B wishes the court to believe that at the time in question he was elsewhere. He must prove it” [44] Berdasarkan peruntukan undang-undang di atas, beban pembuktian suatu fakta terletak di atas pihak yang menimbulkan fakta tersebut. Oleh itu, dalam kes ini pihak pembelaan mempunyai beban untuk membuktikan tentang kewujudan penama Haziq dan kejadian OKT digari dan diheret tersebut. Bagi keterangan penama Haziq, OKT telah nyatakan dalam WS1- SD1 bahawa dia kenal Haziq dalam lingkungan 3 tahun tetapi apabila pihak pendakwaan menyoal dalam pemeriksaan balas, OKT gagal memberikan apa-apa maklumat tentang penama tersebut. : Tahun bila encik kenal Haziq? : 2018 : Dan di antara 2018 sehingga 2021 saya cadangkan encik dah banyak kali jumpa dia dan contact dia? : Setuju : Encik tahu nombor telefon dia apa? : Saya tak tahu tak pasti .... : Jadi saya cadangkan encik ada lah save nombor Haziq ini? : Ada : Jadi kalau saya minta hari ini nombor telefon Haziq ini encik boleh bagi lah? : Tak. Saya tiada simpan : Jadi selepas lebih 3 tahun kenal Haziq ini, encik tak ada simpan nombor Haziq ini? : Sebab sekarang dalam simpanan saya dah tak ada. : Sebab apa? S/N tyLdv8dyrkunHKsU/El0xw : Sebab masa kejadian dan sekarang pun saya dah tukar telefon. Dah tak ada simpan [45] Mahkamah mendapati ia agak mustahil bagi seseorang untuk mengenali seseorang yang lain selama lebih 3 tahun tetapi tidak dapat memberikan maklumat tentang orang tersebut. Kegagalan OKT untuk memberikan maklumat tentang penama Haziq dan memanggil penama tersebut sebagai saksi telah menjadikan keterangan tentang penama tersebut sekadar keterangan lisan tanpa bukti. [46] Seterusnya, berkenaan dengan kejadian OKT digari dan diheret ke atas premis tersebut ketika pemeriksaan polis. Di sini Mahkamah bersetuju dengan hujahan pihak pendakwaan memandangkan kejadian tersebut adalah di hadapan sebuah kedai tomyum yang beroperasi ketika tersebut, maka ia mustahil tiada pelanggan mahupun pekerja yang nampak kejadian tersebut. Jika benar keterangan OKT maka ia semestinya akan menarik perhatian orang ramai di sana untuk melihat apa yang sedang berlaku terutamanya apabila adanya pihak polis di sana. [47] Oleh kerana keterangan tentang Haizq dan kejadian digari dan diheret hanya sekarang keterangan lisan, ia menjadikannya juga suatu “uncorroborated evidence” dan tidak menimbulkan keraguan yang munasabah lebih-lebih lagi dengan adanya keterangan saksi-saksi pendakwaan yang menyokong satu sama lain. [48] Sini Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Gunalan Ramachandran & Ors. v. PP [2006] 1 CLJ 857 di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan telah menyatakan bahawa “…If a fact is in itself incredible it does not become any the less incredible simply because the person who relates it appears to be truthful. To accept it as true beyond reasonable doubt, to be able to entertain no doubt as to its truth, one has to have a reason for accepting it as credible in the circumstances. The judge does not say that in his judgment it was not incredible in the circumstances and give his reasons for saying so. He merely relied on the apparent truthfulness of the witnesses…” [49] Berdasarkan nas otoriti di atas dan dengan adanya keterangan saksi-saksi pendakwaan tersebut yang konsisten, maka Mahkamah mendapati bahawa kedua-dua keterangan OKT di atas tidak menimbulkan sebarang keraguan yang munasabah. S/N tyLdv8dyrkunHKsU/El0xw Pembelaan OKT tiada kaitan dengan kes [50] Selanjutnya Mahkamah juga mendapati bahawa pihak pembelaan tidak mempunyai pembelaan yang berkaitan bagi pertuduhan ke atas OKT. Dalam kes ini, OKT telah dituduh memiliki lapan belas (18) paket plastik lutsinar yang mengandungi dadah berbahaya jenis Methamphetamine yang dijumpai di dalam beg sandang warna coklat bertulis “KicKers” yang disilangkan di badan OKT tersebut ketika pemeriksaan SP3. [51] Sepertimana yang dinyatakan di atas, mantan Puan Majistret telah mendapati bahawa pihak pendakwaan berjaya membuktikan suatu kes prima facie terhadap OKT, yang mana membawa maksud bahawa pihak pendakwaan telah berjaya membuktikan bahawa dadah yang dijumpai dalam beg yang disilangkan di badan OKT ketika itu berada dalam milikan, kawalan dan pengetahuan OKT. Oleh itu, di tahap ini, OKT perlu memberikan pembelaannya terhadap dapatan tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, Mahkamah mendapati bahawa pihak pembelaan hanya menimbulkan isu pemilikan premis tersebut, dan bukan apa-apa pembelaan berkaitan dengan dapatan tersebut. [52] Pada tahap ini, Mahkamah merujuk kepada kes Chan Pean Leon v Public Prosecutor [1956] 1 MLJ 237, di mana YA Hakim Mahkamah Rayuan, Thomson dalam mentafsirkan terma milikan telah menyatakan yang berikut:- "Possession" itself as regards the criminal law is described as follows in Stephen's Digest (9th Edition, page 304):-- "A moveable thing is said to be in the possession of a person when he is so situated with respect to it that he has the power to deal with it as owner to the exclusion of all other persons, and when the circumstances are such that he may be presumed to intend to do so in case of need." (emphasis ours) To put it otherwise, there is a physical element and a mental element which must both be present before possession is made out. The accused must not only be so situated that he can deal with the thing as if it belonged to him, for example have it in his pocket or have it lying in front of him on a table. It must also be shown that he had the intention of dealing with it as if it belonged to him should he see any occasion to do so, in other words, that he had some animus possidendi. Intention is a matter of fact which in the nature of things cannot be proved by direct evidence. It can only be proved by inference from the surrounding circumstances. Whether S/N tyLdv8dyrkunHKsU/El0xw these surrounding circumstances make out such intention is a question of fact in each individual case. If a watch is in my pocket then in the absence of anything else the inference will be clear that I intend to deal with it as if it were my own and accordingly I am in possession of it. On the other hand, if it is lying on a table in a room in which I am but which is also frequently used by other people then the mere fact that I am in physical proximity to it does not give rise to the inference that I intend to deal with it as if it belonged to me. There must be some evidence that I am doing or having done something with it that shews such an intention. Or it must be clear that the circumstances in which it is found shew such an intention. It may be found in a locked room to which I hold the key or it may be found in a drawer mixed up with my own belongings or it may be found, as occurred in a recent case, in a box under my bed. The possible circumstances cannot be set out exhaustively and it is impossible to lay down any general rule on the point. But there must be something in the evidence to satisfy the Court that the person who is physically in a position to deal with the thing as his own had the intention of doing so. It is true that in prosecutions under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance a lack of evidence in this connection may be made good by the statutory presumptions contained in that Ordinance. But there are no such presumptions in the Common Gaming Houses Ordinance nor are there any such presumptions in relation to possession of stolen property. … If the thing, as in Toh's case, is in a box which itself is in the possession of the accused it must be proved that he knew what was in the box. If, as in Lee's case, it was a lottery document it must be proved that he knew it was a lottery document. Here again knowledge cannot be proved by direct evidence, it can only be proved by inference from the surrounding circumstances. Again the possible variety of circumstances which will support such an inference is infinite. There may be something in the accused's behaviour that shews knowledge, or the nature of the thing may be so obvious that it is possible to say "he must have known what it was" or, again in cases under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, there may be a statutory presumption which fills a gap in the evidence. [53] Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Public Prosecutor v. Abdul Rahman Akif [2007] 4 CLJ 337 di mana Mahkamah Persekutuan menyatakan seperti berikut: “If there is assent to the control of a thing, either after having the means of knowledge of what the thing is or contains or being unmindful whether there are means of knowledge or not, then ordinarily there will be possession. If there is some momentary custody of a thing without any knowledge or means of knowledge of what the thing is or contains then, ordinarily, I would S/N tyLdv8dyrkunHKsU/El0xw suppose that there would not be possession. If, however, someone deliberately assumes control of some package or container, then I would think that he is in possession of it. If he deliberately so assumes control knowing that it has contents, he would also be in possession of the contents. I cannot think that it would be rational to hold that someone who is in possession of a box which he knows to have things in it is in possession of the box but not in possession of the thing in it. If he had been misinformed or misled as to the nature of the contents, or if he had made a wrong surmise as to them, it seems to me that he would nevertheless be in possession of them.." [54] Berdasarkan nas-nas otoriti di atas, ia jelas bahawa dadah yang dijumpai dalam beg yang disilangkan di badan OKT ketika itu berada dalam milikan, kawalan dan pengetahuan OKT dan di tahap ini OKT perlu memberikan pembelaannya terhadap milik dadah tersebut. Dalam pembelaannya, OKT hanya menghujahkan bahawa pemilik premis di mana dadah dijumpai bersama OKT seharusnya dipanggil sebagai saksi atau ditawarkan kepada pihak pembelaan kerana OKT ditangkap di luar premis tetapi dibawa ke bahagian atas premis oleh pasukan serbuan serta premis bukan milik OKT dan ini dilihat dimana tiada apa-apa rampasan terhadap barang di dalam premis yang dapat mengaitkan OKT dengan premis tersebut. [55] Pada tahap ini Mahkamah juga merujuk kepada kes Public Prosecutor v Khantan a/l Namasivayam & Ors [2022] MLJU 823 di mana Mahkamah Tinggi telah menyatakan seperti berikut: “Duty to consider the defence irrespective of how weak they may be [101] It is a well-entrenched principle in our criminal justice system that no matter how weak or unreasonable a defence may be, the trial judge is under a duty to judicially consider it. Such a defence must not be simply brushed aside. This is part of the statutory duty at the conclusion of the trial as mandated under section 182A of the Criminal Procedure Code for trial judges to consider all the evidence adduced. [102] In Azmer Mustafa v. Public Prosecutor [2014] 8 CLJ 413 CA; [2014] 3 MLJ 616; [2014] MLRAU 119; [2014] 3 AMR 405, His Lordship Abdul Malik Ishak JCA reiterated the principles as follows: S/N tyLdv8dyrkunHKsU/El0xw “[29] A weak or an unreasonable defence must be considered and appreciated judicially. It should not be brushed aside without giving it due consideration. This is the law and it is entrenched in the following authorities: