Malaysia legislation
Section 21
Section 21
Syariah Court Evidence (Federal Territories) 25
Evidence given by a witness in a judicial proceeding, or before any person authorized by law to take it, is qarinah for the purpose of proving in a subsequent judicial proceeding, or in a later stage of the same judicial proceeding, the truth of the facts which it states, when the witness is dead or cannot be found or is incapable of giving evidence, or is kept out of the way by the adverse party, or if his presence cannot be obtained without an amount of delay or expense which under the circumstances of the case the Court considers unreasonable:
28 Laws of Malaysia AKTA 561
(a)
the proceeding was between the same parties or their representatives in interest;
(b)
the adverse party in the first proceeding had the right and opportunity to cross-examine;
(c)
the questions in issue were substantially the same in the first as in the second proceeding.
Explanation—A criminal trial or inquiry shall be deemed to be a proceeding between the prosecutor and the accused within the meaning of this section.
Statements made under Special Circumstances
When entries in books of account are qarinah