“Service of documents on company A document may be served on a company by leaving it at or sending it by registered post to the registered office of the company.” 3) Mahkamah turut merujuk kepada kes Loh Poh Lai (trading as Edmud Dawn Marine Engineering) v Wei Sheng Marine Services Pte Ltd [1996] 3 SLR (R) 338; [1196] SGHC 234, yang mana Mahkamah Tinggi Singapura dalam kes tersebut memutuskan bahawa:- “The writ was served at the registered office of the defendants, which was at 12 Wholesale Centre #01-588, Singapore (“the premises”). The defendants alleged that the plaintiff had absolute control of the premises. For this they relied on a single fact. A company, Edmund Dawn Trading Pte Ltd (“Edmund Dawn Trading) had their signboards hanging at the premises. It was then alleged that the plaintiff was the “alter ego” of that company. The defendants said that the plaintiff “actually operated” from the premises. The presence of the signboards was not disputed. But the plaintiff produced documentary evidence which proved that Edmund Dawn Trading had assigned the tenancy of the premises to M/s Lim Kok Tiong Food Supplier. Mr Lim Kok Tiong himself had affirmed an affidavit that the premises were assigned to him in June 1993 and since then neither Edmund Dawn Trading nor the plaintiff had been in occupation or control of the premises. The plaintiff had his administrative office in Shenton House. I was persuaded that more probably than not the plaintiff had no control of the premises; indeed he did not occupy the premises at all. The defendants did receive the writ. They had their own “system” of obtaining documents served or delivered to their registered office. Section 387 of the Companies Act (Cap 50, 1994 Ed) provides that service of documents on a company should be done at its registered office. The onus is on the controllers of a company to ensure that they put in place a system by which documents delivered at their registered office are immediately brought to their attention, even it they have ceased to no business at the premises: see Sabatier v The Trading Company [1927] 1 Ch 495. In principle it must be right that service of documents on a company must be at its registered office. Even if the defendants had ceased to have any link with their registered office which was not the situation in this case, they could not be heard to say that such service was bad. One have asked: if service at the registered office was bad, where could a regular service of the writ on the defendants be effected? The need for certainty is very compelling.” 4) Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Alphomega Research Group Ltd v Nanyang Law LLC [2010] SGHC 45, yang mana Mahkamah Tinggi Singapura dalam kes tersebut memutuskan bahawa:- “26 Section 387 of the Companies Act, as mentioned, states that “[a] document may be served on a company by leaving it at or sending it by registered post to the registered office of the company”. Service of documents at the registered office of a company will be held to be proper, even if the company does not receive the documents and even if the company has ceased to have a link with the registered office.” 5) Serahan kertas-kertas kausa berkaitan tersebut telah disokong oleh Afidavit Penyampaian yang diikrarkan oleh Hu Jingren Dennis and Ahn Mi Mi pada 23.02.2022 membuktikan ia telah diserahkan ke alamat pendaftaran Pihak Ketiga dan juga mengikut undang-undang negara Singapura pada waktu tersebut. [20] Mahkamah ini mendapati bahawa Pihak Ketiga juga telah gagal memfailkan Memorandum Kehadiran di dalam tindakan ini. [21] Mahkamah juga mendapati bahawa Pihak Ketiga telah lewat memfailkan permohonan mengenepikan Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran dalam tempoh 30 hari dari tarikh penerimaan penghakiman. [22] Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran telah diserahkan kepada Pihak Ketiga pada 25.04.2022 dan tempoh 30 hari untuk memfailkan permohonan mengenepikan Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran adalah pada 25.05.2022. [23] Pihak Ketiga hanya memfailkan permohonan tersebut pada 04.06.2022 dengan alasan jarang hadir ke pejabat kerana bekerja dari rumah dan baru sedar tentang Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran tersebut. [24] Merujuk kepada artikel oleh Kerajaan Singapura bertarikh 27.12.2021 bertajuk “Workplace vaccination measures from 1 January 2022” dan artikel oleh Channel News Asia bertajuk “Work-from-home no longer the default from Jan 1, up to 50% of workers allowed back in the office” yang bermaksud mulai 01.01.2022, Kerajaan Singapura membenarkan 50% kehadiran bekerja di pejabat dengan syarat sebelum hadir ke pejabat telah mengambil 2 dos vaksin anti Covid-19 dan keputusan “Antigen Rapid Test” (ART) adalah negatif. [25] Pihak Ketiga gagal memberikan alasan yang munasabah terhadap kelewatan melebihi 30 hari untuk memfailkan permohonan tersebut dan alasan baru perasan adalah tidak boleh diterima kerana kehadiran bekerja secara fizikal seramai 50% di pejabat telah dilaksanakan di negara Singapura sejak 01.01.2022. [26] Tiada alasan munasabah dikemukakan oleh Pihak Ketiga untuk kelewatan tersebut. Tiada juga permohonan pelanjutan masa difailkan terlebih dahulu. [27] Mahkamah merujuk kes Hong Kwi Seong v Ganad Media Sdn Bhd and another appeal [2013] 6 MLJ 765 yang mana Mahkamah Persekutuan dalam kes tersebut memutuskan bahawa:- “In other words a party intending to set aside an order or judgment must make his application and serve it on the party who obtained the order or judgment within thirty days after receipt of the order or judgment by him. If the application is made outside the thirty day period, unless time is enlarged, the application must fail (Development & Commercial Bank Ltd v Dinesh Kumar all Jashbhai Nagjibhai & Ors [2002] 7 MLJ 430; [2002] 3 CLJ 108). Whether an enlargement of time will be granted, on the premise that an application was been filed, will depend very much on the facts and circumstances of that application (VVDN Sockalingam Chettiar And Two Others v KRPRSM Somasundaram Chettiar [1941] 1 MLJ 103 (CA) ...Despite knowing that encls 129-130 were filed pursuant to O 42 r 13 of the RHC the appellant had disregarded the time factor prescribed to regularise the application. With no application filed to extend time pursuant to O 3 r 5 of the RHC prior to filing of those applications (and of course no reasonable explanation was given for the said delay). Encls 129-130 were incomplete. The failure to adhere to the preliminary requirement to extend time in the circumstances of the case must be dealt with strictly, as otherwise the rules requiring an extension of time will end up as a dead letter. They, prima facie, must be obeyed for otherwise the party in breach of the rules will defeat the very purpose and object of the need to observe the time line (as an analogy see Ong Guan Teck & Ors v Kasturi [1982] 1 MLJ 105; [1982] CLJ Rep 616.” [28] Mahkamah mendapati bahawa dengan tiadanya perlanjutan masa difailkan oleh Pihak Ketiga ini telah mengingkari Aturan 3 kaedah 5 KKM 2012 yang sepatutnya difailkan terlebih dahulu oleh Pihak Ketiga memandangkan tempoh pemfailan 30 hari untuk mengenepikan penghakiman ingkar telah tamat. Oleh itu permohonan tersebut tidak patut dipertimbangan. [29] Mahkamah juga mendapati bahawa Pihak Ketiga yang melantik Plaintif sebagai sub-kontraktor menerusi emel lantikan bertarikh 11.12.2017 [ Ekshibit “WBC-2” dirujuk]. Plaintif juga menghantar invois kepada Pihak Ketiga untuk menuntut bayaran bagi kerja yang dilakukan. Oleh itu Pihak Ketiga tiada pembelaan yang bermerit dalam tuntutan ini. [30] Mahkamah juga mendapati bahawa tiadanya sebarang cadangan Pembelaan di dalam notis permohonan yang difailkan oleh Pihak Ketiga untuk pertimbangan Mahkamah dari segi merit. [31] Fakta menunjukkan bahawa pada setiap masa yang material, kerja-kerja “Design and Renovation Works” tersebut telah dijalankan di bawah arahan Thomas Won iaitu wakil bagi Pihak Ketiga. [32] Pihak Plaintif juga telah menghantar invois kepada Pihak Ketiga bagi tujuan sub-kontraktor menuntut bayaran bagi kerja-kerja yang telah dilakukan. Emel bertarikh 02.01.2019 daripada Plaintif mengemukakan invois dan / atau dokumen berkaitan kepada wakil Pihak Ketiga, Thomas Won pada Ekshibit “WBC-5” adalah dirujuk. [33] Emel-emel yang telah dikemukakan, menunjukkan bahawa Thomas Won adalah merupakan wakil kepada Pihak Ketiga. Emel-emel bertarikh 08.06.2018, 20.06.2018, 25.06.2018 dan 07.09.2018 pada Ekshibit “A8” dalam Afidavit Jawapan Defendan adalah dirujuk. [34] Pihak Ketiga gagal menunjukkan keadaan khusus untuk Mahkamah membenarkan penangguhan pelaksanaan Penghakiman Ingkar Kehadiran bertarikh 13.04.2022. Mahkamah mengguna analogi kes Chang Shu Hua v. Goon Fook Hong [2008] 3 CLJ 429, yang mana Mahkamah Rayuan dalam kes tersebut memutuskan tentang “ special circumstances “ seperti berikut:- “…No specific mention was ever made by Ming Ann Holdings Sdn Bhd v Danaharta Urus Sdn Bhd nor by Kosma Palm Oil Mill Sdn Bhd & Ors v Koperasi Serbausaha Makmur Bhd in regard to the necessity of applying the balance of convenience or the balance of justice in an application for a stay of execution or of proceedings. At the end of the day, the special circumstances approach prevail. By virtue of O 47 r 1(1) of the RHC and on the strength of the three Apex Court's decisions of Dato Hj Ghani Gilong, Jasanusa Sdn Bhd, and Re Kong Thai Sawmill (Miri) Sdn Bhd, it is a correct assertion to say that the special circumstances approach is the correct approach to apply in an application for a stay of execution or of proceedings. And what constitutes special circumstances cannot be itemised with exactitude. It is put at large and it must be something distinctive and out of the way (Wu Shu Chen (sole executrix of the estate of Goh Keng How, deceased) v Raja Zainal Abidin bin Raja Hussin & Anor). And in deliberating the stay application, we have vigorously applied the special circumstances approach…” [35] Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Pembinaan Ksy Sdn Bhd v. Lian Seng Properties Sdn Bhd [1991] 1 MLJ 100, yang mana Mahkamah Agung dalam kes tersebut memutuskan bahawa: “The default judgment in this case until set aside is a good and enforceable judgment. The correct law on this issue is as stated in Isaacs v Robedson [1984] 3 ALL ER 140 where the headnote reads:- Orders made by a court of unlimited jurisdiction in the course of contentious litigation are either regular or irregular. It is misleading to seek to draw distinctions between orders that are ‘void’, in the sense that they can be ignored with impunity by those persons to whom they are addressed, and orders which are ‘voidable’, in the sense that they may be enforced until set aside, since any order must be obeyed unless and until it is set aside and there are no orders which are void ipso facto without the need for proceedings to set them aside.” [36] Mahkamah mendapati bahawa Puan Hakim Mahkamah Sesyen telah mengemukakan alasan yang menyeluruh dan munasabah dalam menolak permohonan Pihak Ketiga dan tiada keperluan untuk Mahkamah ini mengubah keputusan yang diberikan pada 29.7.2022. [37] Oleh itu berdasarkan alasan diatas, rayuan Pihak Ketiga adalah wajar ditolak dengan kos tertakluk kepada fi alokatur. tt ( LATIFAH BINTI HAJI MOHD TAHAR ) Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi NCVC 1 Mahkamah Kuala Lumpur. Bertarikh : 1.3.2023 Peguam Bagi Pihak Perayu Tetuan Allison & Co. Unit 10-12, Level 10, Menara K1, No. 1, Lorong 3/137C, Off Jalan Klang Lama, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. (Tel : 03-77706688) (Email : ally@allison-ong.com) (Ruj. Lit.OLF.20220014) (Peguam Bagi Pihak Responden Tetuan Joel & Mei A-27 – 15, Menara UOA Bangsar no. 5., Jalan Bangsar Utama 1 59000 Kual Lumpur.