(iii) Terdapat kecacatan atas keputusan Yang Arif Hakim yang boleh mendatangkan ketidak adilan atau memprejudiskan Perayu. Oleh yang demikian Perayu memohon supaya sabitan dan hukuman ke atasnya boleh diketepikan dan suatu Perintah dibuat dengan mengikut prinsip-prinsip undang-undang yang sedia ada. Keputusan Kami [20] Sebelum kami mengulas mengenai isu hukuman adalah wajar bagi kami menyentuh mengenai penghujahan yang dibangkitkan oleh peguambela Perayu yang menyatakan bahawa terdapat keraguan samada Perayu faham akan sifat dan akibat pengakuan salahnya tersebut. Jika keraguan ini dapat dibuktikan, maka hukuman terhadap Perayu wajar diketepikan. [21] Malah turut dihujahkan bahawa mengikut Alasan Penghakiman ketika pertuduhan dibacakan dan diterangkan oleh jurubahasa Cina di dalam dialek Mandarin kepada Perayu, Perayu kelihatan mengangguk-angukkan kepalanya sambil mengatakan sesuatu dalam Mandarin. Berdasarkan penyataan yang diberikan oleh jurubahasa Mahkamah, Perayu memahami pertuduhan yang telah dibacakan dan diterangkan kepadanya dan Tertuduh mengaku bersalah. Perayu juga faham akan sifat dan akibat pengakuan salahnya itu. [22] Dihujahkan juga bahawa berdasarkan catatan dalam Nota Keterangan, tidak tertera apakah yang dikatakan oleh Perayu kepada jurubahasa mahkamah, sama ada perkataan-perkataan Perayu tersebut terjumlah kepada sesuatu pengakuan bersyarat yang perlu ditolak oleh Mahkamah. Justeru itu, hakim bicara dalam menerima pengakuan salah Perayu telah gagal mematuhi peruntukkan seksyen 178(2) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah yang menyebabkan berlakunya ketidakadilan ke atas Perayu dan sejurusnya memperjudiskan Perayu. Oleh itu, sabitan dan hukuman terhadap Perayu adalah tidak selamat. [23] Disebaliknya pula, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya yang bijaksana menghujahkan bahawa seksyen 305 Kanun Tatacara Jenayah secara mandatori telah membataskan rayuan Perayu terhadap berat atau sahnya hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi terhadap Perayu. Isu-isu selain daripada berat atau sahnya hukuman tersebut dianggap tidak bermerit dan hendaklah ditolak oleh Mahkamah yang Mulia ini. [24] Selanjutnya dihujahkan oleh Timbalan Pendakwa Raya yang bijaksana bahawa Perayu juga memahami sepenuhnya pertuduhan yang dibaca dan diterangkan kepadanya dan Perayu juga mengetahui sifat dan akibat pengakuan salahnya. Pengakuan salah ini telah dibuat tanpa syarat sebelum sabitan dan hukuman dijatuhkan. [25] Persoalan utama yang berbangkit di sini adalah samada kami di peringkat rayuan ini boleh mempertimbangkan rayuan Perayu terhadap sabitan sedangkan Notis Rayuan yang difailkan oleh Perayu hanya terhad terhadap hukuman sahaja. Tidakkah pintu rayuan atas sabitan telah tertutup rapat satelah Perayu dengan rela hati memilih untuk mengaku salah di atas pertuduhan tersebut? [26] Bagi menyelami dan mengupas isu yang diketengahkan ini, adalah wajar bagi kami merujuk kepada seksyen 305 Kanun Tatacara Jenayah yang memperuntukkan seperti berikut: Section 305. When plea of guilty limited right of appeal. When an accused person has pleaded guilty and been convicted by a Magistrate on that plea, there shall be no appeal except as to the extent or legality of the sentence. [27] Peruntukkan seksyen 305 Kanun Tatacara Jenayah ini jelas menyatakan bahawa seseorang Tertuduh yang mengaku salah dan disabitkan di atas sesuatu pertuduhan hendaklah dihalang daripada merayu terhadap sabitan tersebut. Rayuan hanya terhad terhadap berat atau kesahan hukuman itu sahaja (there shall be no appeal except as to the extent or legality of the sentence). [28] Rasional di sebalik peruntukan ini adalah seseorang yang mengetahui dan menyedari sifat serta akibat pengakuan salahnya yang dibuat tanpa syarat tidak sepatutnya merasa terkilan di atas sabitan yang direkodkan. Ini adalah kerana beliau sendiri yang memilih untuk berbuat demikian dengan sukarela tanpa apa-apa paksaan, pujukan atau janji daripada mana-mana pihak. [29] Bagi merungkai persoalan ini adalah penting untuk kami meneliti beberapa otoriti-otoriti duluan sebagai panduan. [30] Di dalam kes Munawar Ahmad Anees v. PP [2009] 2 CLJ 42, Mahkamah Persekutuan menjelaskan seperti berikut: “[25] Finally, it is noted that in dismissing the appeal the learned judge of the High Court had given due consideration to the fact that the appeal by the applicant was in relation to the applicant's conviction and sentence upon his own plea of guilt under s. 305 of CPC. Under the said provision of s. 305 of CPC the applicant cannot appeal against the conviction except as to the extent or legality of the sentence. Having referred to the procedure and principles of law as laid down in the Supreme Court's case of Lee Weng Tuck & Anor. v. PP [1989] 2 CLJ 120; [1989] 1 CLJ (Rep) 75 the learned judge found that the recording of the plea of guilt made by the applicant was in order and according to law. From the records of appeal available before him there was nothing to show that the proceedings before the Sessions Court where the applicant had pleaded guilty was conducted not in accordance with the procedure and principles laid down in Lee Weng Tuck's case. [26] For the reasons above stated we agree with the conclusion arrived by the learned judge of the High Court that to allow the hearing of the appeal of the applicant in his absence would tantamount to an abuse of the process of the court. In the exercise of the discretionary power under s. 313(2) CPC the learned judge was therefore justified in refusing to consider the appeal and in dismissing the appeal.” [31] Di dalam kes Mohd Dalhar bin Redzwan & Anor v. Datuk Bandar, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur [1995] 1 MLJ 645, Gopal Sri Ram HMR (beliau pada ketika itu) di dalam menyampaikan penghakiman majoriti Mahkamah Rayuan menyatakan seperti berikut: “I begin by recognising that under s. 305 of the Code, a person who has been convicted on his plea of guilt is entitled to appeal only against the extent or legality of the sentence. However, once such an appeal has been lodged, there is nothing to prevent an appellant from contending at the hearing that the conviction is illegal and requesting the Judge hearing the case to act in revision. Of course, the appellant in such a case ought, wherever possible, to give the Court and the Public Prosecutor adequate notice of this, setting out the grounds on which the revision will be sought. A Court hearing an appeal against sentence is entitled to and will where appropriate, act in revision and set aside a conviction. The Malayan Law Journal is replete with pronouncements that support this proposition and I need only mention the decisions in Low Hiong Boon v. P.P. [1948-49] MLJ Supp. 135 and Tang Kee Chie v. P.P. [1987] 430 as illustrations of the principle. Reference may also be usefully had to the remarks of Thomson CJ in Ho Kin Luan v. P.P. [1959] CLJU 33; [1959] 1 LNS 33[1959] MLJ 159, at 161. In Tang Kee Chie (supra), Chong Siew Fai J (now FCJ) stated the principle in the following words: Learned Counsel for the prosecution, obviously with s. 305 of the Criminal Procedure Code and/or s. 50(2) of the Courts of Judicature Act, 1964 in mind, submitted that since the appellant had pleaded guilty and was convicted on such plea, there could be no appeal against conviction. I need only refer to the following cases to illustrate that convictions were set aside where the accused persons were convicted on their own plea of guilty. Heng Kim Khoon V. Public Prosecutor [1971] CLJU 38; [1971] 1 LNS 38, Subramaniam & Anor. V. Public Prosecutor [1975] CLJU 169; [1975] 1 LNS 169If the facts disclosed in a case show the absence of an essential ingredient constituting the alleged offence such that no Court would have convicted the accused, the conviction and sentence will be set aside. Even if there is no right of appeal, this Court as the appellate Court is entitled to look into the record and exercise its power of revision if the record shows that a failure of justice had occasioned. (Emphasis supplied). In Manokaran v. P.P. [1978] CLJU 118; [1978] 1 LNS 118[1979] 1 MLJ 262 Abdoolcader J. (as he then was) dealt with the revisionary power in the following way: I have however not only extensive powers of revision in criminal proceedings under the provisions of s. 325 of the Criminal Procedure Code but even wider powers conferred by s. 35 of the Courts of Judicature Act, 1964, and the Deputy Public Prosecutor agrees that in a case like this where there is an appeal against conviction on a plea of guilty it is open to me to deal with the conviction in the exercise of my powers of revision if the circumstances of the case so warrant. I would merely add that in my view notwithstanding the provisions of s. 305 of the Criminal Procedure Code an appeal against a conviction on a plea of guilty will still lie if the charge discloses no offence in law, in which event the conviction itself would be illegal and a nullity. It is true that the matters complained of in this appeal have been brought to my notice by way of a record of appeal and the proceedings before me are headed in the criminal appeal, but, as I pointed out to, Counsel on both sides of the outset of this hearing, it is nevertheless open to me notwithstanding this to exercise my powers of revision in this matter, and I referred in this regard to the decision of the Privy Council in In re Chunbidya & Ors. to the effect that when the High Court has before it on appeal a record of criminal proceedings, it can proceed to exercise its powers of revision if it chooses to do so and make the requisite order although precluded by another provision in the Criminal Procedure Code from doing so in the appeal. (Emphasis added). The second principle of settled law is that, save in exceptional cases and for very good reasons, there can be no resort had by a party to the revisionary jurisdiction of the High Court when the decision complained of is appealable and no appeal has been lodged: Dorai Manickam v. R [1936] CLJU 12; [1936] 1 LNS 12[1936] MLJ 261. [32] Di dalam kes Masni Yusoff v. PP [2019] 1 LNS 1984 Mahkamah Rayuan memutuskan seperti berikut: In the premise, as correctly submitted by the learned DPP, section 305 of the Criminal Procedure Code applies. The section provides that where accused person had pleaded guilty and has been convicted, there shall be no appeal except as to the extent or legality of the sentence. [33] Berdasarkan kepada keputusan kes-kes di atas dan setelah mendengar penghujahan kedua-dua pihak, kami memutuskan untuk membenarkan peguambela Perayu menghujahkan mengenai isu sabitan yakni samada pengakuan yang dibuat oleh Perayu adalah suatu pengakuan bersyarat atau samada Perayu faham akan sifat dan akibat dari pengakuan salahnya sebelum sabitan terhadap Perayu direkodkan dan hukuman dijatuhkan sepertimana kehendak seksyen 173(b) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah. Section 173. Procedure in summary trials. The following procedure shall be observed by Magistrates in summary trials: