastik warna merah (eks. P157); (125) Satu bangku plastik warna biru (eks. P158); (126) Satu kotak polisterin warna putih (eks. P24(28) di dalamnya terdapat lima plastik lutsinar mengandungi bahan disyaki dadah (eks. P24(28)(A-E); (127) Satu bangku plastik warna merah jambu (eks. P159); (128) Satu besen plastik besar warna merah (eks. P160); (129) Satu besen plastik besar warna biru (eks. P161); (130) Satu besen plastik besar warna merah (eks. P162); (131) Satu besen plastik besar warna merah (eks. P163); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (132) Satu dulang aluminium (eks. P164); (133) Satu dulang aluminium (eks. P165); (134) Satu dulang aluminium (eks. P166); (135) Satu dulang aluminium (eks. P167); (136 Satu loyang aluminium (eks. P168); (137) Satu loyang aluminium (eks. P169); (138) Satu loyang aluminium (eks. P170); (139) Satu mesin pengisar (eks. P178); (140) Satu penyambung plug 3 lubang (eks. P171); (141) Satu guni plastik warna putih bertulisan cina (eks. P172) didalamnya terdapat satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P172A) berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P172(A)(1); (142) Satu guni plastik warna putih bertulisan cina (eks. P173) di dalamnya terdapat dua plastik lutsinar (eks. P173(A) dan (B) berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P173(A)(1) dan P173(B)(1); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (143) Satu guni plastik warna putih (eks. P174) di dalamnya terdapat satu plastik lutsinar (eks. P174(A) berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P174(A)(1); (144) Satu guni plastik warna putih (eks. P24(33) di dalamnya terdapat 10 plastik lutsinar berisi serbuk disyaki dadah (eks. P24(33)(A)(C)(E)(G)(I)(K)(M)(O)(Q)(S); (145) Satu botol plastik bertudung warra merah (eks. P24(34) mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(34)(A); (146) Satu botol plastik bertudung warna putih (eks. P24(35) mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(35)(A); (147) Satu botol plastik bertudung (eks. P24(36) mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(36)(A); (148) Satu botol plastik bertudung (eks. P24(37) mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(37)(A); (149) Satu botol plastik bertudung warna merah (eks. P24(38) mengandungi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(38)(A); (150) Satu bekas plastik kekuningan (eks. P24(39) di dalamnya terdapat tiga botol berisi cecair disyaki dadah (eks. P24(39)(A)(1), P24(39)(B)(1) dan P24(39)(C)(1); (151) Satu mesin adunan dan penapis bahan (eks. P199); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (152) Satu mesin mencetak tablet (eks. P200); (153) Satu mesin bermotor warna biru jenama 'TEC' (eks. P175); dan (154) Satu helai tuala (eks. P176). (C) Di dalam bilik tidur utama bahagian atas rumah (lihat Lampiran A kepada Senarai Pemeriksaan (eks. P19). (1) Satu beg plastik bertulisan 'Tiny Bears' (eks. P24(40) di dalamnya terdapat lima bungkusan kertas warna coklat (eks. P24(40A), P24(40B), P24(40C), P24(40D), P24(40E) dan P24(40F) di mana setiap satu bungkusan terdapat satu peket plastik lutsinar yang berisi pil warna coklat disyaki pil estacy dan satu peket plastik lutsinar yang berisi pil warna coklat disyaki pil estacy (eks. P24(40A)(1), P24(40B)(1), P24(40C)(1), P24(40D)(1), P24(40E)(1) dan P24(40F)(1); (2) Satu beg plastik warna putih (eks. P24(41) di dalamnya terdapat satu peket plastik lutsinar (eks. P24(41A) dan P24(41B) berisi pil warna merah disyaki pil estacy dan satu peket plastik lutsinar (eks. P24(42) berisi pil warna hijau disyaki pil estacy (eks. P24(42A), P24(42B) dan P24(42C); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (3) Satu bekas plastik warna cerah di dalamnya terdapat satu peket plastik besar lutsinar berisi bahan disyaki dadah syabu dan dua peket plastik kecil lutsinar berisi bahan disyaki dadah syabu; (4) Satu beg berwarna hitam berzip bertulisan 'ESPRIT' (eks. P24(43) di dalamnya mengandungi satu plastik aluminium (eks. P24(43A) di dalamnya terdapat satu peket plastik lutsinar berisi bahan disyaki dadah syabu (eks. P24(43A)(1), satu plastik aluminium (eks. P24(43C) di dalamnya terdapat satu peket plastik lutsinar yang berisi bahan disyaki dadah syabu (eks. P24(43C)(1) dan satu peket plastik lutsinar (eks. P24(43E) yang berisi bahan disyaki dadah syabu (eks. P24(43E)(1); (5) Satu beg plastik warna hijau bertulisan 'OGIVA' (eks. P24(44) di dalamnya terdapat dua peket plastik lutsinar berisi bahan disyaki dadah (eks. P24(44A) dan P24(44C); (6) Satu kad pengenalan atas nama Gan Hock Seng No. KPT. 761018-01-7289 (eks. P179); (7) Satu pasport Malaysia atas nama Gan Hock Seng No. KPT. 761018-01-7289 No. Pasport. A38575964 (eks. P180); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (8) Satu telefon bimbit jenama 'VERTU' (eks. P181); (9) Satu telefon bimbit jenama 'OPPO' (eks. P182); (10) Satu telefon bimbit jenama 'I-PHONE 6' (eks. P183); (11) Satu telefon bimbit jenama 'I-PHONE 4' (eks. P184); (12) Satu helai t-shirt warna kelabu jenama 'GIORDANO' (eks. P185); (13) Satu helai seluar jeans warna biru jenama 'LEVIS' (eks. P186); (14) Satu berus gigi jenama 'ATOM' (eks. P187); dan (15) Satu sikat rambut bertulisan 'LOVE' (eks. P188) (D) Di ruang tamu rumah (lihat Lampiran A kepada Senarai Pemeriksaan (eks. P19). (1) Satu kad pengenalan atas nama Tay Cher Boon No. KPT. 841005-01-6367 (eks. P189); (2) Satu kad pengenalan atas nama Tay Cher Boon No. KPT. 841005-01-6367 (eks. P189); S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (3) Satu pasport Malaysia atas nama Tay Cher Boon No. KPT. 841005-01-6367 No. Pasport. A37698101 (eks. P190); (4) Satu telefon bimbit jenama 'OPPO' warna gold (eks. P191); (5) Satu helai t-shirt warna hitam jenama 'SODA' (eks. P192); (6) Satu helai seluar jeans warna hitam jenama 'LEVIS' (eks. P193); dan (7) Satu dompet jenama 'DUNHILL' (eks. P194). (8) SP4 telah membuat laporan polis di balai polis Seksyen 6 Shah Alam pada 15 Feb 2017 jam 3.53 pagi Repot No. SEK6/001301/17 [eks. P18) mengenai tangkapan kedua-dua tertuduh serta rampasan barang-barang kes. Pada jam lebih kurang 7.00 pagi 15 Feb 2017, SP4 telah menyerahkan kedua-dua tertuduh, barang-barang kes dadah yang dirampas, borang senarai pemeriksan (eks. P19) dan borang serah-menyerah barang kes (eks. P20) kepada ASP Mohd Nazri, pegawai penyiasat (SP14) untuk tindakan lanjut. (9) Pada 15 Feb 2017 jam lebih kurang 10 pagi, setelah dihubungi oleh SP14, ahli kimia kerajaan (SP11) dan pasukannya sampai ke rumah tersebut untuk membuat S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw pemeriksaan ke atas barang-barang kes yang berada di dalam rumah tersebut dan SP11 dan pasukannya selesai menjalankan pemeriksaan pada jam lebih kurang 7.00 petang. (10) Pada 15 Feb 2017 jam lebih kurang 7.30 malam, SP14 telah mengarahkan anggota-anggota pasukannya membawa barang-barang kes yang keil dan ringan masuk ke dalam lori pasukan dan dibawa ke stor barang kes IPD Shah Alam. Manakala mesin-mesin yang besar dan berat ditinggalkan di rumah tersebut dan dikawal oleh beberapa orang anggota pasukan yang bertugas mengawal rumah tersebut. (11) Pada 16 Feb 2017 jam lebih kurang 8.30 pagi, SP14 dan SP3 (Sarjan Zaidan) telah pergi ke stor barang kes IPD Shah Alam untuk membuat penandaan dan merakam gambar barang-barang kes dan selesai menjalankan penandaan dan merakam gambar barang-barang kes pada jam lebih kurang 12.00 tengahari. Pada jam lebih kurang 4.00 petang, SP14 dan SP3 telah pergi semula ke rumah tersebut untuk membuat penandaan dan merakam gambar mesin-mesin yang ditinggalkan di rumah tersebut dan tugasan selesai pada jam lebih kurang 6.00 petang. Rumah tersebut masih dikawal oleh anggota-anggota pasukan atas arahan SP14. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (12) Barang-barang kes dadah telah diserahkan oleh SP14 kepada Jabatan Kimia Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah pada 20 Feb 2017 jam lebih kurang 4.55 petang untuk dianalisis oleh ahli kimia Kerajaan (SP11). Seterusnya pada 22 Feb 2018 jam lebih kurang 3.20 petang, SP 14 telah menerima kembali barang-barang kes dadah yang telah dianalisis oleh SP11 serta Laporan Kimia bertarikh 15 Feb 2018 [eks. P29] daripada SP11. (13) Laporan kimia [eks. P29] yang disediakan oleh SP11 di bawah s. 399 Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (KTJ) telah mengesahkan dadah-dadah yang dianalisis oleh SP11 adalah dadah berbahaya jenis 3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), Ketamine dan Methamphetamine seperti yang disenaraikan dalam Jadual Pertama Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952. (14) Pada 24 Mac 2017, SP14 telah pergi semula ke rumah tersebut bersama pihak Jabatan Kerja Raya Selangor (Bahagian Kejuruteraan) untuk pihak JKR Selangor menjalankan pemeriksaan ke atas mesin-mesin tersebut dan pihak JKR melalui surat bertarikh 31 Mac 2017 (eks. P17) mengesahkan mesin-mesin tersebut digunakan untuk menghasilkan pil-pil estacy.” Findings of the learned trial judge at the end of the prosecution case S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [7] The learned trial judge then analysed the evidence of the prosecution and concluded as follows: “[66] Dalam dapatan mahkamah ini, anggapan pemilikan dan pengetahuan dadah di bawah s. 37(d) ADB 1952 adalah terpakai kerana pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan kedua-dua tertuduh mempunyai jagaan, kawalan dan pengetahuan ke atas barang-barang kes yang mengandungi dadah-dadah berbahaya yang dijumpai di dalam rumah dan bilik-bilik di dalam rumah tersebut. … [80] Mahkamah ini mendapati perbuatan kedua-dua tertuduh memproses, menyimpan dan menyetor barang-barang kes dadah semasa kejadian dalam kuantiti yang banyak dan besar membolehkan mahkamah ini membuat inferens yang munasabah bahawa kedua-dua tertuduh bertujuan melakukan pengedaran dadah-dadah berbahaya tersebut kepada pihak lain mengikut tafsiran pengedaran di bawah s. 2 Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952.” The defence’s case [8] The case of the defence was well laid out by the learned trial judge in his grounds of judgment which is reproduced herein: S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw “[105] Memandangkan tertuduh pertama (Gan Hock Seng) telah meninggal dunia sebelum perbicaraan, tertuduh kedua telah membela diri dengan memberikan keterangan bersumpah dalam bahasa mandarin melalui jurubahasa mahkamah. Semasa kes pembelaan, tertuduh kedua diwakili oleh peguam yang baru (Zaleha Al-Hayat). Keterangan tertuduh kedua (SD1) semasa membela diri boleh diringkaskan seperti berikut: (i) Kini berumur 38 tahun dan sebelum ditangkap polis, tinggal di alamat nombor 95, Jalan Mulia 4, Taman Seri Mulia, Muar, Johor bersama ayah, abang dan adik lelakinya. Ibu tertuduh kedua telah meninggal dunia pada 2016. (ii) Belajar sehingga tingkatan satu dan selepas tamat tingkatan satu, mula bekerja di sebuah kilang biskut di Muar semasa berumur 14 tahun. (iii) Semasa berumur 15 tahun, telah bekerja di kilang mesin (Natural Vision Sdn Bhd) di Muar sebagai operator mesin memotong kayu dan membaiki mesin dan bekerja lebih kurang 5 tahun di kilang mesin tersebut. (iv) Selepas bekerja di kilang mesin tersebut, tertuduh kedua telah mendaftarkan sebuah syarikat membaiki mesin pada 2005 dan nama syarikatnya adalah Tay Engineering Enterprise. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (v) Ayah tertuduh kedua bernama Tay Chiang Hwa membantu tertuduh kedua di dalam syarikat tersebut sebagai penyelia dan juga membantu menguruskan syarikat. Tertuduh kedua tiada kelayakan akademik dalam bidang kejuruteraan tetapi berminat dalam bidang tersebut dan mendapat tunjuk ajar daripada bekas majikannya. (vi) Bagi kerja-kerja pembaikan mesin yang dilakukan oleh syarikatnya, tertuduh kedua mengeluarkan delivery order (DO) kepada pelanggan-pelanggan syarikatnya. Semua DO disediakan oleh tertuduh kedua dan dikemukakan kepada pelanggan berkenaan. (vii) Tertuduh kedua ditangkap bersama Gan Hock Seng (tertuduh pertama) pada tahun 2017. Gan Hock Seng (Gan) tiada di mahkamah hari ini kerana telah meninggal dunia selepas lapan bulan ditahan reman iaitu sebelum kes dibawa ke mahkamah. (viii) Tertuduh kedua mengenali Gan yang bekerja sebagai penjual kereta terpakai di Muar, Johor. Tertuduh kedua mengenali Gan apabila diperkenalkan oleh seorang kawan tertuduh kedua. (ix) Gan berasal dari Muar dan tertuduh kedua mula mengenali Gan pada sekitar tahun 2016. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (x) Tertuduh kedua dan Gan saling menghubungi dan Gan selalu bertanya mengenai mesin dan motor. Gan ada membuat tempahan untuk tertuduh kedua mencari dan mendapatkan satu set inverter dan controller untuk mesin mengisar dan meminta tertuduh kedua menghantar barang-barang yang ditempah tersebut kepada Gan. (xi) Sebelum kejadian, tertuduh kedua pernah pergi ke rumah Gan sebanyak tiga kali dan dapat mengecam rumah Gan semasa ditunjukkan gambar-gambar rumah Gan di eks. P11 (1-30). Pada akhir tahun 2016, tertuduh kedua telah pergi ke rumah Gan sebanyak dua kali. (xii) Pada 14 Feb 2017 jam lebih kurang 1.00 tengahari, tertuduh kedua telah bertolak dari Muar ke rumah Gan di Setia Alam dan tiba di rumah Gan pada jam lebih kurang 4.00 petang. (xiii) Tertuduh kedua telah pergi ke rumah Gan di Setia Alam di alamat yang diberikan oleh Gan untuk menghantar barang-barang yang ditempah oleh Gan. (xiv) Untuk ke rumah Gan, tertuduh kedua memandu kereta sendiri jenis Toyota Vios nombor pendaftaran WNS 271 berwarna hitam dari Muar ke Setia Alam. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xv) Sampai di hadapan rumah tersebut, tertuduh kedua telah menelefon dan memberitahu Gan dan Gan telah membuka pintu rumah. Tertuduh kedua telah masuk ke dalam rumah Gan dan membawa toolbox untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak dan ini merupakan kali pertama tertuduh kedua masuk ke dalam rumah Gan. (xvi) Sebelum kejadian, tertuduh kedua telah pergi sebanyak dua kali ke rumah Gan tetapi tidak masuk ke dalam rumah Gan dan hanya menghantar barang-barang yang ditempah oleh Gan di hadapan pintu pagar rumah Gan. (xvii) Pada 14 Feb 2017, Gan telah membawa tertuduh kedua masuk ke dalam rumah dan pergi ke sebuah bilik di tingkat atas (tidak ingat bilik yang mana) dan tertuduh kedua melihat sebuah mesin di dalam bilik tersebut yang mengalami kerosakan. Ini adalah kali pertama tertuduh kedua melihat mesin tersebut dan tidak pernah melihat mesin tersebut sebelum ini. (xviii) Untuk harga inverter motor yang ditempah oleh Gan, tertuduh kedua ada membuka bil tunai (cash bill) sebanyak RM2 ribu lebih tetapi tidak ingat di mana tertuduh kedua menyimpan bil tunai tersebut. (xix) Tertuduh kedua berasa hairan apabila terhidu bau ubat yang kuat semasa memasuki bilik tersebut dan S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw Gan memberitahu tertuduh kedua mesin tersebut adalah untuk menghasilkan ubat kuat lelaki (pil viagra) apabila ditanya oleh tertuduh kedua dan tertuduh kedua percaya dengan maklumat yang diberikan oleh Gan. (xx) Semasa memasuki bilik tersebut, tertuduh kedua melihat beberapa mesin dan dapat mengecam mesin-mesin tersebut apabila ditunjukkan gambar-gambar mesin di eks. P11 (gambar 15, 16 dan 29). (xxi) Tertuduh kedua ada membawa toolbox semasa memasuki bilik tersebut dan kemudian meletakkan toolbox tersebut di bahagian luar bilik tersebut (eks. P11 gambar 27). (xxii) Tertuduh kedua tidak dapat membaiki mesin yang rosak tersebut kerana tidak membawa inverter motor jenis yang sama dan terpaksa mencari jenis model inverter yang sama tetapi pada masa itu, waktu hampir jam 5.00 petang dan kedai alat ganti mungkin sudah ditutup. (xxiii) Gan telah mengajak tertuduh kedua untuk pergi makan tetapi tertuduh kedua mahu mandi terlebih dahulu untuk membersihkan badan tertuduh kedua yang dipenuhi serbuk/habuk semasa memeriksa dan membaiki mesin yang rosak tersebut. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xxiv) Sebelum mandi, tertuduh kedua telah pergi ke keretanya untuk mengambil t-shirt dan seluar jeans tetapi tidak membawa tuala mandi dan Gan telah memberi tuala mandi kepada tertuduh kedua dan menyuruh tertuduh kedua mandi di bilik air dalam bilik di bahagian atas rumah. (xxv) Selepas mandi, tertuduh kedua turun ke bahagian bawah rumah dengan memakai tuala mandi (tanpa berbaju) untuk mengambil baju dan seluar dan semasa itu terdengar bunyi orang sedang menggerudi besi (pintu grill rumah) dan kemudian nampak ramai anggota polis di dalam rumah Gan. (xxvi) Tertuduh kedua nampak ada anggota polis menunjukkan pistol kepadanya dan ini menyebabkan tertuduh kedua berasa takut, gementar dan terkejut. Tertuduh kedua telah ditangkap, dipukul dan digari oleh anggota polis dan pada masa itu, Gan berada di tingkat atas rumah. Kemudian tertuduh kedua nampak Gan dibawa turun oleh anggota polis ke bahagian bawah rumah. (xxvii) Pihak polis memberitahu tertuduh kedua ada dadah di dalam rumah tersebut dan tertuduh kedua memberitahu pihak polis beliau tiada pengetahuan rumah tersebut ada menyimpan dadah dan tertuduh kedua hanya datang ke rumah tersebut untuk S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw membaiki mesin yang rosak atas permintaan Gan. Tertuduh kedua juga tiada pengetahuan mengenai barang-barang kes dadah di dalam rumah tersebut. (xxviii) Semasa pihak polis menjalankan pemeriksaan di dalam rumah tersebut, tertuduh kedua dan Gan diletakkan bersama di ruang tamu rumah. (xxix) Tertuduh kedua memberitahu pihak polis bahawa beliau datang ke rumah tersebut atas permintaan Gan untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak dan tidak berkaitan dalam kes ini. (xxx) Tertuduh kedua ada bertanya dengan Gan mengenai kejadian yang berlaku dan inqat kes disebabkan penghasilan pil viagra dan ianya bukan kesalahan yang besar. (xxxi) Tertuduh kedua telah direman selama dua minggu bersama Gan dan adik lelaki tertuduh kedua datang melawat tertuduh kedua di lokap IPK Selangor selepas beberapa hari tertuduh kedua direman. Tertuduh kedua telah menyuruh adiknya pergi ke rumah tersebut untuk mengambil kereta tertuduh kedua yang diletakkan di kawasan rumah tersebut. (xxxii) Semasa berada di lokap IPD Shah Alam, Gan telah memberitahu tertuduh kedua supaya tidak risau kerana kes ini tiada kena-mengena dengan tertuduh S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw kedua kerana tertuduh kedua hanya datang ke rumah Gan untuk membaiki mesin dan Gan akan melantik peguam untuk mewakili tertuduh kedua supaya tertuduh kedua dapat dibebaskan. (xxxiii) Semasa adik tertuduh kedua melawatnya di lokap, tertuduh kedua memberitahu adiknya bahawa mesin yang dijual oleh tertuduh kedua kepada Gan mengalami kerosakan dan masih dalam tempoh jaminan dan tertuduh kedua perlu membaiki mesin tersebut. (xxxiv) Gan bercakap dengan adik tertuduh kedua dan memohon maaf kerana melibatkan tertuduh kedua dalam kes ini dan berjanji akan menolong tertuduh kedua dan akan melantik peguam mewakili tertuduh kedua. Selepas tertuduh kedua menunggu lebih kurang 8 bulan, Gan meninggal dunia dan belum menunaikan janjinya untuk melantik peguam mewakili tertuduh kedua. (xxxv) Selepas Gan meninggal dunia, seorang kawan Gan (bernama Ng Keh Chai) telah melantik seorang peguam (peguam Goh) untuk mewakili tertuduh kedua. Selepas hampir setahun tertuduh kedua ditangkap, peguam Goh telah berjumpa dengan tertuduh kedua semasa kes dibicarakan di Mahkamah Tinggi. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xxxvi) Tertuduh kedua tidak mengenali Ng Keh Chai (kawan Gan) dan tidak pernah berjumpa dengan beliau. Tertuduh kedua tahu peguam Goh dilantik mewakilinya kerana semasa berada di lokap, tertuduh kedua nampak Gan menelefon Ng Keh Chai mengenai pelantikan peguam. (xxxvii) Tertuduh kedua tidak melantik peguam sendiri kerana hanya pergi ke rumah Gan untuk membaiki mesin dan ditangkap bersama Gan semasa kejadian. Gan telah memberitahu tertuduh kedua supaya tidak risau dan urusan pelantikan peguam akan diuruskan oleh Gan dan juga semua barang kes dadah yang dijumpai dalam rumah tersebut adalah kepunyaan Gan. (xxxviii) Bil peguam tertuduh kedua akan dibayar oleh Ng Keh Chai yang merupakan kawan baik Gan. (xxxix) Peguam Goh berjumpa tertuduh kedua hanya sekali di Penjara Sungai Buloh dan memberitahu tertuduh kedua supaya tidak risau dan beliau akan mengendalikan kes tertuduh kedua dan percaya tertuduh kedua akan dilepaskan di akhir kes pendakwaan. (xl) Semasa perbicaraan, tertuduh kedua baru tahu peguam Goh mewakili tertuduh kedua dan juga Gan (tertuduh pertama). Bukan semua soalan kepada S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw saksi-saksi pendakwaan yang diperiksa balas oleh peguam Goh difahami oleh tertuduh kedua. (xli) Di akhir kes pendakwaan, tertuduh kedua dipanggil membela diri dan peguam Goh tidak berjumpa dengan tertuduh kedua di penjara dan ini menyebabkan tertuduh kedua berasa risau dan disebabkan itu, telah menukar peguam yang baru untuk mewakilinya. (xlii) Tertuduh kedua tidak setuju SP2 (pengawal keselamatan) nampak tertuduh kedua masuk ke dalam rumah tersebut sebanyak dua kali selama seminggu sebelum kejadian. (xliii) Tertuduh kedua tidak mengenali SP5 (suami pemilik rumah) dan SP7 (ejen hartanah). (xliv) Tertuduh kedua tiada pengetahuan mengenai sewaan rumah dan perjanjian sewaan (eks. P14) rumah tersebut. (xlv) Tertuduh kedua menafikan keterangan SP4 bahawa beliau cuba melarikan diri semasa kejadian. (xlvi) Tertuduh kedua menafikan tinggal di rumah tersebut dan datang ke rumah tersebut membawa beg kertas berisi sepasang baju, seluar, dompet, pasport, power bank dan kunci kereta. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xlvii) Semasa sampai di rumah rumah tersebut, tertuduh kedua nampak sebuah kereta jenis BMW dan sebuah kereta Volkswagen Passat di kawasan rumah tersebut. (xlviii) Tertuduh kedua membawa pasport di dalam beg sandangnya kerana ingin pergi ke Singapura sempena tahun baru cina. (xlix) Tertuduh kedua ada membawa toolbox untuk membaiki mesin yang berada di dalam bilik tersebut tetapi gambar toolbox tidak dapat dilihat dalam eks. P11 gambar 27. Tertuduh kedua telah meletakkan toolbox yang dibawanya di tempat yang ditandakan 'X' dalam pelan lantai (eks. D204) iaitu di luar bilik kedua tingkat atas rumah. (l) Tertuduh kedua datang ke rumah tersebut untuk membaiki mesin yang diletakkan di bilik kedua tingkat atas rumah. (li) Tertuduh kedua tidak tinggal di rumah tersebut dan juga tidak tinggal di ruang tamu rumah dan hanya meletakkan beg kertas berisi baju, seluar dan barangan peribadinya di ruang tamu rumah semasa kejadian. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (lii) DNA forensik seluar dalam tertuduh kedua diperolehi oleh pihak polis kerana selepas mandi, seluar dalam tertuduh kedua ditinggalkan di bilik air bilik ketiga tingkat atas rumah. (liii) Tertuduh kedua tidak terlibat dan tiada kena-mengena dengan kes ini dan hanya datang ke rumah tersebut untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak atas permintaan Gan. (liv) Tertuduh kedua tiada pengetahuan mengenai barang-barang kes dadah di dalam rumah Gan dan selepas ditangkap oleh pihak polis baru tahu Gan yang terlibat dengan pengedaran dadah.” KETERANGAN SD2 “[106] Pihak pembelaan telah memanggil Tay Cher Meng (SD2) sebagai saksi pihak pembelaan. SD2 telah memberikan pernyataan bertulis (ditandakan sebagai 'PSD2') dan juga keterangan lisan semasa perbicaraan dan boleh diringkaskan seperti berikut: (i) Adik tertuduh kedua dan menetap di No. 95, Jalan Sri Mulia 4, Taman Sri Mulia, Jalan Haji Abdullah, Muar, Johor bersama ayah yang uzur dan seorang lagi abangnya bernama Tay Cher Wei. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (ii) Berasal dari Muar, Johor dan bekerja sebagai pembekal mesin dan cutter di sebuah syarikat iaitu Melody Supply Trading. (iii) Masih ingat pada tarikh kejadian iaitu pada 14 Feb 2017, abangnya (tertuduh kedua) telah pergi ke Kuala Lumpur untuk membaiki mesin di rumah kawannya. Abangnya bertolak pada waktu tengahari dari Muar ke Kuala Lumpur. (iv) Sebelum bertolak ke Kuala Lumpur, abangnya telah memberitahu SD2 bahawa beliau akan pergi ke rumah kawannya bernama Gan Hock Seng (tertuduh pertama) di Kuala Lumpur untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak. (v) SD2 juga mengenali tertuduh pertama yang berasal dari Muar, Johor. (vi) Pada 15 Feb 2017, SD2 mendapat maklumat bahawa abangnya ditangkap polis kerana ada anggota polis yang menghubunginya memaklumkan abangnya ditangkap polis. (vii) Pada hari ketiga abangnya ditangkap polis, SD2 telah pergi ke IPD Shah Alam dan diberitahu oleh abangnya bahawa beliau ditangkap polis kerana terlibat dengan kes dadah. SD2 berasa terperanjat S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw kerana dalam pengetahuan SD2, abangnya tidak pernah terlibat dengan kes dadah. (viii) Selama ini abangnya mempunyai syarikat membaiki mesin dan beliau selalu pergi ke merata tempat untuk membaiki mesin. Ini adalah kepakaran abangnya dan beliau sangat popular di Muar kerana jika mana-mana kilang mempunyai masalah dengan mesin, mereka akan memanggil abangnya untuk membaiki mesin di kilang mereka. (ix) Semasa di IPD Shah Alam, abangnya memberitahu SD2 setelah beliau masuk ke dalam rumah tertuduh pertama, pihak polis telah menyerbu rumah tersebut dan menjumpai dadah-dadah di dalam rumah tersebut. (x) SD2 diberitahu oleh abangnya bahawa abangnya tidak tahu apa-apa mengenai dadah di dalam rumah tersebut dan menyuruh SD2 bertanya dengan tertuduh pertama kerana beliau telah ditangkap polis apabila pergi ke rumah tertuduh pertama. (xi) Abangnya telah meminta bantuan SD2 untuk mengambil kereta beliau iaitu Toyota Vios no. pendaftaran WNS 271 yang diletakkan di kawasan rumah tersebut dan telah memberikan alamat rumah S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw tersebut dan meminta SD2 membawa kunci pendua kereta beliau yang ditinggalkan di Muar. (xii) Pada hari berikutnya, SD2 datang ke Kuala Lumpur dan membawa kereta abangnya ke Muar. Pada hari yang sama, SD2 pergi ke IPK Selangor untuk berjumpa dengan abangnya dan pada ketika itu, tertuduh pertama hadir juga dan mereka bertiga berbincang mengenai pelantikan peguam. (xiii) Abangnya memberitahu SD2 bahawa tertuduh pertama akan bertanggungjawab untuk melantik peguam dan percaya abangnya akan dibebaskan selepas direman kerana tertuduh pertama sudah membuat pengakuan mengenai dadah-dadah tersebut. Menurut SD2, dalam perjumpaan tersebut, tertuduh pertama menyatakan “jangan risau, saya ambil tanggungjawab dan jangan susah hati Ah Boon mesti keluar". (xv) Selepas tamat tempoh reman, SD2 mendapat panggilan telefon daripada seorang anggota polis yang memaklumkan abangnya akan dituduh di Mahkamah Majistret di Shah Alam dan akan dihantar ke Penjara Sungai Buloh. SD2 terperanjat kerana percaya selepas 14 hari direman, abangnya akan dibebaskan. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xvi) Semasa pertama kali melawat abangnya di penjara, SD2 diberitahu bahawa tertuduh pertama akan melantik peguam untuk mewakili abangnya dan juga untuk mewakili tertuduh pertama. (xvii) SD2 ada menasihati abangnya untuk melantik peguam yang lain kerana rumah tersebut adalah rumah tertuduh pertama dan abangnya pergi ke rumah tersebut untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak. Abangnya memberitahu SD2 bahawa tertuduh pertama telah bersetuju melantik peguam dan akan bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya. (xviii) Tidak lama selepas itu, SD2 mendapat berita tertuduh pertama telah meninggal dunia dan percaya kes ini akan selesai tetapi kes masih berlarutan sehingga kini. (xix) Apabila SD2 melawat abangnya di Penjara Sungai Buloh, abangnya memberitahu SD2 ada peguam melawat beliau di penjara iaitu peguam Goh. (xx) SD2 ada pergi ke pejabat peguam Goh untuk berbincang mengenai kes abangnya tetapi peguam Goh tiada di pejabat dan SD2 telah berjumpa dan berbincang dengan rakan kongsi peguam Goh mengenai kes abangnya. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xxi) Semasa perbicaraan, SD2 ada mengemukakan dokumen-dokumen syarikat abangnya seperti carian Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (eks. D195) dan lain-lain dokumen yang berkaitan. (xxii) SD2 tidak dapat mengesan invois-invois syarikat abangnya bagi tahun 2015 dan 2016 setelah mengemaskini barang-barang dan dokumen-dokumena syarikat abangnya. (xxiii) SD2 mengenali tertuduh pertama (Gan Hock Seng) tetapi tidak kenal rapat. Tertuduh pertama adalah kenalan abangnya dan mempunyai urusan membaiki mesin dengan abangnya. (xxiv) SD2 tidak mengenali Ng Keh Chai dan dengar beliau adalah kawan tertuduh pertama. SD2 tahu Ng Keh Chai yang melantik peguam untuk mewakili abangnya. (xxv) SD2 banyak kali melawat abangnya di penjara dan dua minggu sebelum abangnya dipanggil membela diri, SD2 berasa sangat risau dan mahu melantik peguam baru mewakili abangnya kerana peguam Goh tidak mengambil berat kes abangnya.” KETERANGAN SP4 (YANG DIPANGGIL SEMULA DI BAWAH SEKSYEN 425 KTJ) S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw “[107] Atas permohonan peguam tertuduh kedua, mahkamah ini telah membenarkan permohonan peguam untuk memanggil semula SP4 (DSP Anuar) di bawah s. 425 KTJ untuk pemeriksaan balas lanjutan oleh peguam tertuduh kedua. [108] Semasa pemeriksaan balas lanjutan, SP4 menyatakan tertuduh kedua telah ditangkap oleh ASP Mohd Alime Mazlan semasa serbuan SP4 dan pasukan serbuan di rumah tersebut. Menurut SP4, beliau yang telah mengarahkan ASP Mohd Alime Mazlan menangkap tertuduh kedua semasa kejadian.” KETERANGAN SD3 “[109] Pihak pembelaan telah memanggil Ng Keh Chai (SD3) sebagai saksi pihak pembelaan. SD3 telah memberikan keterangan bersumpah dalam bahasa mandarin melalui jurubahasa mandarin dan keterangan SD3 boleh diringkaskan seperti berikut: (i) SD3 berumur 50 tahun dan mempunyai alamat rumah di no. 1056, Jalan Temenggong, Muar, Johor. Kini SD3 ditahan reman bagi satu kes dadah di bawah s. 39B ADB 1952 di Penjara Sungai Udang, Melaka. (ii) Sebelum ditahan polis, SD3 bekerja sebagai penjual kereta dan mengenali tertuduh pertama (Gan Hock Seng) pada tahun 2014-2015 semasa urusan jual beli kereta. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw SD3 dan tertuduh pertama berkawan baik dan adalah rakan kongsi perniagaan menjual kereta. (iii) Selepas tahun baru cina, SD3 menerima panggilan telefon daripada tertuduh pertama meminta bantuannya mendapatkan peguam untuk mewakili tertuduh pertama dan juga mewakili tertuduh kedua dalam kes dadah. (iv) Tertuduh pertama juga menyuruh SD3 mengambil balik kereta jenis Volkswagen Passat di IPD Shah Alam. Kereta tersebut kepunyaan SD3 dan telah dihantar oleh SD3 kepada tertuduh pertama di Setia Alam (rumah tersebut) sebelum tahun baru cina kerana ada orang hendak membeli kereta tersebut. (v) Tidak lama selepas itu, isteri tertuduh pertama telah menyuruh SD3 pergi ke Hospital Sungai Buloh kerana tertuduh pertama mahu berjumpa dengan SD3. Tertuduh pertama memberitahu SD3 bahawa tertuduh kedua tidak berkaitan dengan kes dadah yang melibatkan tertuduh pertama. SD3 berjanji dengan tertuduh pertama akan mendapatkan peguam untuk mewakili tertuduh pertama dan tertuduh kedua. (vi) Tidak lama selepas perjumpaan tersebut, SD3 mendapat panggilan telefon daripada isteri tertuduh pertama yang memaklumkan tertuduh pertama telah meninggal dunia. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (vii) Sepertimana yang dijanjikan, SD3 telah mendapatkan seorang peguam bernama Goh Kim Lian (peguam Goh) untuk mewakili tertuduh pertama dan tertuduh kedua. Kawan SD3 yang memperkenalkan peguam tersebut kepada SD3. SD3 telah memberitahu peguam tersebut bahawa tertuduh pertama telah meninggal dunia. (viii) SD3 tidak pernah berjumpa dengan peguam tersebut dan berhubung dengan peguam tersebut melalui telefon sahaja. SD3 telah menghubungi peguam tersebut melalui telefon sebanyak lebih kurang 10 kali. (ix) SD3 tidak mengenali tertuduh kedua dan juga tiada pengetahuan nama tertuduh kedua. Nama tertuduh kedua telah diberikan kepada SD3 oleh isteri tertuduh pertama. (x) Peguam Goh memberitahu SD3 bahawa beliau telah berjumpa dengan tertuduh kedua dan bersetuju mengendalikan kes ini. Selanjutnya SD3 telah membayar wang sebanyak RM40,000.00 kepada peguam Goh menggunakan duit tertuduh pertama. (xi) SD3 tidak pernah memaksa tertuduh kedua menerima peguam Goh sebagai peguamnya dan tertuduh kedua tidak pernah membuat apa-apa aduan atau bantahan ke atas peguam yang dilantik oleh SD3. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xii) Tertuduh kedua juga tidak ada membuat apa-apa bantahan mengenai bayaran yang dibuat oleh SD3 kepada peguam tersebut. (xiii) Pelantikan peguam tersebut adalah atas permintaan tertuduh pertama dan tertuduh kedua tidak pernah dipaksa menerima pelantikan peguam tersebut. (xiv) Tertuduh kedua bersetuju menerima pelantikan peguam tersebut untuk mewakilinya di mahkamah.” KETERANGAN SD4 “[110] Pihak pembelaan telah memanggil ASP Mohd Alime Mazlan bin Ab Rahman (SD4) sebagai saksi pihak pembelaan. SD4 telah memberikan keterangan bersumpah dan keterangan SD4 boleh diringkaskan seperti berikut: (i) Pada 14 Feb 2017, bertugas di Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Narkotik, IPK Selangor sebagai inspektor operasi dan telah menghadiri satu taklimat operasi dadah yang diberikan oleh SP4 (DSP Anuar). (ii) Taklimat yang diberikan oleh SP4 adalah mengenai serbuan operasi dadah di sebuah rumah di Setia Alam tetapi tidak ingat alamat rumah tersebut. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (iii) Tiba di rumah tersebut pada jam lebih kurang 6.00 petang, telah membuat pemerhatian singkat selama lebih kurang 15 minit di sekeliling rumah tersebut. (iv) Dapat arahan daripada SP4 untuk menyerbu rumah tersebut dan dua anggota pasukan serbuan telah memotong pintu grill rumah dan memecahkan pintu rumah. Selepas pintu grill berjaya dipotong dan pintu rumah dipecahkan, pasukan serbuan yang diketuai oleh SD4 telah masuk ke dalam rumah tersebut dan menahan seorang lelaki cina (kemudiannya dikenalpasti sebagai tertuduh kedua) di ruang tamu rumah. (v) Semasa itu, tertuduh kedua hanya memakai tuala mandi dan tidak berbaju dan wajah tertuduh kedua kelihatan terkejut tetapi tertuduh kedua tidak cuba melarikan diri. (vi) SD4 dapat mengecam tertuduh kedua semasa perbicaraan kes. Tertuduh kedua adalah Tay Cher Boon. (vii) Pasukan serbuan yang diketuai oleh SP4 telah naik ke tingkat atas rumah dan menangkap seorang lagi lelaki cina (kemudiannya dikenal pasti sebagai tertuduh pertama). Tertuduh pertama tidak hadir di mahkamah semasa perbicaraan. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (viii) SD4 dapat mengingati tertuduh pertama dan nama tertuduh pertama adalah Gan Hock Seng. Tertuduh pertama kurus dan tinggi. (ix) Semasa menjalankan pemeriksaan di dalam rumah tersebut bersama SP4 dan pasukan serbuan, SD4 nampak tiga mesin untuk menghasilkan pil-pil estacy di dalam bilik kedua di tingkat atas rumah. Dua daripada mesin tersebut boleh digunakan dan hanya satu mesin yang rosak. (x) SD4 nampak serbuk-serbuk pelbagai warna dan lihat pil-pil estacy yang telah siap diproses. (xi) Tertuduh pertama memberitahu SP4 beliau menghasilkan pil-pil estacy menggunakan mesin-mesin tersebut manakala tertuduh kedua memberitahu SP4 beliau datang ke rumah tersebut untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak. (xii) SD4 tidak nampak atau perasan toolbox yang dikatakan dibawa oleh tertuduh kedua untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak. (xiii) Tertuduh pertama memberitahu SP4 bahawa mesin-mesin yang dijumpai di dalam bilik kedua tingkat atas rumah dikendalikan oleh tertuduh pertama. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (xv) Tertuduh pertama dan tertuduh kedua telah dibawa oleh SD4 ke ruang tamu di bahagian bawah rumah. SD4 telah menjumpai barangan peribadi tertuduh kedua seperti pasport di atas meja di ruang tamu rumah. SD4 mengesahkan tiada toolbox tertuduh kedua di dalam senarai pemeriksaan (senarai bongkar) yang disediakan oleh SP4. (xvi) SD4 tidak nampak SP4 merampas toolbox yang digunakan oleh tertuduh kedua untuk membaiki mesin yang rosak. (xvii) SD4 tidak menjumpai apa-apa kertas atau pamphlet mengenai ubat kuat lelaki di dalam rumah tersebut yang dikatakan oleh tertuduh kedua dihasilkan menggunakan mesin-mesin tersebut.” Findings of the learned trial judge at the end of the trial [8] The learned trial judge then analysed the evidence of the appellant and concluded as follows: “[200] Setelah membuat penilaian maksima dan menimbangkan keseluruhan keterangan pihak pendakwaan dan pembelaan tertuduh kedua serta kredibiliti saksi-saksi pendakwaan dan pembelaan, mahkamah ini berpuas hati dan mendapati bahawa pembelaan tertuduh kedua, atas imbangan S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw kebarangkalian, telah gagal mematahkan anggapan pemilikan dan pengetahuan dadah di bawah s. 37(d) ADB 1952. [201] Seterusnya, pembelaan tertuduh kedua juga secara keseluruhannya telah gagal menimbulkan sebarang keraguan yang munasabah terhadap kes pendakwaan mengenai pengedaran dadah berbahaya di bawah s. 2 ADB 1952 mengikut prinsip yang diputuskan dalam kes Mat v Public Prosecutor [1963] 1 MLJ 263 (MT). [202] Justeru, mahkamah ini berpuas hati dan mendapati pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan kesnya melampaui keraguan yang munasabah terhadap tertuduh kedua bagi ketiga-tiga pertuduhan pindaan (P4, P5 dan P6) yang dihadapkan ke atas tertuduh kedua dan tertuduh pertama dengan niat bersama.” The appeal [9] Before us, learned counsel canvassed the following grounds: (a) That the learned trial judge erred in law when he invoked the section 37(d) of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1950 presumption when there was direct evidence of possession; S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (b) That the learned trial judge erred when he failed to appreciate the defence’s case, consequently a breach of section 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code; (c) The failure of the prosecution to call or offer the tenant for cross-examination has denied the appellant a fair trial; and (d) The failure of the prosecution to disclose the contents of the cautioned statement of the 1st accused to the appellant has denied him a fair trial. Our findings [10] Having considered the submissions of the learned counsel for the appellant and the learned deputy public prosecutor and having perused the appeal records, we now come to our unanimous findings which are as follows: (A) Ground One - Failure to appreciate the defence and the breach of section 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code. [11] The learned counsel for the appellant argued that the learned trial judge failed to appreciate all the defence evidence and consequently there was a clear breach of section 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code and this prejudiced the appellant. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [12] It was the defence of the appellant that he was present at the scene to repair one of the machines that was not workable. In short, the appellant gave an explanation. This explanation can be found at pages 435-439 Enclosure 11, Record of Appeal Volume 2(3). The machine in question can be found in exhibit P11(29). [13] In support of his defence, the appellant called SD4 (ASP Alime Mazlan) a member of the raiding party. SD4 testified as follows: (i) that he arrested the appellant at the hall and the appellant did not attempt to flee - pages 536-537, Enclosure 11, Record of Appeal Volume 2(3); (ii) that the appellant explained that he was there to repair a machine that was not functional. In short, the appellant protested his innocence. This can be seen at pages 537, 540, 545, 546 and 547, Enclosure 11, Record of Appeal Volume 2(3); (iii) that the 1st accused (deceased) has admitted that he operated the machine alone and the clothes in the rooms belonged to him; (iv) that the prosecution treated the appellant as a "tukang repair mesin" - page 549, Enclosure 11, Record of Appeal Volume 2(3); and S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (v) that the prosecution treated the evidence of SD4 as independent - page 554, Enclosure 11, Record of Appeal Volume 2(3). [14] Learned counsel submitted that the above evidence given by SD4 strongly supports the defence of the appellant, which, the learned trial judge did not consider them. The learned trial judge failed to consider the following: (i) that the appellant had protested his innocence and told SD4 that he was there for an innocent purpose - to repair a machine, which was the core defence of the appellant; (ii) did not recognise that the appellant did not attempt to flee and there was no struggle (pages 536-537 Record of Appeal Volume 2(3)) contradicting the prosecution's version that there was a struggle; and (iii) did not consider in the analysis that the 1st accused (deceased) told SD4 that he operated the machine whilst the appellant came to repair the machine. What was said by the 1st accused would be sufficient to exculpate the appellant. [15] We had sifted through the evidence to see whether section 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code has been complied with by the learned trial judge. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [16] For ease of reference, we reproduced section 182A of Criminal Procedure Code which states as follows: “(1) At the conclusion of the trial, the Court shall consider all the evidence adduced before it and shall decide whether the prosecution has proved its case beyond reasonable doubt. (2) If the Court finds that the prosecution has proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, the Court shall find the accused guilty and he may be convicted on it. (3) If the Court finds that the prosecution has not proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, the Court shall record an order of acquittal.” [17] Reading the grounds of judgment as a whole, we are satisfied that the learned trial judge had fully considered the appellant's defence at the end of the defence case. The trial judge found that the defence's version could not be accepted, which we agree, where he held as follows: “[147] Tiada 'toolbox' milik tertuduh kedua dijumpai oleh pihak polis semasa kejadian. Keterangan SP4 menunjukkan tiada toolbox yang didakwa oleh tertuduh kedua digunakan untuk membaiki mesin dijumpai di dalam rumah atau dalam bilik rumah tersebut. Dalam pembelaan tertuduh kedua, beliau menyatakan ada membawa toolbox tersebut dari Muar, Johor S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw untuk membaiki mesin tetapi tiada keterangan bebas yang menyokong versi pembelaan tertuduh. [148] Keterangan SP4 juga disokong secara material oleh keterangan SD4 yang dipanggil oleh pihak pembelaan. Dalam keterangan SD4, beliau juga tidak nampak atau perasan toolbox di dalam rumah atau bilik-bilik dalam rumah tersebut [149] Malahan mahkamah ini dapati tiada toolbox dirampas oleh SP4 semasa kejadian dan toolbox juga tiada dalam Lampiran A kepada senarai pemeriksaan (eks. P19) dan juga tiada dalam Lampiran A kepada perakuan serah terima barang kes (eks. P20). Ini menunjukkan pembelaan tertuduh kedua bahawa beliau membawa toolbox untuk membaiki mesin sukar dipercayai atau diterima oleh mahkamah ini. Malahan pembelaan tertuduh kedua tidak membangkitkan apa-apa keraguan munasabah ke atas kes pendakwaan. [150] Selain toolbox yang tidak dijumpai oleh SP4 semasa kejadian, SP4 juga tidak menjumpai barang-barang alat ganti seperti inverter, controller dan sebagainya yang didakwa oleh tertuduh kedua dibawa dari Muar, Johor untuk digunakan membaiki mesin yang rosak di rumah tersebut. … [154] Mahkamah ini boleh membuat inferens yang munasabah bahawa pembelaan tertuduh kedua yang pergi ke rumah S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw tersebut untuk membaiki mesin sebanyak dua kali sukar dipercayai atau diterima oleh mahkamah ini. lanya adalah keterangan rekaan tertuduh kedua dan sengaja diada-adakan. Adalah juga sukar dipercayai bahawa tertuduh kedua yang datang jauh dari Muar tidak masuk ke dalam rumah tersebut. Lagi pula tertuduh kedua dan tertuduh pertama adalah kawan sejak 2016. Tertuduh kedua sebenarnya tinggal di rumah tersebut bersama tertuduh pertama dan terlibat dalam pengedaran dadah-dadah tersebut bersama tertuduh pertama.” [18] On the evidence given by SD4 that when he arrested the appellant at the hall, the appellant did not attempt to run away (see pages 536-537 Enclosure 11 Record of Appeal Volume 2(3)), we find that although the learned trial judge did not make any specific findings on this issue, however in a case involving pure question of facts, we are free to review or re-evaluate all the evidence adduced by the prosecution and defence. [19] Reference is made to the Federal Court decision in the case of Ahmad Najib bin Aris v. Public Prosecutor [2009] 2 CLJ 800, where Zulkefli Makinudin FCJ (as he then was) held as follows: “[20] As regards the first main ground of appeal raised by the appellant, I am of the view that the Court of Appeal has the power to review or to re-evaluate all the evidence available as adduced by the prosecution. The Court of Appeal is in a position to do so in the present case even though the grounds of decision of the trial judge as appearing in the appeal records is S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw found lacking in specific findings and with no reasons for the findings. In a case involving purely a question of fact, the Court of Appeal is free to determine whether or not the various findings of the trial Court are correct. (See Mohamed Mokhtar v. PP [1972] 1 MLJ 122). In the present case even though the Court of Appeal took the view that the High Court judgment was of no assistance, it nevertheless had considered and subjected all the evidence adduced by the prosecution to a critical re-examination. The Court of Appeal had given sound reasons as to why the evidence was admitted and how it had implicated the appellant. There was no miscarriage of justice against the appellant as the Court of Appeal’s decision was based on evidence adduced from the witnesses called by the prosecution as appearing in the appeal records. I am therefore of the view that the Court of Appeal did not err on this issue.” [20] After having considered and subjected all the evidence adduced, we find that the absence of such finding is not fatal to the prosecution’s case. Even though there was no attempt to flee but that does not necessarily mean that the appellant did not know the existence of the impugned drugs. In our view, the appellant would have no opportunity to do so as he was suddenly surrounded by SP4 and his team. Any attempt to escape would have been futile. [21] In Teh Hock Leong v. PP [2010] 1 MLJ 741, 745, the Federal Court through the judgment delivered by James Foong FCJ (as he then was) held as follows: S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw “[4] First, he contended that the High Court and the Court of Appeal had failed to consider the contemporaneous conduct of the appellant in not trying to escape or putting up a struggle with the police when confronted by PW5 and his men or attempting to disassociate or discard the backpack containing the dangerous drugs. Such conduct, if considered by the courts below, could infer that the appellant had no knowledge of the said drugs in the backpack. [5] It is our view that in order to draw a favourable inference from the appellant’s contemporaneous conduct, his action or inaction must be examined in the light of the situation at the material time. The area where the appellant was confronted by PW5 was the arrival gate of an incoming flight in the KLIA. This was the only exit point where passengers disembarking the plane can enter the KLIA terminal. It is common knowledge that the area was tight and restricted with hardly any room for the appellant to make a successful escape even if he had tried. From here the appellant was then taken by PW5 and his men to PW5’s office in the KLIA. The approximate walking distance was 600– 800 metres. Here again the appellant’s chances of a quick getaway were minimal since he was escorted and was within the restricted vicinity of the KLIA building. And, if the appellant were to attempt to throw away or disassociate himself with the backpack during this entire duration described it would evidently be noticeable. Of course, since the drugs were so cunningly concealed, there could be no necessity to take such drastic actions which may attract instant suspicion. So against these S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw circumstances, the appellant’s docile conduct throughout the period described could not have inferred an absence of knowledge of the said drugs. For this reason, there is no misdirection by the courts below.” [22] Hence, we find the first issue devoid of merit. (B) Ground Two - Failure of the prosecution to offer the tenant of the premise to the defence has deprived the appellant to a fair trial. [23] Learned counsel for the appellant had argued that the tenant of the said premise as per the tenancy agreement (exhibit P14) is one Ding Fong Shi (see page 89 Enclosure 9 Record of Appeal Enclosure 7 Volume 2(1)). The prosecution did not call the tenant as a witness. The prosecution also did not offer her for purpose of cross-examination. By reason that she was the tenant, it can be said that she had care or management of the said premise and under such circumstanced, the occupier presumption under section 37(b) Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 would be triggered. Section 37(b) of the Act reads: “a person, until the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to be the occupier of any premises, if he has, or appears to have, the care or management of such premises.” [24] It was further submitted that her evidence will make a difference to the prosecution's narrative. As tenant, she would be able to confirm S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw whether the appellant was an occupier of the said premise. Hence, the failure of the prosecution to call the tenant has resulted in an obvious gap in the prosecution's case. [25] With respect, we disagree. In our considered view, the non-calling of the tenant was not fatal. Neither would it attract the adverse inference principle under section 114 (g) of the Evidence Act 1950 against the prosecution. [26] The narrative presented by the prosecution was clear that during the arrest made by SP4 and his team, only the appellant and the 1st accused (deceased) were present at the premises. This person, even if she was a tenant, was not a material witness and her non-calling did not leave any gap in the prosecution case. The prosecution had tendered sufficient evidence to prove that the premises was occupied by the appellant and the deceased. [27] The Federal Court in Amri Ibrahim & Anor v. PP [2017] 1 CLJ 617 ruled as follows: “[56] The issue of the non-calling of Phee Chin Guan was argued before the Court of Appeal by the defence. The Court of Appeal held inter alia that Phee Chin Guan was not an essential or material witness to the prosecution in order to establish a prima facie case at the close of its case or to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt at the end of the defence case and the non-calling of Phee Chin Guan did not leave a gap in the prosecution's case. It was also held that on the facts of the case, S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw the learned trial judge did not err in not invoking s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act 1950 against the prosecution. [57] The power of the court to draw an adverse inference under s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act 1950 is discretionary. It depends on the circumstances of the case and particularly in cases where the material witnesses are not produced (see Lau Song Seng v. PP [1998] 1 SLR 663). The scope of s. 114(g) has been explained by the Supreme Court in Munusamy Vengadasalam v. PP [1987] 1 CLJ 250; [1987] CLJ (Rep) 221 at p. 223; [1987] 1 MLJ 492 at p. 494: ... It is essential to appreciate the scope of section 114(g) lest it be carried too far outside its limit. Adverse inference under that illustration can only be drawn if there Is withholding or suppression of evidence and not merely on account of failure to obtain evidence. It may be drawn from withholding not just any document, but material document by a party in his possession, or for non-production of not just any witness but an important and material witness to the case. [58] On the facts of the case we agree with the finding of the Court of Appeal that adverse inference under s. 114(g) of the Evidence Act ought not to be drawn against the prosecution for not calling Phee Chin Guan as its witness. We agree with the reasons given by the Court of Appeal. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw 26. Taking into consideration the entire evidence of the prosecution the court was satisfied that the prosecution had led sufficient evidence to prove that all the 4 Accused were involved in the manufacture of the dangerous drug methamphetamine and were not merely preparing to manufactuer the drugs. The finding of 48,623 grams of methamphetamine together with chemicals being boiled showed that further manufacture of the drugs was taking place. The court therefore taught it fit to amend the charge as the court is authorized to do so.” [28] In the case of Dato’ Sri Najib Abdul Razak v. PP [2022] 1 CLJ 491, the Court of Appeal held as follows: “[374] The Federal Court has authoritatively settled the law that once the prosecution has established its case, there is no obligation in law to call a particular person as a witness or to offer any witness or a list of witnesses to the accused. See: Parlan Dadeh v. PP [2009] 1 CLJ 717. Likewise. the Court of Appeal in Ng Tiam Kok & Yang Lain lwn. PP [2013] 1 CLJ 632; [2013] 1 MLJ 342 held that where the prosecution had established a prima facie case, there is no requirement in law for the prosecution to offer any persons not called as their witness to the defence nor to make them available to the defence. The Court of Appeal had adopted and applied the principle enunciated by the Singapore Court of Appeal in Chua Keem Long v. PP [1996] 1 SLR 510. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw Out of a number of witnesses, it may then only be necessary to bring in one or two; as long as those witnesses actually produced are able to give evidence of the transaction, there is no reason why all of the rest should be called, nor why any presumption should be drawn that the evidence of those witnesses not produced would have been against the prosecution. In such circumstances it is not necessary for the prosecution to offer or make available the remaining witnesses to the defence. See also: Satli Masot v. PP [1999] 2 SLR 637; PP v. Mansor Md Rashid & Anor [1997] 1 CLJ 233; [1996] 3 MLJ 560; Lee Lee Chong v. PP [1998] 4 CLJ 655; [ 1998] 4 MLJ 697 for similar pronouncements of the law. [375] Now, if there is no obligation to make available any witness to the defence at the close of prosecution, then correspondingly there can be no obligation to provide the statement of that witness made to the investigation authority. Nor would there be an obligation to provide the list of witnesses. [376] Thus, in respect of this application, the learned trial judge held in his grounds of judgment: [27] As such, I am constrained to incline to agree with the submission of the prosecution that once this court at the close of the prosecution case ruled that the prosecution had proved a prima facie case and did not in that ruling hold that the prosecution had failed to call any particular witness, it is not open for the accused to ask for any particular witness to be S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw called or for the full witness list to be supplied. Taking cognizant also, of the law as I have just stated, there is no valid basis to contend that there is an absence of any legal rules governing the issue so as to justify the invocation of s. 5 of the CPC. [28] The requests as contained in prayers 1 and 2 of this application cannot therefore be acceded to by this court. The accused, as the applicant herein cannot therefore ask for any particular witness be offered or for the list of witnesses be supplied to the defence. [29] I should also add that the other reason why this application of the full list of the witnesses cannot succeed is this. In this same prosecution against the accused, an earlier application for a list of witnesses and for statements from all potential witnesses had been refused by this court (see Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Hj Abdul Razak v. PP [2019] 5 CLJ 93). This dismissal was affirmed by the Court of Appeal (see Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Hj Abdul Razak v. PP [2019] 5 CLJ 23) and the Federal Court (see Dato' Sri Mohd Najib bin Hj Abd Razak v. Pendakwa Raya [2019] 1 LNS 434; [2019] MLJU 00282). [377] Nevertheless, at close of prosecution case, the prosecution offered 66 witnesses to the defence to be called as defence witnesses, if they chose. They were, however, not offered to the defence for cross-examination. The appellant has a choice, ie, to indicate to the court which of the 66 witnesses offered were required by the defence to be called as their S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw witness. However, the appellant contends that since 193 potential witnesses had provided statements to the MACC and the prosecution only called 55 of them, the defence has the right to call any of the balance of 138. Hence, the essence of the appellant's contention is that all or any of the remaining 138 persons indicated as required by the defence must be made available to the defence together with their statements recorded by the investigating authority. [378] Learned counsel for the appellant submits on the strength of this court's pronouncement in Siti Aisyah v. PP [2019] 7 CLJ 27 that the appellant has a right to the statements of all those offered witnesses that the defence wants to call. However, with respect, we are by the doctrine of stare decisis bound by the ratio decidendi in Husdi v. PP [1979] 1 LNS 33; [1979] 2 MLJ 304, where the Federal Court had held statements recorded by the police, and by extension any other investigating body such as the MACC, from potential witnesses in the course of investigations are privileged. The Federal Court had as a matter of policy stated that such statements are privileged from disclosure. In this regard, we concur with the findings of the learned trial judge that he too is bound by the pronouncement of the Federal Court in Husdi v. PP (supra) and that the statements of witnesses offered to the defence are privileged from disclosure for the reasons stated in the learned trial judge's grounds of judgment, which we find states the correct position in law. Suffice to say that we find the reasons given by the learned trial judge for the dismissal of the appellant's application S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw to be well grounded in law and is the correct position in law, in light of the Federal Court's pronouncement in Husdi v. PP (supra) and Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Hj Abd Razak v. PP [2019] 1 LNS 434, which affirmed this court's judgment in Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Hj Abdul Razak v. PP [2019] 5 CLJ 23. Thus, we do not find any reason for appellate intervention." [29] Having said that, we found no compelling reasons which require our appellate intervantion. Thus, we find no merit in the complaint of the appellant on this issue. (C) Ground Three - The appellant had been denied a fair trial when the prosecution did not disclose to the appellant favourable facts pursuant to section 51A(1)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Code. [30] Learned counsel for the appellant contended that there is evidence from SD4 that the 1st accused had exculpated the appellant where SD4 (at page 541 Enclosure 9 Record of Appeal Volume 2(3) said: "...Dan OKT1 juga menyatakan beliau yang mengendalikan mesin tersebut.” [31] Learned counsel further argued that the position taken by the prosecution (at page 549 Enclosure 9 Record of Appeal 9 Volume 2(3)) means that the appellant is exculpated from the offence of trafficking via processing, keeping and storing. Under the S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw circumstances, the prosecution is duty bound in its promotion of a fair trial to disclose to the appellant the following or one of the following: (i) A statement of favourable facts pursuant to section 51A(1)(c) of Criminal Procedure Code confirming as per the evidence of the 1st accused that the appellant was there to repair an unworkable machine; and/or (ii) At the minimum, furnish to the appellant the cautioned statement of the 1st accused. We cannot assume that there is nothing favourable to the appellant in the 1st accused’s cautioned statement. [32] With respect, we find ourselves not in agreement with the learned counsel on this issue. Suffice for us to say that the failure by the prosecution to disclose to the defence the above documents was not fatal. It was merely an irregularity that had not occasioned any miscarriage of justice. The defence could have even asked SP14 (investigation officer) during cross-examination to produce the documents if it is necessary and desirable to their case, unfortunately, they also did not do so. Hence, the prosecution cannot be faulted for not producing the said documents. [33] Hence, we find this issue has no merit. (D) Ground Four - Whether the learned trial judge erred when he invoked section 37(d) presumption against the appellant. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [34] The appellant has taken this crucial issue as a point of law. It was strongly contended that it was wrong for the learned trial judge to invoke the presumption of "deemed knowledge" and "deemed possession" when he made a finding of direct possession. [35] The learned counsel for the appellant referred to the written judgment (enclosure 8 volume 1 record of appeal) at pages 41 (para 22), 46 (para 38), 48 (para 45), 51 (para 55), 52 (para 58) and 57 (para 66) where the learned trial judge used the phrase “jagaan, kawalan dan pengetahuan" which amounts to direct possession. At the same time the learned trial judge invoked the section 37(d) presumption. This misapplication of the presumption is not only erroneous but has prejudiced the appellant in that the learned trial judge had imposed on the appellant a higher burden to rebut that presumption and also a case of uncertainty. [36] The appellant relied on the following cases: (i) In Seyedalireza Seyedhedayatollah Ehteshamiardestastani v. PP [2014] 4 CLJ 406, Tengku Maimun JCA (as she then was) said: “[22] In this regard we echo the views of Augustine Paul J (as His Lordship then was) in the case of PP v. Chia Leong Foo [2000] 4 CL] 649: It must first be observed that reliance on the presumption provisions where there is available evidence of the facts to S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw be presumed will be unfavourable to the accused. This is because where the court relies on a statutory provision relating to a presumption of law like the presumption provisions it is bound to take the fact as proved until evidence to the contrary is given, on a balance of probabilities, to disprove it (see PP v. Yuvaraj [1968] 1 LNS 116; [1969] 2 ML] 69; Nagappan Kuppusamy v. PP [1988] 1 CLJ Rep 229; [1988] 1 CLJ 283; [1988] 2 MLJ 53). This results in a legal burden being imposed on an accused person though it is not illegal. Failure to discharge the burden, even where a reasonable doubt as to guilt exists, will be followed by conviction (see State v. Mello & Anor [1999] 1 LRC 215). However, if the court had acted on the available evidence in proof of the relevant ingredients without resorting to presumptions there is only an evidential burden on an accused person to raise a reasonable doubt. This indiscriminate use of presumptions when there is evidence of the facts to be presumed will be unfavourable to the accused as it will place a heavier burden on him which could have been avoided. Fairness to the accused therefore demands that the presumption provisions are used only when there is no evidence of the facts to be presumed." (Emphasis added) [37] In Ugonna Philip Nwanko v. PP [2016] 2 CLJ 247, Tengku Maimun JCA (as she then was) said: S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw “[25] We will consider the first and the second grounds of appeal together. It cannot be denied that reading the grounds of judgment as a whole, we were left in a state of doubt whether the prima facie case on the second charge was premised on presumed possession under s. 37(d) and trafficking under s. 2 of the Act or whether it was on actual possession and presumed trafficking under s. 37(da) of the Act. [26] This court had the occasion to consider similar issues in Seyedalireza (supra). The learned trial judge in Seyedalireza (supra) had committed the same error where Her Ladyship had invoked both presumptions under s. 37(d) and (da) of the Act in the alternative and had failed to make a finding at the end of the defence case as to whether the appellant had rebutted the presumption. [27] In Seyedalireza (supra), this court had unanimously ruled that the approach of the trial judge in merely relying on the alternative without electing or making a finding whether it was actual or presumed possession and whether it was presumed or actual trafficking based on the evidence before the trial judge, amounted to a misdirection by way of a non-direction. The order of conviction and sentence of the High Court was set aside and the appellant was acquitted and discharged. The order of this court in Seyedalireza (supra) was affirmed by the Federal Court vide Mahkamah Persekutuan Rayuan Jenayah 05-53-03- 2014(B)." S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (Emphasis added) [38] In Masih Perviaz (W/Pakistan) v. PP [2022] 3 CLJ 230, the Court of Appeal through the judgment delivered by Kamaludin Md Said JCA (as he then was) held as follows: "[52] It was submitted that apparently, from his Lordship's grounds of judgment at para. 25, firstly the learned trial judge seemed to invoke s. 37(da) indirectly. But the learned trial judge did not direct his mind whether the element of trafficking was successfully proven by the respondent under which section, either s. 2 or through the presumption under s. 37(da) before calling the appellant to enter defence. This is a serious non-direction that amounts to misdirection. In other words, at the end of the defence case, the appellant was convicted under s. 39B(2) of the same Act. However, the learned trial judge did not make a specific finding on the issue of trafficking. The trial judge while giving his decision only directed his mind on the issue of whether the appellant failed to raise a reasonable doubt and then convicted the appellant. [59] We read the whole decision of the trial judge and at para. 25 of the judgment, we agree that the trial judge merely decided that the prosecution had proved the element of custody and control over the drugs or actual possession (mens rea possession) against the appellant at the prima facie stage. At S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw para. 26, on trafficking, he merely referred to the Federal Court of Isidro Leonardo Quito Cruz v. PP (supra). We agree with the appellant's submission that the trial judge seemed to invoke s. 37(da) indirectly. But the learned trial judge did not direct his mind whether the element of trafficking was successfully proven by the respondent under which section, either s. 2 or presumption under s. 37(da) before calling the appellant to enter defence. [60] This, in our considered view, has prejudiced the appellant in that the defence would probably have to call witnesses to meet that standard whilst in a case where the standard is that of a reasonable doubt the accused can generally take advantage of the infirmities in the case of the prosecution. Without the intimation, the appellant would not know what standards he was expected to meet. In other words, in trafficking charges under the DDA there are two different types of burden imposed on the accused depending whether it was a case of direct or presumed trafficking. If it was a case of direct trafficking the onus on the defence is to raise a reasonable doubt whilst if it was a case of presumed trafficking or if any of the presumptions are invoked then the defence has to rebut the presumption on a balance of probabilities. Had the High Court Judge undertaken a maximum evaluation, the court would have no difficulty to inform the appellant what was the nature of trafficking or whether any presumption had been invoked." S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw (Emphasis added) [39] In Ahrjun Chandran v. PR [ 2022] 1 LNS 1883, the Court of Appeal through the judgment delivered by Nordin Hassan JCA (as he then was) held as follows: "[48] Jelas di sini, Hakim Bicara tidak membuat dapatan spesifik sama ada pihak pendakwaan telah membuktikan pemilikan dadah-dadah oleh perayu berdasarkan keterangan di Mahkamah atau dengan pemakaian anggapan di bawah seksyen 37(đ) ADB 1952. Hakim Bicara juga gagal menyatakan dengan tepat sama ada, elemen pengedaran dibuktikan berdasarkan peruntukkan anggapan di bawah seksyen 37(da) atau pun berdasarkan keterangan yang memenuhi definisi pengedaran di bawah seksyen 2 ADB 1952. [49] Berkaitan perkara ini juga, tidak dapat ditentukan dengan pasti bahawa Hakim Bicara membuat keputusan berhubung pemilikan dadah-dadah tersebut berdasarkan keterangan di Mahkamah dan bukan dengan pemakaian anggapan di bawah seksyen 37(đ) ADB 1952 kerana di akhir kes pembelaan, pernyataan ini disebut oleh Hakim Bicara dalam alasan penghakimannya: "20.10. Menggunapakai anggapan di bawah seksyen 37(đ) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952, mahkamah ini juga berpandangan bahawa tertuduh dianggap memiliki dadah berbahaya berkenaan... S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw 20.11. Mahkamah ini mendapati keterangan tertuduh dan saksi pembelaan tidak mencukupi untuk mematahkan anggapan di bawah Seksyen 37(đ) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 atas imbangan kebarangkalian." (Emphasis added) [40] On the other hand, the learned deputy public prosecutor submitted that the finding by the learned judge in relation to the element of possession and the invocation of the statutory presumption under section 37(d) is correct where the learned judge said as follows: “[66] Dalam dapatan mahkamah ini, anggapan pemilikan dan pengetahuan dadah di bawah s. 37(d) ADB 1952 adalah terpakai kerana pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan kedua-dua tertuduh mempunyai jagaan, kawalan dan pengetahuan ke atas barang-barang kes yang mengandungi dadah-dadah berbahaya yang dijumpai di dalam rumah dan bilik-bilik di dalam rumah tersebut.” (Emphasis added) [41] We have scrutinised the whole evidence on record and with respect we found that the learned deputy public prosecutor’s argument was misconceived. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [42] A careful reading of the judgment reveals that the learned judge in his ruling that there was a prima facie case, found that the prosecution had proved the element of custody, control and knowledge of the drugs against the appellant and invoked section 37(d) presumption of the Act as deemed possession where the burden for the appellant to rebut is on the balance of probabilities. [43] With greatest respect, the ruling certainly reflects the confusion on the part of the trial judge to make a correct finding whether it was a case of deemed possession under section 37(d) or a case of actual possession under section 37(da) read with the finding of trafficking by direct evidence under section 2 of the same Act. In our view, when the learned trial judge used the phrase “jagaan, kawalan dan pengetahuan" it certainly amounts to direct evidence of possession (and not deemed possession) where the evidential burden on the appellant is just to create a reasonable doubt on the prosecution's case. [44] We agree with the learned counsel for the appellant that this misapplication of the presumption is not only erroneous but has seriously prejudiced the appellant in that the learned trial judge had imposed on the appellant a higher burden to rebut that presumption i.e. on a balance of probabilities in order to prove his defence. The approach taken by the learned trial judge shows the uncertainty by him in making the necessary finding i.e., whether it should be actual or presumed possession based on the evidence before him. S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw [45] Given the above, we find merits in the argument of the appellant on this pertinent issue. [46] Before concluding this judgment, we wish to take the opportunity to provide an illustrative explanation of the three standards of proof that are consistently applied in a criminal trial in court. This is done with the aim of clarifying and facilitating the understanding of the concept of the burden of proof for the benefit of legal practitioners. The levels of proof outlined below can be summarised as follows: First: Beyond Reasonable Doubt In criminal cases, the burden of proof always lies with the prosecution to prove the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt. This is the highest standard of proof. Second: Balance of Probabilities In a criminal case where a statutory presumption applies, if the burden of proof shifts to the defence at the end of the prosecution's case, then the level of proof that must be discharged by the accused is on a balance of probabilities. Third: Creating a Reasonable Doubt S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw In a criminal offence that does not involve any statutory presumption that must be rebutted by the accused, the level of proof required for the accused to exonerate and acquit themselves from the charge is lower than the balance of probabilities. At this stage, the accused only needs to create a reasonable doubt in the prosecution’s case. [47] The illustrative form of the application of the burden and degrees of proof outlined here is intended to overcome or avoid any ambiguity, inconsistency, or confusion in understanding, as well as differing interpretations and approaches used for these three levels of proof, so that they may be applied correctly and precisely in court. [48] A simple illustrative example is as follows: Prepare a clean A4 white sheet of paper First Scenario: The prosecution’s task at the end of the defence case is to blacken the entire A4 white sheet. If this is successfully done, it means that the prosecution has proven its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Second Scenario: For statutory presumptions arising against the accused, the burden imposed on the accused at the end of the defence case is to rebut that presumption on a balance of probabilities. The task of the S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw defence at this stage is not to whiten the entire black A4 sheet, but rather, only to lighten part of the blackened sheet. If this is successfully done, then the burden of proof on a balance of probabilities has been properly discharged by the defence. Third Scenario: For offences not involving any statutory presumption, the accused’s task at the end of the defence case is merely to raise a reasonable doubt in the prosecution’s case. The accused only needs to blur a small portion of the blackened A4 sheet. If this is accomplished, the accused is entitled to be acquitted and discharged from the charge against them. (Emphasis added) Conclusion [49] Having examined the evidence in its entirety, we are of the considered view that it is unsafe to convict the appellant for trafficking. On the available evidence, this is an appropriate case for this court to substitute a conviction for possession. [50] We therefore, unanimously allowed the appeal, quashed the conviction, set aside the sentence imposed by the high court, and substituted, in lieu thereof, a conviction under section 12(2) punishable under section 39A(2) of the Dangerous Drug Act 1952 for the first and third amended charge and as for the second amended S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw charge a conviction under 12(2) punishable under section 12(3) of the same Act. [51] After considering the mitigation of the appellant and the submissions by the learned deputy public prosecutor for the respondent, we hereby sentence the appellant as follows: • First Amended Charge 12 years imprisonment from the date of arrest (14 February 2017) and 10 strokes of whipping. • Second Amended Charge 3 years imprisonment from the date of arrest (14 February 2017). • Third Amended Charge 12 years imprisonment from the date of arrest (14 February 2017) and 10 strokes of whipping. The imprisonment terms for the above three (3) charges is to run concurrently from the date of arrest. DATE: 5 AUGUST 2025 - SGD - S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw AZMI BIN ARIFFIN JUDGE COURT OF APPEAL MALAYSIA Counsel For the Appellant : 1. Hisyam Teh Poh Teik 2. Kee Wei Lon 3. Low Wei Looke 4. Siti Summaiyah Binti Ahmad Jaafar 5. Khairuzzaman Ridha 6. Siti Nazihah Tan Binti Amir 7. Ee Men You [ Hisyam Teh (Kuala Lumpur)] For the Respondent : Zaki Asyraf Bin Zubir [Timbalan Pendakwa Raya] S/N HeXguuVRmEqtouQqme7/cw