Section 23

whether or not any person has been convicted in respect thereof; and

such offence has been committed or purports to have been committed in the name or on behalf of any organization, body or group of students which is established by, under or in accordance with this Act, every office-bearer of such organization, body or group of students and every person managing or assisting in the management of such organization, body or group of students at the time of the commission of such offence shall be deemed to be guilty of such offence and shall be liable to the punishment prescribed by law, unless he establishes to the satisfaction of the court that the offence was committed without his knowledge and that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

Any office-bearer of, or any person managing or assisting in the management of, any organization, body or group referred to in subsection (1) shall be liable to be prosecuted under this section, notwithstanding that he may not have taken part in the commission of the offence.

In any prosecution under this section of an office-bearer of, or any person managing or assisting in the management of, any organization, body or group referred to in subsection (1), any document found in the possession of any office-bearer of, or person managing or assisting in the management of, such organization, body or group, or in the possession of a member of such organization, body or group shall be prima facie evidence of the contents thereof for the purpose of proving that anything has been done or purports to have been done by or on behalf of such organization, body or group.

Presumptions