Article 162

Subject to the following provisions of this Article and

Article 163*, the existing laws shall, until repealed by the authority having power to do so under this Constitution, continue in force on and after Merdeka Day, with such modifications as may be made therein under this Article and subject to any amendments made by federal or State law.

Where any State law amends or repeals an existing law made by the Legislature of a State, nothing in Article 75 shall invalidate the amendment or repeal by reason only that the existing law, relating to a matter with regard to which Parliament as well as the Legislature of a State has power to make laws, is federal law as defined by Article 160.

References in any existing law to the Federation established by the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948, and its territories, and to any officer holding office under that Federation or to any authority or body constituted in or for that Federation (including any references falling to be construed as such references by virtue of Clause 135 of the said Agreement) shall be construed, in relation to any time on and after Merdeka Day, as references to the Federation (that is to say, the Federation established under the

Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957) and its territories and to the corresponding officer, authority or body respectively; and the

Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order declare what officer, authority or body is to be taken for the purposes of this Clause to correspond to any officer, authority or body referred to in any existing law.

*This Article has been repealed by section 8 of the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1963

[Act 25/1963] w.e.f. 29 August 1963. See notes on Article 163.

161

[Article 161e]

Federal Constitution

Art. 161f, 161g & 161h

These Articles were added by Act 26/1963, sections 67, 68 and 69, in force from 16-09-1963, and were repealed by Act 59/1966, section 2, in force from 09-08-1965 which read as follows:

“161f. Notwithstanding anything in Article 152, until otherwise provided by enactment of the Legislature of Singapore, the English, Mandarin and Tamil languages may be used in the Legislative Assembly of Singapore, and the English language may be used for the authoritative texts of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in that Assembly, and of all enactments of that Legislature, and of all subsidiary legislation issued by the government of Singapore.