PERATURAN-PERATURAN BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA (PELAKSANAAN KETETAPAN-KETETAPAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN BANGSA-BANGSA BERSATU YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN REPUBLIK DEMOKRATIK CONGO) 2014

Negara

Malaysia

(Pelaksanaan

Ketetapan-Ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan

Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu yang berhubungan dengan Republik Demokratik Congo)

Matlamat Peraturan-Peraturan ini adalah untuk melaksanakan langkah-langkah yang diputuskan oleh Majlis Keselamatan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu menurut Perkara 41

Piagam Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk memberi kesan kepada pembekuan dana, aset kewangan dan sumber ekonomi yang berhubungan dengan Republik Demokratik Congo dan perkara lain yang berkaitan.

“institusi kewangan” mempunyai erti yang sama seperti yang diberikan dalam subseksyen 2(1) Akta;

“Jawatankuasa Majlis Keselamatan” ertinya Jawatankuasa Majlis Keselamatan

Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu yang ditubuhkan menurut perenggan 8 Ketetapan 1533 (2004);

3

Bagi maksud Peraturan-Peraturan ini, orang yang ditentukan ialah individu atau entiti yang dikenal pasti oleh Majlis Keselamatan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu atau

Jawatankuasa Majlis Keselamatan sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual.

Tiada institusi kewangan boleh memberi atau menyediakan apa-apa bantuan kewangan, nasihat atau latihan kepada mana-mana entiti bukan kerajaan atau individu yang beroperasi di wilayah Republik Demokratik Congo.

Peraturan-Peraturan ini melakukan suatu kesalahan di bawah subseksyen 82(4) Akta.

Majlis Keselamatan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu 1596 (2005), 1649 (2005), 1698 (2006),

1768 (2007), 1771 (2007), 1799 (2008), 1807 (2008), 1857 (2008), 1896 (2009), 1952

[P.U. (A) 215/2012] adalah dibatalkan.

6

JADUAL

[Peraturan 4]

Senarai orang yang ditentukan1

BADEGE

Eric

1971

Mengikut laporan akhir Kumpulan

Pakar mengenai

Republik

Demokratik

Congo pada 15

November 2012, "...Lt. Kol. Eric

Badege menjadi titik tumpuan bagi di

Masisi dan mengetuai gerakan bersama..."

dengan pemimpin tentera yang lain. Selain itu, "suatu siri serangan terselaras telah dilancarkan pada Ogos [2012]

oleh

Kol.

Badege...

yang membolehkan menjadikan sebahagian besar wilayah Masisi menjadi tidak stabil."

"Menurut

1 Berdasarkan List of Individuals and Entities Subject to the Measures Imposed by Paragraphs 13 and 15 of Security Council Resolution 1596 (2005), As Renewed By

Paragraph 3 of Resolution 2078 (2012), yang terakhir dikemas kini oleh PBB pada 12 April 2013. Pembekuan aset dan larangan perjalanan pada asalnya telah dikenakan oleh perenggan 13 dan 15 ketetapan Majlis Keselamatan 1596 (2005), kemudiannya diperbaharui dan/atau dipinda oleh ketetapan-ketetapan 1649 (2005), 1698 (2006),

1768 (2007), 1771 (2007), 1799 (2008), 1807 (2008), 1857 (2008), 1896 (2009), 1952 (2010), 2021 (2011), dan ketetapan 2078 (2012). Kriteria bagi penyenaraian adalah terkandung dalam perenggan 4 ketetapan 2078 (2012).

7

JUSTIFIKASI bekas askar tempur,

Kol.

Badege...bertindak di bawah arahan

Kol. Makenga apabila dia merancang serangan itu.

Sebagai komander tentera M23,

Badege bertanggungjawab terhadap pelanggaran serius yang melibatkan kanak-kanak atau wanita sebagai sasaran dalam situasi konflik bersenjata.

Mengikut laporan

Kumpulan Pakar pada November 2012, terdapat beberapa peristiwa besar pembunuhan beramai-ramai orang awam, termasuklah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Sejak Mei 2012

Raia Mutomboki, di bawah perintah

M23, telah membunuh beratus orang awam dalam suatu siri serangan terselaras. Dalam bulan

Ogos, Badege melancarkan serangan bersama yang melibatkan pembunuhan beramai-ramai orang awam. Laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada November menyatakan bahawa serangan itu telah dirancang secara

8

JUSTIFIKASI bersama oleh Badege dan Kolonel

Makoma

Semivumbi

Jacques.

Mengikut Laporan Kumpulan Pakar, pemimpin tempatan dari Masisi menyatakan bahawa Badege telah memerintahkan serangan

Raia

Mutomboki di darat.

Mengikut artikel Radio Okapi pada 28 Julai 2012, "pentadbir Masisi mengumumkan pada

Sabtu ini,

28 Julai, komander Batalion Kedua

Regimen 410

FARDC pangkalan

Nyabiondo, lebih kurang tiga puluh kilometer barat laut Goma di Kivu

Utara telah berpaling tadah.

Menurutnya, Kolonel Eric Badege dan lebih daripada seratus tentera telah bergerak pada hari Jumaat ke

Rubaya,

80

kilometer utara

Nabiondo.

Maklumat ini telah disahkan oleh beberapa sumber."

Mengikut artikel

BBC pada 23 November 2012, M23 telah dibentuk apabila bekas anggota

9

CNDP yang diserapkan dalam FARDC mula membantah terhadap layanan buruk dan gaji yang teruk, dan pelaksanaan perjanjian damai yang tidak sepenuhnya antara

CNDP dengan DRC pada 23 Mac 2009, yang mana perjanjian itu membawa kepada penggabungan

CNDP ke dalam FARDC.

M23 telah terlibat secara aktif dalam operasi ketenteraan untuk mengambil alih kawalan wilayah di bahagian timur

DRC, mengikut laporan IPIS pada November 2012.

M23 dan FARDC bertempur bagi mendapat kawalan beberapa bandar dan kampung di bahagian timur DRC pada 24 Julai dan 25 Julai 2012; M23

telah menyerang

Rumangabo pada 26 Julai 2012; M23

telah menyingkirkan FARDC dari

Kibumba pada 17 November 2012;

dan M23 mengambil alih kawalan ke atas Goma pada 20 November 2012.

10

Mengikut laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada November 2012, beberapa bekas askar tempur M23 mendakwa bahawa pemimpin M23

telah membunuh berdozen-dozen kanak-kanak yang cuba melarikan diri setelah direkrut sebagai askar kanak-kanak M23.

Mengikut laporan

Pemerhati

Hak-Hak Kemanusiaan (HRW) pada 11 September 2012, seorang lelaki

Rwanda, 18, yang dapat melarikan diri setelah direkrut secara paksa di

Rwanda memberitahu HRW yang dia menyaksikan pembunuhan seorang budak lelaki berumur 16 tahun dari unit

M23nya yang cuba untuk melarikan diri pada bulan Jun.

Budak lelaki itu telah ditangkap dan dipukul sehingga mati oleh pejuang-pejuang M23 di hadapan rekrut yang lain. Seorang komander yang mengarahkan pembunuhan budak lelaki itu didakwa kemudiannya memberitahu

11

JUSTIFIKASI rekrut yang lain

"dia mahu meninggalkan kita,"

sebagai penjelasan kenapa budak itu dibunuh. Laporan juga menyatakan bahawa saksi-saksi mendakwa bahawa sekurang-kurangnya 33

rekrut baru dan pejuang M23 yang lain telah dibunuh apabila mereka cuba untuk melarikan diri. Beberapa orang daripada mereka telah diikat dan ditembak di hadapan rekrut yang lain sebagai peringatan hukuman yang akan diterima oleh mereka.

Seorang rekrut muda memberitahu HRW, "semasa kami dalam M23, mereka kata [kami mempunyai pilihan]

dan boleh tinggal dengan mereka atau kami boleh mati. Ramai orang cuba untuk melarikan diri. Sebahagian mereka dijumpai dan kemudiannya mereka didapati mati.”.

BWAMBALE

Frank

Kakolele

Frank Kakorere

Rakyat Congo

Bekas pemimpin

RCD-ML, yang menggunakan pengaruh ke atas dasar dan masih berkuasa dalam

12

Frank Kakorere

Bwambale

Jeneral

FARDC, tanpa penempatan kerja setakat Jun 2011.

Meninggalkan

CNDP pada

Januari 2008.

Setakat Jun 2011

tinggal di

Kinshasa.

Sejak tahun 2010,

Kakolele terlibat dalam aktiviti, kelihatannya bagi pihak kerajaan

Programme de

Stabilisation et

Reconstruction des Zones Sortant des

Conflits Armés memerintah dan mengawal aktiviti angkatan tentera RCD-ML, salah satu kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

13

(STAREC), termasuk penyertaan dalam suatu misi

STAREC ke Goma dan Beni pada

Mac 2011.

IYAMUREMYE

Gaston

Rumuli

Byiringiro

Victor Rumuli

Victor Rumuri

Michel

Byiringiro 1948

Daerah Musanze

(Wilayah Utara),

Rwanda

Ruhengeri,

Rwanda

Orang Rwanda

Presiden FDLR dan

Naib

Presiden Kedua

FDLR-FOCA.

Setakat

Jun 2011, berpangkalan di

Kalonge, Wilayah

Kivu Utara.

Brigadier Jeneral

Mengikut pelbagai sumber, termasuk

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan

Kumpulan

Pakar

DRC,

Gaston

Iyamuremye ialah naib presiden kedua FDLR dan dianggap sebagai anggota teras kepada ketenteraan

FDLR dan kepimpinan politik. Gaston

Iyamuremye juga menguruskan pejabat

Ignace

Murwanashyaka

(Presiden FDLR) di Kibua, DRC sehingga Disember 2009.

Innocent

Colonel

Innocent KAINA

“India Queen”

Bunagana, wilayah

Ruthshuru, DRC

Innocent

Kaina pada masa ini seorang komander

Sektor di

Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23). Dia bertanggungjawab dan telah

14

JUSTIFIKASI melakukan pelanggaran serius undang-undang antarabangsa dan hak asasi manusia. Pada Julai 2007

Tribunal

Tentera

Garrison di

Kinshasa mendapati

Kaina bertanggungjawab bagi jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan yang dilakukan di Daerah Ituri, antara bulan Mei 2003 dan Disember 2005.

Dia telah dilepaskan dalam tahun 2009 sebagai sebahagian daripada perjanjian damai antara Kerajaan

Congo dengan CNDP. Dalam FARDC pada 2009, dia telah didapati bersalah kerana membunuh, menculik dan mencacat di wilayah

Masisi. Sebagai Komander di bawah perintah

Jeneral

Ntaganda, dia memulakan pemberontakan bekas anggota CNDP di wilayah Rutshuru pada April 2012. Dia memastikan keselamatan pemberontak keluar dari Masisi. Antara Mei dan Ogos 2012, dia menyelia perekrutan dan latihan ke atas 150 kanak-kanak bagi pemberontakan

M23, menembak

15

JUSTIFIKASI budak-budak lelaki yang cuba untuk melarikan diri. Pada Julai 2012 dia telah pergi ke Berunda dan Degho bagi aktiviti pengambilan dan perekrutan bagi M23.

KAKWAVU

BUKANDE

Jérôme

Jérôme

Kakwavu

Commandant

Jérôme

Goma

Rakyat Congo

Diberikan pangkat Jeneral dalam

FARDC pada

Disember 2004.

Setakat

Jun 2011, ditahan di

Penjara

Makala di

Kinshasa.

Pada 25

Mac 2011, Mahkamah

Tinggi Tentera di

Kinshasa telah memulakan perbicaraan terhadap

Kakwavu bagi

Bekas Presiden UCD/FAPC. FAPC mempunyai kawalan ke atas pos sempadan haram di antara Uganda dan DRC – laluan persinggahan utama bagi aliran senjata. Sebagai

Presiden

FAPC, dia mempunyai pengaruh ke atas dasar dan masih berkuasa dalam memerintah dan mengawal aktiviti angkatan tentera

FAPC, yang terlibat dalam pengedaran senjata, dan kemudiannya, melanggar embargo senjata.

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di

Ituri pada 2002.

16

JUSTIFIKASI jenayah perang.

Salah seorang daripada lima pegawai kanan FARDC yang telah dituduh atas jenayah berat yang melibatkan keganasan berunsur seksual yang kesnya telah dibawa oleh Majlis

Keselamatan kepada perhatian

Kerajaan semasa lawatan mereka pada 2009.

KATANGA

Germain

Rakyat Congo

Dilantik sebagai

Jeneral dalam

FARDC pada

Disember 2004.

Kerajaan

DRC telah menyerahkan beliau kepada

Mahkamah

Jenayah

Antarabangsa pada 18 Oktober 2007.

Ketua

FRPI.

Terlibat dalam pemindahan senjata, yang melanggar embargo senjata.

Mengikut

Pejabat

SRSG bagi

Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di Ituri dari 2002 hingga 2003.

17

Perbicaraannya telah bermula pada November 2009.

LUBANGA

Thomas

Ituri

Rakyat Congo

Ditahan di

Kinshasa pada

Mac 2005 kerana penglibatan

UPC/L dalam pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.

Dipindahkan ke

ICC oleh

DRC pada 17

Mac 2006

Perbicaraannya telah bermula pada

Januari 2009

dan dijangka tamat pada 2011.

Presiden

UPC/L, salah satu kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

Mengikut

Pejabat

SRSG bagi

Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di Ituri dari 2002 hingga 2003.

18

Disabitkan oleh

ICC pada

Mac 2012

dan dihukum 14

tahun penjara.

Telah merayu keputusan mahkamah.

MAKENGA

Sultani

Colonel

EMMANUEL

25

Disember 1973/Rutshuru,

Rakyat Congo

Pemimpin tentera

Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23)

kumpulan yang beroperasi di

Republik

Demokratik

Sultani

Makenga ialah seorang pemimpin tentera Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) kumpulan yang beroperasi di Republik Demokratik

Sebagai pemimpin

(juga dikenali sebagai Tentera Revolusi

Congo),

Sultani

Makenga telah melakukan dan bertanggungjawab bagi pelanggaran serius yang melibatkan wanita dan kanak-kanak sebagai sasaran dalam situasi konflik bersenjata, termasuk pembunuhan dan pencacatan, keganasan seksual, penculikan, dan pemindahan

19

JUSTIFIKASI paksaan. Dia juga bertanggungjawab bagi pelanggaran undang-undang antarabangsa berkaitan dengan tindakan M23 dalam merekrut atau menggunakan kanak-kanak dalam konflik bersenjata di DRC. Di bawah arahan Sultani Makenga, M23 telah melancarkan kekejaman dahsyat terhadap penduduk DRC. Mengikut testimoni dan laporan, tentera yang beroperasi di bawah arahan Sultan

Makenga telah melakukan rogol di seluruh wilayah Rutshuru terhadap wanita dan kanak-kanak, sebahagian mereka semuda 8 tahun, sebagai sebahagian daripada polisi untuk menyatukan kawalan di wilayah

Rutshuru.

Di bawah arahan

Makenga, M23 telah menjalankan kempen perekrutan paksa berleluasa ke atas kanak-kanak di DRC dan rantau ini, di samping sebahagian besarnya telah membunuh, mencacatkan dan mencederakan kanak-kanak. Kebanyakan kanak-kanak yang dipaksa adalah di bawah

20

JUSTIFIKASI umur 15 tahun. Makenga juga dilaporkan sebagai penerima senjata dan materiel berkaitan yang melanggar langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh

DRC untuk melaksanakan embargo senjata, termasuklah ordinan domestik mengenai pengimportan dan pemilikan senjata dan material berkaitan.

Tindakan

Makenga sebagai pemimpin adalah pelanggaran serius undang-undang antarabangsa dan kekejaman terhadap penduduk awam DRC, dan telah memburukkan keadaan yang tidak selamat, pemindahan paksa dan konflik di rantau ini.

MANDRO

Khawa

Panga

Kawa Panga

Kawa Panga

Mandro

Kawa Mandro

20 Ogos 1973, Bunia

Rakyat Congo

Ditahan dalam penjara di Bunia pada April 2005

kerana mensabotaj proses

Bekas Presiden PUSIC, salah satu kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

(2003)

yang terlibat dalam pengedaran senjata yang melanggar embargo senjata.

21

Yves Andoul

Karim

Mandro Panga

Kahwa

Yves Khawa

Panga Mandro

“Chief Kahwa”

“Kawa”

keamanan di

Ituri.

Ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Congo pada

Oktober 2005, dibebaskan oleh

Mahkamah

Rayuan di

Kisangani, seterusnya dipindahkan kepada pihak berkuasa kehakiman

Kinshasa atas tuduhan baru bagi jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan, jenayah perang, pembunuhan, amang dan serang sentuh yang teruk

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak dari 2001 hingga 2002.

22

Setakat

Jun 2011, ditahan di

Penjara

Pusat

Makala, Kinshasa

MBARUSHIMANA

Callixte

24 Julai 1963,

Ndusu/

Ruhengeri

Wilayah Utara,

Rwanda

Rakyat Rwanda

Ditahan di Paris pada 3 Oktober 2010 di bawah waran ICC bagi jenayah perang dan jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh tentera

FDLR di Kivus pada 2009 dan dipindahkan ke

The Hague pada 25 Januari 2011.

Setiausaha Eksekutif FDLR dan Naib

Presiden kumpulan pemerintah tertinggi tentera FDLR sehinggalah penangkapannya.

Pemimpin politik/tentera suatu kumpulan tentera asing yang beroperasi di Republik Demokratik

Congo, mengganggu proses pelucutan senjata dan penghantaran balik secara sukarela askar tempur, seperti dalam ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan 1857(2008) OP 4 (b).

23

MPAMO

Iruta

Douglas

Mpano

Douglas Iruta

Mpamo 28 Disember 1965, Bashali,

Masisi

29 Disember 1965, Goma,

(dahulu dikenali sebagai

Zaire)

Uvira

Rakyat Congo

Setakat

Jun 2011, tinggal di

Gisenyi, Rwanda.

Tidak mempunyai pekerjaan semenjak dua kapal terbang yang diuruskan oleh Great Lakes

Business

Company (GLBC)

jatuh terhempas.

Pemilik/Pengurus

Compagnie

Aérienne des Grands Lacs dan Great

Lakes Business Company, yang kapal terbang syarikat itu telah digunakan bagi memberi bantuan kepada kumpulan bersenjata dan tentera seperti yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

Juga bertanggungjawab kerana menyembunyikan maklumat tentang kapal terbang dan kargo yang dengan nyata membenarkan pelanggaran embargo senjata.

MUDACUMURA

Sylvestre

Dikenali sebagai:

"Radja"

"Mupenzi

Bernard"

Rakyat Rwanda

Komander tentera FDLR-FOCA, juga Naib

Presiden Pertama politik dan ketua

FOCA High

Komander

FDLR, menggunakan pengaruh ke atas dasar, dan mengekalkan pemerintahan dan kawalan aktiviti angkatan tentera

FDLR, salah satu kumpulan bersenjata dan tentera yang disebut dalam perenggan 20 Ketetapan 1493

24

"General Major

Mupenzi"

“General

Mudacumura

Command, yang menggabungkan keseluruhan fungsi tentera dan politik sejak penahanan pemimpin FDLR di Eropah.

Setakat Jun 2011, berpangkalan di hutan

Kikoma, berhampiran

Bogoyi, Walikale,

Kivu Utara.

senjata, yang melanggar embargo senjata.

Mudacumura

(atau kakitangan)

terlibat dalam komunikasi telefon dengan Murwanashyaka, pemimpin

FDLR di Jerman, termasuk pada masa pembunuhan beramai-ramai di

Busurungi pada Mei 2009 dan Major

Guillaume, komander tentera semasa

Operasi Umoja Wetu dan Kimia II pada 2009.

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi 27 kes perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak oleh askar di bawah kepimpinannya di Kivu Utara dari 2002 hingga 2007.

MUGARAGU

Leodomir

Manzi Leon

Leo Manzi 1954

1953

Kigali, Rwanda

Rakyat Rwanda

Ketua Staf, FDLR-FOCA, yang bertanggung-Mengikut sumber terbuka dan laporan rasmi, Leodomir Mugaragu merupakan

Ketua

Staf

Forces

Combattantes

Abucunguzi/

Combatant Force for the Liberation of

25

Rushashi

(Wilayah Utara),

Rwanda jawab bagi pentadbiran

Setakat

Jun 2011, berpangkalan di ibu pejabat FDLR di hutan Kikoma,

Bogoyi, Walikale,

Kivu Utara.

Rwanda (FOCA), sayap bersenjata

FDLR.

Mengikut laporan rasmi

Mugaragu ialah perancang kanan bagi operasi ketenteraan FDLR di timur DRC.

MUKULU

Jamil

Profesor

Musharaf;

Steven

Alirabaki;

David

Kyagulanyi;

Musezi

Talengelanimiro;

Mzee Tutu;

1965

Tarikh lahir alternatif:

1 Januari, 1964

Kampung Ntoke,

Wilayah Kecil

Ntenjeru, Daerah

Kayunga, Uganda

Gelaran: Ketua

Allied

Democaratic

Forces (ADF)

Gelaran

Alternatif:

Komander, Allied

Democratic

Forces

Kewarganega-raan: Uganda

Mengikut sumber terbuka dan laporan rasmi, termasuk laporan

Kumpulan

Pakar

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan UNSC DRC, En. Jamil Mukulu ialah ketua tentera

Allied

Democaratic Forces (ADF), kumpulan bersenjata asing yang beroperasi di

DRC yang menghalang pelucutan senjata dan repatriasi atau penempatan semula secara sukarela askar tempur ADF, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam perenggan 4(b)

Ketetapan 1857 (2008).

26

Abdullah

Junjuaka;

Alibaki

Kyagulanyi;

Hussein

Muhammad;

Nicolas Luumu;

Talengelanimiro;

Kumpulan

Pakar

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan UNSC DRC telah melaporkan bahawa Mukulu telah memberikan kepimpinan dan sokongan material kepada ADF, suatu kumpulan tentera yang beroperasi di wilayah DRC.

Mengikut pelbagai sumber, termasuk laporan

Kumpulan

Pakar

Jawatankuasa Sekatan UNSC DRC,

Jamil

Mukulu juga terus menggunakan pengaruhnya ke atas dasar, memberikan bantuan kewangan, dan memegang pemerintahan dan kawalan secara langsung terhadap aktiviti-aktiviti angkatan

ADF dalam medan, termasuk menyelia rangkaian pengganas antarabangsa.

MUJYAMBERE

Leopold

Musenyeri

Achille

17 Mac 1962, Kigali,

Rwanda

Est. 1966

Rakyat Rwanda

Setakat

Jun 2011, Komander sektor operasi

Kivu

Selatan

Komander Divisyen Kedua FOCA/the

Reserve Brigades (cawangan senjata

FDLR). Pemimpin tentera suatu kumpulan bersenjata asing yang beroperasi di Republik Demokratik

Congo, yang menghalang pelucutan

27

Frere

Petrus

Ibrahim yang sekarang dikenali sebagai

‘Amazon’ FDLR-Berpangkalan di

Nyakaleke

(tenggara

Mwenga,

Kivu

Selatan).

senjata dan repatriasi dan penempatan semula secara sukarela askar tempur, yang melanggar ketetapan Majlis Keselamatan 1857

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan

Kumpulan

Pakar UNSC DRC, butiran dalam laporannya bertarikh 13 Februari 2008, gadis-gadis yang diselamatkan daripada FDLR-FOCA telah diculik dan dicabul secara seksual. Sejak pertengahan 2007, FDLR-FOCA, yang dahulunya merekrut budak-budak remaja lelaki dalam lingkungan umur pertengahan dan lewat remaja, telah merekrut secara paksa anak muda dari umur 10 tahun. Kanak-kanak muda digunakan sebagai pengiring dan kanak-kanak yang lebih tua sebagai tentera barisan hadapan, yang melanggar ketetapan

Majlis Keselamatan 1857 (2008) OP4

28

MURWANASH-YAKA

Dr. Ignace

Ignace 14 Mei 1963,

Butera (Rwanda)

Ngoma, Butare

(Rwanda)

Rakyat Rwanda

Ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Jerman pada 17

November 2009.

Digantikan oleh

Gaston

Iamuremye, alias

‘Rumuli’ sebagai

Presiden

FDLR-Perbicaraan

Murwanashyaka bagi jenayah perang dan jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh tentera

FDLR di

DRC pada 2008

Presiden

FDLR dan komander tertinggi angkatan tentera FDLR yang menggunakan pengaruh ke atas dasar, dan mengekalkan kuasa dan kawalan ke atas aktiviti angkatan tentera FDLR, salah satu daripada kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

(2003)

yang terlibat dalam pengedaran senjata, yang melanggar embargo senjata.

Berkomunikasi melalui telefon dengan komander perang tentera

(termasuk semasa pembunuhan beramai-ramai di

Busurungi pada

Mei 2009);

mengeluarkan arahan ketenteraan kepada komander tertinggi; terlibat dalam menguruskan pemindahan senjata dan peluru kepada unit-unit

FDLR dan memberi arahan khusus bagi menggunakan; menguruskan jumlah wang yang besar yang dikumpul daripada penjualan

29

JUSTIFIKASI dan 2009

bermula pada 4 Mei 2011 di mahkamah

Jerman.

sumber asli secara haram dalam kawasan yang dikawal oleh FDLR.

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia memegang tanggungjawab memerintah sebagai Presiden dan komander tentera

FDLR bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak oleh FDLR di Congo Timur.

MUSONI

Straton

IO Musoni 6 April 1961

(kemungkinan 4

Jun 1961)

Mugambazi,

Kigali, Rwanda

Rakyat Rwanda

Ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Jerman pada 17

November 2009

Perbicaraan

Musoni bagi jenayah perang dan perang terhadap kemanusiaan yang dilakukan

Melalui kepimpinannya dalam FDLR, kumpulan bersenjata asing yang beroperasi di

DRC,

Musoni menghalang perlucutan senjata dan repatriasi atau penempatan semula secara sukarela askar tempur yang menganggotai kumpulan tersebut, yang melanggar ketetapan 1649

30

JUSTIFIKASI oleh tentera

FDLR di

DRC pada 2008 dan 2009

bermula pada 4 Mei 2011

di mahkamah

Jerman.

Digantikan daripada menjadi

Naib

Presiden pertama

FDLR oleh

Sylvestre

Mudacumura.

MUTEBUTSI

Jules

Jules Mutebusi

Jules Mutebuzi

Colonel

Mutebutsi 1964,

Minembwe

Kivu Selatan

Rakyat Congo

Bekas Timbalan

Komander

Tentera Serantau

FARDC bagi

Tentera Wilayah

Kesepuluh pada

April 2004, dibuang kerja

Menyertai tentera yang melarikan diri daripada bekas RCD-G untuk mengambil alih bandar Bukavu pada

Mei 2004 secara paksaan. Terlibat dalam penerimaan senjata di luar struktur

FARDC dan memberi bekalan kepada kumpulan bersenjata dan tentera yang disebut dalam perenggan 20 Ketetapan 1493

31

JUSTIFIKASI kerana masalah disiplin.

Pada

Disember 2007, dia ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Rwanda apabila cuba menyeberangi sempadan untuk masuk ke dalam

DRC. Sejak itu, dia tinggal dengan kebebasan terhad di Kigali

(tidak dibenarkan meninggalkan negara).

senjata.

WA

MYAMURO

Baudoin

Colonel

Baudoin

1 April 1978,

Bibwe,

Rakyat Congo

Gelaran:

pemimpin

Pada

April 2012,

Ngaruye mengarahkan pemberontakan oleh bekas anggota CNDP, yang dikenali sebagai Mouvement du 23 Mars

32

1978,

Wilayah

Lusamambo

Lubero, DRC tentera

Mouvement du 23 Mars

(M23)

Identiti FARDC :

1-78-

09-44621-80

Alamat sekarang:

Rubavu/Mudende,

Rwanda;

Pangkat: Bde

Gen;

Masuk ke

Republik

Rwanda pada 16/03/2013 di

Gasizi/Rubavu

Ntaganda.

Ketika ini dia ialah komander tentera berpangkat ketiga tertinggi dalam M23. Sebelum ini,

Kumpulan Pakar DRC mengesyorkan beliau jawatan pada tahun 2008 and dan pada akhir 2010 bagi M23. Dia telah melakukan pembunuhan, pencacatan dan penculikan, sering menjadikan wanita sebagai sasaran.

Dia bertanggungjawab bagi pembunuhan dan penyeksaan orang yang melarikan diri daripada M23.

Pada tahun 2009 dalam FARDC, dia telah memerintahkan untuk membunuh semua lelaki di kampung

Shalio di

Walikale.

Dia juga membekalkan senjata, peluru dan gaji di Masisi dan Walikale di bawah arahan terus daripada Ntaganda.

33

Pada 2010, dia telah merancang pemindahan paksa dan rampasan ke atas penduduk di kawasan Lukopfu.

Dia juga terlibat secara berleluasa dalam rangkaian jenayah dalam

FARDC dengan memperoleh keuntungan daripada perdagangan sumber galian yang membawa kepada ketegangan dan keganasan dengan Kolonel Innocent Zimurinda pada tahun 2011.

NGUDJOLO

Mathieu,

Chui

Cui Ngudjolo

Ditahan oleh

MONUC di Bunia pada

Oktober 2003.

Diserahkan oleh

Kerajaan

DRC kepada

Mahkamah

Jenayah

Antarabangsa pada 7 Februari 2008.

Dilepaskan

Ketua Staf FNI dan bekas Ketua Staf

FRPI, yang menggunakan pengaruh ke atas dasar dan mengekalkan kuasa dan kawalan ke atas aktiviti angkatan tentera FRPI, salah satu daripada kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia

34

JUSTIFIKASI daripada semua tuduhan oleh ICC pada

Disember 2012.

Setelah dilepaskan daripada jagaan, telah ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Belanda, dan telah memfailkan tuntutan bagi suaka di

Netherlands.

bertanggungjawab dalam perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di bawah umur 15 tahun di Ituri pada 2006.

NJABU

Floribert

Ngabu

Floribert Njabu

Floribert

Ndjabu

Floribert Ngabu

Ndjabu

Ditahan dan dikenakan tahanan dalam rumah di

Kinshasa sejak

Mac 2005 kerana penglibatan FNI dalam pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.

Dipindahkan ke

Presiden FNI, salah satu daripada kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

35

The Hague pada 27

Mac 2011

untuk memberi keterangan dalam perbicaraan

Germain Katanga dan

Mathieu

Ngudjolo di ICC.

Memohon suaka di

Netherlands pada Mei 2011.

Pada

Oktober 2012, mahkamah

Belanda menolak tuntutan suakanya, kes ini sekarang dalam rayuan.

NKUNDA

Laurent

Nkunda Mihigo

Laurent

6 Februari 1967

Kivu

Utara/Rutshuru

Rakyat Congo

Bekas

Jeneral

RCD-G.

Menyertai tentera yang melarikan diri daripada bekas RCD-G untuk mengambil alih Bukavu pada Mei 04

secara paksaan. Menerima senjata di

36

Laurent

Nkunda

Bwatare

Laurent

Nkundabatware

Laurent Nkunda

Mahoro

Batware

Laurent Nkunda

Batware

“Chairman”

“General

Nkunda”

“Papa Six”

2 Februari 1967

Pengasas,

National

Congress for the

People’s Defense,

2006;

Pegawai Kanan,

Rally for

Congolese

Democracy-Goma

(RCD-G),

1998-2006;

Pegawai Rwanda

Patriotic

Front

(RPF),

1992-1998.

Laurent Nkunda telah ditahan oleh pihak berkuasa

Rwanda di

Rwanda pada

Januari 2009 dan digantikan sebagai luar FARDC yang melanggar embargo senjata.

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi 264 kes perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak oleh askar di bawah kepimpinannya di Kivu Utara dari 2002 hingga 2009.

37

JUSTIFIKASI komander CNDP.

Sejak itu, dia dikenakan tahanan dalam rumah di Kigali,

Rwanda.

Permintaan

Kerajaan

DRC untuk mengekstradisi

Nkunda bagi jenayah yang dilakukan di timur DRC telah ditolak oleh

Rwanda.

Pada 2010, rayuan

Nkunda berhubung tahanan secara menyalahi undang-undang telah ditolak oleh mahkamah

38

Rwanda di

Gisenyi, yang membuat keputusan bahawa perkara ini harus diperiksa oleh mahkamah tentera. Peguam

Nkunda telah memulakan prosedur dengan

Mahkamah

Tentera Rwanda.

Mengekalkan pengaruh terhad terhadap unsur tertentu CNDP.

NSANZUBUKIRE

Felicien

Fred Irakeza 1967

Murama,

Kinyinya,

Rubungo,

Rakyat Rwanda

Ketua

Batalion

Pertama

FDLR-FOCA, berpangkalan di

Felician

Nsanzubukire mengawal selia dan menyelaras pengedaran peluru dan senjata antara sekurang-kurangnya November 2008 dan April 2009

dari

Republik

Bersatu

Tanzania, melalui Tasik Tanganyika,

39

Kigali,

Rwanda kawasan Uvira-Sange di

Kivu

Selatan

Ahli FDLR sejak sekurang-kurangnya 1994

dan beroperasi di timur

DRC sejak

Oktober 1998.

Setakat

Jun 2011, berpangkalan di

Magunda, wilayah Mwenga,

Kivu Selatan.

ke unit-unit FDLR berpangkalan di

Uvira dan kawasan Fizi di Kivu

Selatan.

NTAWUNGUKA

Pacifique

Colonel Omega

Nzeri

Israel

Pacifique 1 Januari 1964,

Gaseke, Wilayah

Gisenyi, Rwanda

Est. 1964

Rakyat Rwanda

Komander,

Sektor

Operasi

Kivu

Utara

‘SONOKI’

daripada FDLR-Komander Divisyen Pertama FOCA

(cawangan bersenjata

FDLR).

Pemimpin tentera suatu kumpulan bersenjata asing yang beroperasi di

Republik

Demokratik

Congo, menghalang pelucutan senjata dan repatriasi dan penempatan semula secara sukarela askar tempur, yang

40

Ntawungula

Setakat

Jun 2011, berpangkalan di

Matembe,

Kivu

Utara.

Memperoleh latihan ketenteraan di

Mesir melanggar ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b).

Dalam keterangan yang dikumpul oleh

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan

Kumpulan Pakar UNSC DRC, seperti yang terkandung dalam laporannya bertarikh 13 Februari 2008, gadis-gadis yang diselamatkan daripada

FDLR-FOCA dahulunya diculik dan dicabul secara seksual.

Sejak pertengahan 2007, FDLR-FOCA, yang dahulunya telah merekrut budak-budak lelaki dalam peringkat pertengahan hingga lewat remaja, telah merekrut budak-budak muda secara paksa dari umur 10 tahun.

Kanak-kanak muda digunakan sebagai pengiring, dan kanak-kanak yang lebih tua digunakan sebagai askar barisan hadapan, yang melanggar ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan 1857 (2008) OP4 (d)

dan (e).

41

NYAKUNI

James

Rakyat Uganda

Perkongsian perdagangan dengan

Jerome

Kakwavu, khususnya penyeludupan merentasi sempadan

DRC/Uganda, termasuk disyaki terlibat dalam penyeludupan senjata dan bahan ketenteraan dalam trak yang tidak diperiksa. Pelanggaran embargo senjata dan pemberian bantuan kepada kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493 (2003), termasuk bantuan kewangan yang membolehkan mereka beroperasi secara ketenteraan.

NZEYIMANA

Stanislas

Deogratias

Bigaruka

Izabayo

Bigaruka

Bigurura

Izabayo Deo

1 Januari 1966,

Mugusa (Butare),

Rwanda

Est. 1967

Tarikh lahir alternatif 28 Ogos 1966

Rakyat Rwanda

Timbalan

Komander FDLR-Setakat

Jun 2011, berpangkalan di

Mukoberwa,

Timbalan

Komander

(cawangan bersenjata

FDLR).

Pemimpin tentera suatu kumpulan bersenjata asing yang beroperasi di

Republik Demokratik Congo, yang menghalang pelucutan senjata dan repatriasi dan penempatan semula secara sukarela askar tempur, yang melanggar ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b).

42

Jules Mateso

Mlamba

Kivu Utara

Dalam bukti yang dikumpulkan oleh

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan

Kumpulan

Pakar

UNSC DRC, seperti yang terkandung dalam laporannya pada 13 Februari 2008, gadis-gadis yang diselamatkan daripada FDLR-FOCA dahulunya telah diculik dan dicabul secara seksual. Sejak pertengahan 2007, FDLR-FOCA, yang dahulunya merekrut budak-budak lelaki dalam umur pertengahan hingga lewat remaja, telah merekrut remaja secara paksa dari umur 10 tahun.

Kanak-kanak muda digunakan sebagai pengiring, dan kanak-kanak yang lebih tua digunakan sebagai tentera barisan hadapan, yang melanggar ketetapan

Majlis

Keselamatan 1857 (2008) OP4 (d)

dan (e).

OZIA MAZIO

Dieudonné

Ozia Mazio

‘Omari’

‘Mr Omari’

6 Jun 1949,

Ariwara

Rakyat Congo

Semasa presiden

Fédération des

Pengaturan kewangan dengan

Jerome Kakwavu dan FAPC dan penyeludupan merentasi sempadan

DRC/Uganda, membenarkan bekalan dan wang tunai tersedia kepada

43

JUSTIFIKASI enterprises congolaises (FEC)

dalam wilayah

Aru, Dieudonné

Ozia

Mazio dipercayai meninggal dunia di Ariwara pada 23

September 2008.

Kakwavu dan tenteranya.

Pelanggaran embargo senjata, termasuk memberikan bantuan kepada kumpulan bersenjata dan tentera yang disebut dalam perenggan 20,

Ketetapan 1493

RUNIGA

Jean-Marie

Lugerero

Jean-Marie

Rugerero

Anggaran pada tahun 1960

9

September 1966,

Bukavu,

Alamat sekarang:

Rubavu/

Mudende;

Rwanda

Memasuki

Republik

Rwanda pada 16

Mac 2013, di

Gasizi /Rubavu

Suatu dokumen bertarikh 9 Julai 2012

yang ditandatangani oleh pemimpin M23, Sultani Makenga menamakan

Runiga sebagai penyelaras sayap politik

M23.

Mengikut dokumen itu, pelantikan

Runiga disebabkan oleh keperluan untuk memastikan kebolehlihatan tindakan M23.

Runiga dinamakan sebagai 'Presiden'

M23 dalam pengumuman di laman web kumpulan.

Peranan kepimpinannya disokong oleh laporan

Kumpulan

Pakar pada

44

November 2012, yang merujuk

Runiga sebagai `pemimpin M23’.

Mengikut artikel Associated Press pada 13 Disember 2012, Runiga telah menunjukkan kepada

Associated Press senarai tuntutan yang dinyatakannya akan dikemukakan kepada

Kerajaan

Congo. Termasuk dalam tuntutan itu adalah perletakan jawatan Kabila dan pembubaran perhimpunan kebangsaan.

Runiga menyatakan sekiranya diberikan peluang, M23

boleh mengambil semula Goma. "Dan pada masa ini kami tidak akan berundur,"

Runiga memberitahu

Associated

Press.

Dia juga menyatakan bahawa cawangan politik M23 sepatutnya mengambil semula kawalannya ke atas Goma sebagai prasyarat kepada rundingan.

"Saya berpendapat anggota kita di

Kampala mewakili kita. Tidak berapa lama lagi saya akan ke sana, juga.

Saya sedang menunggu supaya perkara dapat diatur dan apabila

45

Kabila ke sana, saya juga akan pergi,"

kata Runiga.

Mengikut artikel Le Figaro pada 26

November 2012,

Runiga berjumpa dengan Presiden

Kabila pada 24 November 2012

untuk memulakan rundingan. Secara berasingan, dalam temu bual dengan

Le Figaro, Runiga menyatakan, "M23

terdiri terutamanya daripada bekas anggota tentera

FARDC yang berpaling tadah kerana membantah ketidakhormatan persetujuan 23 Mac 2009". Beliau menambah,

"tentera adalah pembolos daripada tentera yang meninggalkan senjata mereka bersama. Baru-baru ini, kami mendapat balik banyak peralatan dari pangkalan tentera di

Bunagana.

Pada ketika ini, ini membolehkan kami untuk mendapatkan semula wilayah setiap hari dan menangkis semua serangan daripada

Revolusi kami untuk rakyat Congo dipimpin oleh

46

JUSTIFIKASI rakyat

Congo dan bagi rakyat

Congo."

Mengikut artikel

Reuters pada 22

November 2012,

Runiga menyatakan mempunyai keupayaan untuk bergantung kepada

Goma selepas tentera M23 yang ditunjangi oleh askar Congo yang belot daripada FARDC: "Pertamanya kita mempunyai tentera yang berdisplin, dan juga tentera FARDC yang menyertai kita. Mereka adalah saudara kita, mereka akan dilatih semula dan dikitar semula kemudian kita akan bekerja dengan mereka."

Mengikut artikel yang diterbitkan dalam

The

Guardian pada 27

November 2012,

Runiga membayangkan bahawa M23 akan menolak untuk mematuhi semua permintaan pemimpin wilayah

Persidangan

Antarabangsa

Great

Lakes supaya meninggalkan Goma demi memberi laluan bagi perbincangan damai.

Sebaliknya,

47

Runiga menyatakan bahawa pengunduran dari

Goma merupakan hasil rundingan bukan prasyarat.

Mengikut Laporan Akhir Kumpulan

Pakar pada 15 November 2012,

Runiga memimpin delegasi yang pergi ke Kampala, Uganda pada 29 Julai, 2012 dan memuktamadkan 21 perkara agenda pergerakan M23

sebelum rundingan yang dijadualkan di Persidangan Antarabangsa di

Wilayah Great Lakes.

Mengikut artikel

BBC pada 23 November 2012, M23 telah dibentuk apabila bekas anggota

CNDP yang diserap ke dalam FARDC mula membantah terhadap layanan buruk dan gaji yang teruk, dan pelaksanaan perjanjian damai 23

Mac 2009 yang tidak memenuhi janji, perjanjian damai antara CNDP dengan DRC yang membawa kepada

48

JUSTIFIKASI penggabungan

CNDP ke dalam

M23 telah terlibat dalam operasi tentera secara aktif demi mengawal wilayah timur

DRC, mengikut laporan IPIS pada 25 November menyerang FARDC di Rumangabo pada 26 Julai 2012; M23 menyingkir

FARDC dari

Kibumba pada 17

November 2012; dan mengambil kawalan ke atas Goma pada 20 November 2012.

Mengikut laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada November 2012, beberapa bekas askar tempur M23 mendakwa bahawa pemimpin telah membunuh berdozen kanak-kanak yang cuba untuk melarikan diri setelah direkrut sebagai askar kanak-kanak M23.

49

Mengikut laporan

Pemerhati

Hak-Hak Kemanusiaan (HRW) pada 11 September 2012, seorang lelaki

Rwanda, 18 tahun, yang melarikan diri selepas direkrut secara paksa di

Rwanda memberitahu HRW bahawa dia menyaksikan pembunuhan seorang budak lelaki berumur 16 tahun daripada unit M23nya yang cuba untuk melarikan diri pada Jun.

Budak lelaki itu telah ditangkap dan dipukul sehingga mati oleh pejuang-pejuang M23 di hadapan rekrut yang lain.

Komander yang mengarahkan pembunuhan itu kemudian mengatakan kepada rekrut yang lain

"Dia mahu meninggalkan kita"

sebagai penjelasan kenapa budak lelaki itu dibunuh. Laporan juga menyatakan bahawa saksi-saksi mendakwa bahawa sekurang-kurangnya 33 rekrut baru dan pejuang M23

yang lain telah dibunuh apabila mereka cuba untuk melarikan diri.

Sebahagian mereka telah diikat dan

50

JUSTIFIKASI ditembak di hadapan rekrut yang lain sebagai peringatan hukuman yang akan diterima. Seorang rekrut muda memberitahu HRW, "Apabila kami bersama dengan M23, mereka kata [kita mempunyai pilihan] dan boleh tinggal bersama mereka atau kami akan mati. Ramai orang cuba untuk melarikan diri. Sebahagian mereka dijumpai dan kemudiannya didapati mati.

SHEKA

Ntabo

Ntaberi

4 April 1976

Wilayah Walikale,

Rakyat Congo

Ketua Komander

Tertinggi,

Pertahanan

Nduma

Congo,

Kumpulan Mayi

Mayi Sheka

Ntabo

Ntaberi

Sheka,

Ketua

Komander

Tertinggi cawangan politik Mayi Mayi Sheka, ialah seorang pemimpin politik kumpulan bersenjata Congo yang menghalang pelucutan senjata, pemberhentian daripada khidmat kerahan, atau integrasi semula askar tempur. Mayi

Mayi Sheka ialah kumpulan tentera berpangkalan di

Congo yang beroperasi dari pangkalan dalam wilayah Walikale di timur Republik

Demokratik Congo.

51

Kumpulan Mayi Mayi Sheka telah melakukan serangan ke atas lombong-lombong di timur Republik

Demokratik

Congo, termasuk mengambil alih lombong Bisiye dan memeras ugut penduduk tempatan.

Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka juga telah melakukan pelanggaran serius undang-undang antarabangsa yang melibatkan kanak-kanak sebagai sasaran. Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka telah merancang dan mengarahkan suatu siri serangan di wilayah Walikale dari 30 Julai sehingga 2 Ogos, 2010, untuk menghukum penduduk tempatan yang dituduh bekerjasama dengan angkatan tentera Kerajaan

Congo. Dalam serangan tersebut, kanak-kanak telah dirogol dan diculik, dijadikan buruh paksa dan diberikan layanan kejam, tidak berperikemanusiaan atau menjatuhkan maruah. Kumpulan tentera

Mayi

Mayi

Sheka juga merekrut budak-budak secara paksa

52

JUSTIFIKASI dan mengawal kanak-kanak menurut pangkat mereka semasa perekrutan dibuat.

TAGANDA

Bosco

Bosco Ntaganda

Bosco Ntagenda

General

Taganda

‘Lydia’

semasa dia menjadi sebahagian APR

‘Terminator’

Tanda panggilan

‘Tango Romeo’

atau ‘Tango’

‘Major’

1973 – 74

Bigogwe,

Rwanda

Rakyat Congo

Dilahirkan di

Rwanda, dia berpindah ke

Nyamitaba, wilayah

Masisi,

Kivu

Utara, semasa dia kanak-kanak.

Setakat

Jun 2011, dia tinggal di

Goma dan memiliki ladang-ladang yang besar di kawasan

Ngungu, wilayah

Masisi,

Kivu

Utara.

Komander tentera

UPC/L, yang mempunyai pengaruh ke atas dasar, dan memerintah dan mengekalkan pemerintahan dan kawalan ke atas aktiviti UPC/L, salah satu daripada kumpulan bersenjata dan ketenteraan yang disebut dalam perenggan 20

Ketetapan 1493

Disember 2004

tetapi enggan menerima kenaikan pangkat tersebut, dan oleh itu kekal berada di luar FARDC.

Mengikut Pejabat SRSG bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, dia bertanggungjawab bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di

Ituri pada 2002 dan 2003, dan 155

53

Dinamakan

Brigadier Jeneral

FARDC melalui

Dekri

Presiden pada 11

Disember 2004, berikutan perjanjian damai

Ituri.

Bekas Ketua Staf di

CNDP dan menjadi komander tentera

CNDP sejak penahanan

Laurent Nkunda pada

Januari 2009.

Sejak

Januari 2009, merupakan

Timbalan

Komander de kes yang melibatkan tanggungjawab mengarahkan dan/atau memberi arahan bagi perekrutan dan penggunaan kanak-kanak di Kivu

Utara dari 2002 hingga 2009.

Sebagai

Ketua

Staf

CNDP, mempunyai tanggungjawab mengarah dan memberi perintah bagi pembunuhan beramai-ramai di

Kiwanja (November 2008).

54

JUSTIFIKASI facto untuk operasi

Consecutive anti-

‘Umoja

Wetu’, ‘Kimia II’, dan

‘Amani Leo’ di

Kivu Utara dan

Kivu Selatan.

Memasuki

Rwanda pada

Mac 2013, dan menyerah diri secara sukarela kepada pegawai

ICC di Kigali pada 22

Mac.

Dipindahkan ke

ICC di The Hague di mana pertuduhan telah dibacakan kepadanya dalam kehadiran

55

JUSTIFIKASI awal perbicaraan pada 26 Mac.

ZIMURINDA

Innocent

Zimulinda 1 September 1972.

Atau 1975

Ngungu,

Wilayah Masisi,

Wilayah

Kivu

Utara,

16

Mac 1972,

Masisi, DRC

Rakyat Congo

Kolonel dalam

Diserapkan ke dalam

FARDC pada 2009

sebagai Leftenan

Kolonel, komander briged dalam Ops

FARDC Kimia II, berpangkalan di kawasan

Ngungu.

Pada Julai 2009,

Zimurinda telah dinaikkan pangkat Kolonel penuh dan menjadi

Mengikut pelbagai sumber, Lt Kol

Innocent

Zimurinda, dalam kapasitinya sebagai salah seorang komander dalam FARDC Briged ke-

231, memberikan arahan yang mengakibatkan pembunuhan lebih 100

orang pelarian

Rwanda, kebanyakannya wanita dan kanak-kanak, semasa operasi ketenteraan pada April 2009 di kawasan Shalio.

Jawatankuasa

Sekatan

Kumpulan

Pakar

DRC melaporkan bahawa Lt Kol Innocent Zimurinda telah disaksikan enggan melepaskan tiga orang kanak-kanak daripada tenteranya di Kalehe pada 29 Ogos 2009.

Mengikut pelbagai sumber, Lt Kol

Innocent Zimurinda, sebelum CNDP diserapkan ke dalam FARDC, telah menyertai suatu operasi CNDP pada

56

JUSTIFIKASI komander Sektor

Ngungu dan seterusnya di

Kitchanga dalam

Operasi

Kimia

II dan

Operasi

Amani

Leo.

Walaupun

Zimurinda tidak muncul dalam ordinan Presiden

DRC yang mencalonkan pegawai tinggi

FARDC pada 31

Disember 2010,

Zimurinda telah mengekalkan jawatannya secara de facto di sektor ke-22

Kitchanga dan

November 2008

yang telah mengakibatkan pembunuhan beramai-ramai seramai 89 orang awam, termasuk wanita dan kanak-kanak, di wilayah Kiwanja.

Pada Mac 2010, 51 kumpulan hak asasi manusia yang bekerja di Timur

DRC mendakwa bahawa Zimurinda bertanggungjawab bagi beberapa pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang melibatkan pembunuhan beberapa orang awam termasuk wanita dan kanak-kanak, antara Februari 2007

dan Ogos 2007. Lt Kol Innocent

Zimurinda juga dituduh, dalam aduan yang sama, bertanggungjawab untuk kes rogol sebilangan besar wanita dan gadis.

Mengikut kenyataan pada 21 Mei 2010

oleh

Wakil

Khas kepada

Setiausaha Agung bagi Kanak-Kanak dan Konflik Bersenjata, Innocent

Zimurinda telah terlibat dalam pembunuhan askar kanak-kanak

57

JUSTIFIKASI menggunakan pangkat

FARDC dan pakaian seragam FARDC yang baru dikeluarkan.

Dia masih setia kepada

Bosco

Ntaganda.

Pada

Disember 2010, aktiviti pengambilan rekrut telah dijalankan oleh elemen di bawah perintah

Zimurinda yang dimaklumkan dalam laporan sumber terbuka secara sewenang-wenangnya, termasuk semasa operasi Kimia II.

Mengikut kenyataan yang sama, dia melarang kemasukan Misi PBB ke dalam

(MONUC)

untuk memeriksa umur askar kanak-kanak.

Mengikut

Kumpulan

Pakar

Jawatankuasa Sekatan UNSC DRC,

Lt Kol Zimurinda bertanggungjawab memimpin secara langsung bagi perekrutan kanak-kanak dan mengekalkan kanak-kanak sebagai askar di bawah perintahnya.

58

Alamat sekarang:

Rubavu,

Mudende,

Rwanda

Bde Comd M23,

Pangkat: Kolonel

Memasuki

Republik

Rwanda pada 16 Mac 2013, di

Gasizi / Rubavu

BUTEMBO

AIRLINES (BAL)

Butembo, DRC

Syarikat penerbangan milik persendirian, yang beroperasi dari Butembo

Sejak Disember 2008, BAL tidak lagi mempunyai lesen untuk

Kisoni Kambale (meninggal dunia pada 5 Julai 2007 dan seterusnya dikeluarkan daripada senarai pada 24

April 2008)

menggunakan syarikat penerbangannya untuk mengangkut emas, bekalan dan senjata bagi FNI antara Mongbwalu dan

Butembo.

Ini merupakan

‘pemberian bantuan’

kepada kumpulan bersenjata haram yang melanggar embargo senjata dalam

59

JUSTIFIKASI mengendalikan pesawat di DRC ketetapan 1493 (2003) dan 1596

CONGOMET

TRADING HOUSE

Butembo,

Kivu Utara

Tidak lagi wujud sebagai gedung perdagangan emas di

Butembo,

Kivu

Utara.

Congomet

Trading

House

(dulu disenaraikan sebagai

Congocom)

telah dimiliki oleh Kisoni Kambale

(meninggal dunia pada 5 Julai 2007

dan seterusnya dinyahsenaraikan pada 24 April 2008). Kambale memperoleh hampir kesemua pengeluaran emas di daerah

Mongbwalu, yang dikawal oleh FNI.

FNI memperoleh sebahagian besar pendapatannya daripada cukai yang dikenakan ke atas pengeluaran tersebut.

Hal ini merupakan

‘pemberian bantuan’

kepada kumpulan bersenjata haram yang melanggar embargo senjata dalam ketetapan 1493 (2003) dan 1596

COMPAGNIE

AERIENNE DES

GRANDS LACS

(CAGL)

CAGL

Avenue

Président

Mobutu

Setakat

Disember 2008,

GLBC tidak lagi memiliki

CAGL dan GLBC merupakan syarikat yang dimiliki oleh Douglas MPAMO, seorang individu yang tertakluk kepada sekatan di bawah ketetapan

60

GREAT LAKES

BUSINESS

COMPANY (GLBC)

Goma,

(CAGL juga mempunyai pejabat di

Gisenyi, Rwanda)

GLBC, PO

Box 315,

Goma, DRC (GLBC juga mempunyai pejabat di

Gisenyi,

Rwanda)

pesawat yang beroperasi, walaupun beberapa pesawat masih terbang pada 2008 di sebalik sekatan oleh

PBB.

1596 (2005). CAGL dan GLBC digunakan untuk mengangkut senjata dan peluru yang melanggar embargo senjata dalam ketetapan 1493 (2003) dan 1596 (2005).

FORCES

DEMOCRATIQUES

DE LIBERATION DU

RWANDA (FDLR)

Force

Combattante

Abacunguzi

Combatant

Force for the

Liberation of Rwanda

Alamat:

Fdlr@fmx.de;

fldrrse@yahoo.fr;

fdlr@gmx.net

Lokasi:

Kivu

Utara dan Kivu

Selatan, DRC

FDLR ialah salah satu kumpulan bersenjata asing yang terbesar beroperasi di wilayah

Kumpulan ini ditubuhkan dalam tahun 2000, dan telah melakukan pelanggaran serius undang-undang antarabangsa yang melibatkan wanita dan kanak-kanak sebagai sasaran dalam konflik bersenjata, termasuklah pembunuhan dan pencacatan, keganasan seksual, dan pemindahan paksa.

61

Mengikut laporan

Amnesty

International 2010,

FDLR bertanggungjawab bagi pembunuhan sembilan puluh enam orang awam di Busurungi, wilayah

Walikale. Beberapa mangsa telah dibakar hidup-hidup dalam rumah mereka.

Mengikut sumber yang sama, pada

Jun 2010, pusat perubatan NGO melaporkan hampir enam puluh kes sebulan budak-budak perempuan dan wanita yang telah dirogol di wilayah selatan Lubero, Kivu Utara oleh kumpulan bersenjata termasuklah FDLR.

Mengikut laporan

Pemerhati

Hak-Hak Kemanusiaan (HRW) pada 20

Disember 2010, terdapat keterangan berdokumen yang FDLR secara aktif melakukan perekrutan kanak-kanak. HRW mengenal pasti sekurang-kurangnya 83 kanak-kanak rakyat

Congo di bawah umur

62

18 tahun, beberapa orang semuda 14 tahun, yang direkrut secara paksa oleh FDLR.

Pada Januari 2012, HRW melaporkan bahawa askar tempur

FDLR menyerang begitu banyak kampung di wilayah Masisi, membunuh enam orang awam, merogol dua wanita, dan menculik sekurang-kurangnya 48 orang. Mengikut laporan HRW pada Jun 2012, pada Mei 2012

pejuang-pejuang FDLR menyerang orang awam di Kamananga dan

Lumenje, di wilayah Kivu Selatan, dan juga di Chambucha, wilayah

Walikale, dan kampung di kawasan

Ufumandu di wilayah

Masisi,

Wilayah Kivu Utara. Dalam serangan ini, pejuang-pejuang FDLR dengan parang dan pisau menarah berdozen orang awam, termasuklah sebilangan besar kanak-kanak.

63

Mengikut Laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada Jun 2012, FDLR menyerang beberapa kampung di Kivu Selatan dari 31 Disember 2011 hingga 4

Januari 2012.

Penyiasatan

Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu

(PBB)

mengesahkan bahawa sekurang-kurangnya 33

orang, termasuk 9

kanak-kanak dan 6 wanita, telah dibunuh, sama ada dibakar hidup-hidup, dipancung atau ditembak semasa serangan itu.

Selanjutnya, seorang wanita dan seorang budak perempuan telah dirogol. Laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada Jun 2012 juga menyatakan bahawa penyiasatan

PBB mengesahkan bahawa pembunuhan beramai-ramai oleh FDLR sekurang-kurangnya 14

orang awam, termasuklah 5 wanita dan 5 kanak-kanak di Kivu Selatan pada bulan

Mei 2012.

Mengikut laporan

Kumpulan Pakar pada November 2012,

PBB mendokumenkan sekurang-kurangnya 106 kejadian

64

JUSTIFIKASI keganasan seksual yang dilakukan oleh FDLR antara Disember 2011

dan

September 2012.

Laporan

Kumpulan Pakar pada November 2012 mengambil maklum bahawa, mengikut penyiasatan PBB, FDLR merogol tujuh wanita pada malam 10 Mac 2012, termasuklah seorang yang belum dewasa, di Kalinganya, wilayah Kabare. FDLR menyerang kampung itu semula pada 10 April 2012 dan merogol tiga wanita bagi kali kedua. Laporan Kumpulan Pakar pada

November 2012

juga melaporkan 11 pembunuhan oleh

FDLR di Bushibwambombo, Kalehe pada 6 April 2012, dan penglibatan

FDLR dalam 19

pembunuhan seterusnya di wilayah

Masisi, termasuklah lima orang belum dewasa dan enam wanita, pada bulan Mei.

Mouvement Du 23 Mars (M23) ialah kumpulan bersenjata yang beroperasi di

DRC yang telah

65

JUSTIFIKASI menerima senjata dan material berkaitan, termasuklah nasihat, latihan, dan bantuan berkaitan dengan aktiviti ketenteraan.

Beberapa testimoni saksi menyatakan bahawa M23 menerima bekalan ketenteraan am daripada

Angkatan Tentera Rwanda (RDF)

dalam bentuk senjata dan peluru sebagai tambahan kepada sokongan material bagi operasi tempur.

telah terlibat dan bertanggungjawab kerana melakukan pelanggaran serius undang-undang antarabangsa yang melibatkan wanita dan kanak-kanak sebagai sasaran dalam situasi konflik bersenjata di

DRC termasuklah pembunuhan dan pencacatan, keganasan seksual, penculikan dan pemindahan paksa.

Mengikut banyak laporan, penyiasatan dan testimoni daripada saksi, M23 bertanggungjawab kerana

66

JUSTIFIKASI melakukan pembunuhan beramai-beramai ke atas orang awam, dan juga merogol wanita dan kanak-kanak di pelbagai kawasan seluruh

Beberapa laporan membayangkan bahawa pejuang-pejuang telah melakukan 46 rogol terhadap wanita dan budak-budak perempuan, yang termuda berumur 8

tahun.

Tambahan kepada laporan keganasan seks, telah menjalankan kempen berleluasa bagi merekrut secara paksa kanak-kanak ke dalam peringkat kumpulan.

Dianggarkan bahawa M23 telah menjalankan perekrutan paksa ke atas 146 lelaki muda dan kanak-kanak lelaki di wilayah Rutshuru sahaja di timur DRC sejak Julai 2012.

Beberapa mangsa adalah semuda 15 tahun.

Kekejaman yang dilakukan oleh M23

terhadap penduduk awam

DRC, begitu juga kempen perekrutan

67

JUSTIFIKASI paksaan M23, dan menjadi penerima senjata dan bantuan ketenteraan telah secara dramatik menyumbang kepada ketidakstabilan dan konflik dalam kawasan ini dan dalam beberapa hal, telah melanggar undang-undang antarabangsa.

MACHANGA LTD

Kampala,

Uganda

Syarikat mengeksport emas (Pengarah:

En.

Rajendra

Kumar

Vaya and

En.

Hirendra

M. Vaya.)

Pada tahun 2010, aset yang dimiliki oleh

Machanga, yang disimpan dalam akaun Emirates

Gold, telah dibekukan oleh

Bank of

Nova

MACHANGA telah membeli emas melalui hubungan perdagangan biasa dengan peniaga di DRC yang mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan ketenteraan.

Ini merupakan

‘pemberian bantuan’

kepada kumpulan bersenjata haram yang melanggar embargo senjata dalam ketetapan 1493 (2003) dan 1596

68

Scotia

Mocatta

(UK).

Bekas pemilik

Machanga,

Rajendra Kumar, dan adiknya

Vipul

Kumar, masih terlibat dalam pembelian emas dari timur

TOUS POUR LA

PAIX ET LE

DEVELOPPEMENT

(NGO)

TPD

Goma,

Kivu Utara

Goma, dengan jawatankuasa wilayah di Kivu

Selatan,

Kasai

Occidental, Kasai

Oriental dan

Maniema.

Digantung secara rasmi daripada semua aktiviti sejak tahun 2008.

Terlibat dalam pelanggaran embargo senjata, dengan memberikan bantuan kepada RCD-G, khususnya dengan memberikan trak untuk mengangkut senjata dan tentera, dan juga dengan mengangkut senjata bagi edaran kepada sebahagian penduduk di Masisi dan Rutshuru,

Kivu Utara, pada awal 2005.

69

Secara praktiknya, setakat Jun 2011

pejabat

TPD dibuka dan terlibat dalam kes-kes yang berkaitan dengan pulangan

IDP, inisiatif pendamaian komuniti, penyelesaian konflik tanah, dsb.

Presiden

TPD ialah

Eugene

Serufuli dan Naib

Presiden ialah

Saverina

Karomba.

Anggota penting termasuklah timbalan wilayah

70

Kivu

Utara,

Robert Seningga dan

Bertin

Kirivita.

UGANDA

COMMERCIAL

IMPEX (UCI) LTD

Kajoka Street

Kisemente

Kampala,

Uganda

Tel.: +256 41 533 578/9;

Alamat alternatif:

P.O. Box 22709

Kampala, Uganda

Syarikat mengeksport emas (Bekas pengarah En. J.V.

LODHIA

–

dikenali sebagai

“Chuni”- dan anak lelakinya

En. Kunal

LODHIA)

Pada

Januari 2011, pihak berkuasa Uganda memberitahu

Jawatankuasa bahawa berikutan pengecualian untuk pemegangan

UCI membeli emas melalui hubungan perdagangan biasa dengan pedagang di DRC yang mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan ketenteraan.

Ini merupakan

‘pemberian bantuan’

kepada kumpulan bersenjata haram yang melanggar embargo senjata dalam ketetapan 1493 (2003) dan 1596 (2005).

71

JUSTIFIKASI kewangannya,

Emirates

Gold telah membayar balik hutang UCI kepada

Crane

Bank di Kampala, yang membawa kepada penutupan akaun terakhirnya.

Bekas pemilik

UCI, J.V. Lodhia dan anak lelakinya Kumal

Lodhia masih terlibat dalam pembelian emas dari timur DRC.

72

Dibuat 26 Februari 2014

[BNM.JUN.1119/15/75; PN(PU2)262/VI]

TAN SRI DATO’ SRI DR. ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ

Gabenor

Diluluskan 6 Mac 2014

[KK/BPKA/K2/(S)/382/9/6; PN(PU2)262/VI]

DATO’ SRI MOHD NAJIB BIN TUN ABDUL RAZAK

Menteri Kewangan

73

CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA ACT 2009

CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA (IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO THE

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO) REGULATIONS 2014

IN exercise of the powers conferred by section 82 of the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 [Act 701], Bank Negara Malaysia, with the approval of the Minister, makes the following regulations:

Citation 1.

These regulations may be cited as the Central Bank of Malaysia

(Implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions relating to the Democratic Republic of Congo) Regulations 2014.

Object 2.

The object of these Regulations is to implement the measures decided by the

United Nations Security Council in pursuance of Article 41 of the Charter of the United

Nations to give effect to the freezing of funds, financial assets and economic resources relating to the Democratic Republic of Congo and other related matters.

Interpretation 3.

In these Regulations—

“designated person” means the individual or entity as provided for in regulation 4;

“financial institution” has the same meaning as given in subsection 2(1) of the Act;

“Resolution” means Resolutions 1596 (2005), 1649 (2005), 1698 (2006), 1768

74

“Security Council” means the United Nations Security Council established under

Article 7 of the Charter of the United Nations;

“Security Council Committee” means the United Nations Security Council

Committee established pursuant to paragraph 8 of Resolution 1533 (2004).

Designated person 4.

For the purposes of these Regulations, the designated person is the individual or entity which has been identified by the United Nations Security Council or the Security

Council Committee as specified in the Schedule.

Freezing of funds, financial assets and economic resources of designated person 5.

(1)

A financial institution shall—

(a)

freeze any funds, financial assets or economic resources owned or controlled, whether directly or indirectly, by—

(i)

a designated person; or

(ii)

an entity owned or controlled, whether directly or indirectly, by any person acting on behalf of any of the designated person or at their direction; and

(b)

ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by any person to or for the benefit of the person under paragraph (1)(a).

(2)

The freezing of funds, financial assets and economic resources as referred to in subregulation (1) shall not be applicable to the freezing of funds, financial assets and economic resources which have been determined by the Bank, through written notice, to be necessary—

75

(a)

for the payment of basic expenses, including any payment for foodstuff, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums and public utility charges;

(b)

for the payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services;

(c)

for the payment of fees or service charges in accordance with written laws;

(d)

for the payment for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds, financial assets or economic resources;

(e)

for the payment of any extraordinary expenses approved by the

Security Council Committee; or

(f)

in the subject of any judicial or administrative process, or arbitration lien or judgment, in which case the funds, financial assets or economic resources may be used to satisfy such lien or judgment, provided that the lien or judgment—

(i)

was entered before 18 April 2005; and

(ii)

is not for the benefit of a designated person.

Prohibition on the provision of financial assistance, advice or training 6.

No financial institution shall provide or make available any financial assistance, advice or training to any non-governmental entity or individual operating in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

76

Duty to provide information 7.

A financial institution which—

(a)

has frozen any funds, financial assets or economic resources under subregulation 5(1); or

(b)

has information about any transaction or proposed transaction or any act or thing prohibited by these Regulations, shall immediately inform the Bank of that fact or information, and provide such further information relating to the funds, financial assets, economic resources, transaction, proposed transaction, act or thing as the Bank may require.

Offence 8.

Any financial institution, individual or entity who fails to comply with these

Regulations commits an offence under subsection 82(4) of the Act.

Revocation 9.

The Central Bank of Malaysia (Implementation of the United Nations Security

Council Resolutions 1596 (2005), 1649 (2005), 1698 (2006), 1768 (2007), 1771

77

[Regulation 4]

List of designated persons1 2

BADEGE

Eric

1971

According to the November 15,

2012, final report by the Group of

Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo "...Lt. Col. Eric Badege had become the focal point of M23

in Masisi and commanded joint operations..." with another military leader. Additionally, "a series of coordinated attacks carried out in

August

[2012]

by

Col.

Badege...enabled M23 to destabilize a considerable part of

Masisi territory." "According to former combatants, Lt Col. Badege... acted under the orders of Col. Makenga when he orchestrated the attacks.

1 As adopted from the List of Individuals and Entities Subject to the Measures Imposed by Paragraphs 13 and 15 of Security Council Resolution 1596 (2005), As Renewed By

Paragraph 3 of Resolution 2078 (2012), last updated by the UN on 12 April 2013 . The assets freeze and the travel ban were originally imposed by paragraphs 13 and 15 of

Security Council resolution 1596 (2005), subsequently renewed and/or amended by resolutions 1649 (2005), 1698 (2006), 1768 (2007), 1771 (2007), 1799 (2008), 1807

78

As a military commander of M23,

Badege is responsible for serious violations involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict. According to the

November 2012 Group of Experts report, there have been several major incidents of indiscriminate killings of civilians, including women and children. Since May 2012 Raia Mutomboki, under the command of M23, have killed hundreds of civilians in a series of coordinated attacks.

In

August,

Badege carried out joint attacks which involved the indiscriminate killing of civilians. The November

Group of Experts report states that these attacks were jointly orchestrated by Badege and Colonel

Makoma

Semivumbi

Jacques.

According to the Group of Experts

Report, local leaders from Masisi stated that Badege commanded these Raia Mutomboki attacks on the ground.

79

According to a July 28, 2012, Radio

Okapi article, "the administrator of

Masisi announced this Saturday, July 28th, the defection of the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 410th Regiment FARDC base

Nyabiondo, about thirty kilometers northwest of Goma in North Kivu.

According to him, Colonel Eric

Badege and more than a hundred soldiers headed Friday to Rubaya,

80 kilometers north of Nabiondo.

This information has been confirmed by several sources."

According to a November 23, 2012

BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the March 23,

2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP's integration into the FARDC.

80

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the November 2012

IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on July 24

and July 25, 2012; M23 attacked the

FARDC in Rumangabo on July 26,

2012; M23 drove FARDC from

Kibumba on November 17, 2012;

and M23 took control of Goma on

November 20, 2012.

According to the November 2012

Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23

leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.

According to a September 11, 2012

report by Human Rights Watch

(HRW), a Rwandan man, 18, who escaped after being forcibly recruited in Rwanda told HRW that

81

JUSTIFICATION he witnessed the execution of a 16-year old boy from his M23 unit who had tried to flee in June. The boy was captured and beaten to death by M23 fighters in front of the other recruits. An M23 commander who ordered his killing then allegedly told the other recruits

"[h]e wanted to abandon us," as an explanation for why the boy had been killed. The report also states that witnesses claimed that at least 33 new recruits and other M23

fighters were summarily executed when they attempted to flee. Some were tied up and shot in front of other recruits as an example of the punishment they could receive. One young recruit told HRW, "[w]hen we were with M23, they said [we had a choice] and could stay with them or we could die. Lots of people tried to escape. Some were found and then that was immediately their death.".

82

BWAMBALE

Frank

Kakolele

Frank

Kakorere

Frank

Kakorere

Bwambale

Congolese

General, without posting as of June 2011.

Left the CNDP in

January 2008. As of

June 2011, resides in Kinshasa.

Since 2010,

Kakolele has been involved in activities apparently on behalf of the

DRC government’s

Programme de

Stabilisation et

Reconstruction des

Zones Sortant des

Conflits Armés

(STAREC), including participation in a

STAREC mission to

Former RCD-ML leader, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control over the activities of RCD-ML forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20

of Res. 1493 (2003), responsible for trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo.

83

Goma and Beni in

March 2011.

IYAMUREMYE

Gaston

Rumuli

Byiringiro

Victor Rumuli

Victor Rumuri

Michel

Byiringiro 1948

Musanze

District

(Northern

Province),

Rwanda

Ruhengeri,

Rwanda

Rwandan

FDLR President and 2nd Vice-President of FDLR-FOCA.

As of June 2011, based at Kalonge, North

Kivu Province.

Brigadier General

According to multiple sources, including the UNSC DRC Sanctions

Committee’s

Group of

Experts,

Gaston Iyamuremye is the second vice president of the FDLR and is considered a core member of the

FDLR military and political leadership. Gaston Iyamuremye also ran the office of

Ignace

Murwanashyaka (President of the

FDLR) in Kibua, DRC until December 2009.

Innocent

Colonel

Innocent

“India Queen”

Bunagana,

Ruthshuru territory, DRC

Innocent Kaina is currently a Sector commander in the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23). He is responsible for and has committed serious violations of international law and human rights. In July 2007 the

Garrison

Military

Tribunal of

Kinshasa found Kaina responsible for crime against humanity committed in the District of Ituri, between May 2003 and December

84

General

Ntaganda, he initiated the ex-CNDP mutiny in Rutshuru territory in

April 2012. He ensured the security of the mutineers out of Masisi.

Between May and August 2012, he oversaw the recruitment and training of over 150 children for the

M23 rebellion, shooting the boys who had tried to escape. In July 2012 he travelled to Berunda and

Degho for mobilization and recruitment activities for the M23.

KAKWAVU

BUKANDE

Jérôme

Jérôme

Kakwavu

Commandant

Jérôme

Goma

Congolese

Given the rank of

General in the

FARDC in

December 2004.

Former President of UCD/FAPC.

FAPC’s control of illegal border posts between Uganda and the DRC

- a key transit route for arms flows.

As President of the FAPC, he exercised influence over policies

85

As of June 2011, detained in Makala

Prison in Kinshasa.

On 25 March 2011, the High Military

Court in Kinshasa opened a trial against

Kakwavu for war crimes.

and command and control over the activities of FAPC forces, which were involved in arms trafficking and, consequently, in violations of the arms embargo.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri in 2002.

One of five senior FARDC officers who had been accused of serious crimes involving sexual violence and whose cases the Security Council had brought to the Government’s attention during its visit in 2009.

KATANGA

Germain

Congolese

Appointed General in the FARDC in

December 2004.

Handed over by the

Government of the

DRC to the

FRPI chief. Involved in weapons transfers, in violation of the arms embargo.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri from 2002 to 2003.

86

International

Criminal Court on 18 October

LUBANGA

Thomas

Ituri

Congolese

Arrested in

Kinshasa in March 2005

for

UPC/L involvement in human rights abuses violations.

Transferred to the

ICC by the DRC on 17 March 2006.

His trial began in

January 2009 and is due to close in 2011.

Convicted by the

ICC in March 2012

President of the UPC/L, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri from 2002 to 2003.

87

JUSTIFICATION and sentenced to 14 years in prison.

Has appealed the court’s ruling.

MAKENGA

Sultani

Colonel

EMMANUEL

25 December 1973/Rutshuru,

Congolese

A military leader of the Mouvement du 23

Mars

(M23)

group operating in the

Democratic

Republic of the

Sultani Makenga is a military leader of the Mouvement du 23 Mars

Democratic Republic of the Congo

(DRC).

As a leader of M23 (also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army),

Sultani Makenga has committed and is responsible for serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction, and forced displacement. He has also been responsible for violations of international law related to M23’s actions in recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the

DRC. Under the command of Sultani

Makenga, M23 has carried out

88

JUSTIFICATION extensive atrocities against the civilian population of the DRC.

According to testimonies and reports, the militants operating under the command of Sultani

Makenga have conducted rapes throughout

Rutshuru territory against women and children, some of whom have been as young as 8 years old, as part of a policy to consolidate control in Rutshuru territory.

Under

Makenga’s command, has conducted extensive forced recruitment campaigns of children in the DRC and in the region, as well as killing, maiming, and injuring scores of children. Many of the forced child recruits have been under the age of

89

Makenga’s actions as the leader of have included serious violations of international law and atrocities against the civilian population of the DRC, and have aggravated the conditions of insecurity, displacement, and conflict in the region.

MANDRO

Khawa

Panga

Kawa Panga

Kawa Panga

Mandro

Kawa Mandro

Yves Andoul

Karim

Mandro Panga

Kahwa

Yves Khawa

Panga Mandro

“Chief Kahwa”

“Kawa”

20 August 1973, Bunia

Congolese

Placed in prison in

Bunia in April 2005

for sabotage of the

Ituri peace process.

Arrested by

Congolese authorities in

October 2005, acquitted by the

Court of Appeal in

Kisangani, subsequently transferred to the judicial authorities in

Ex-President of PUSIC, one of the armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children from 2001 to 2002.

90

Kinshasa on new charges of crimes against humanity, war crimes, murder, aggravated assault and battery.

As of June 2011

detained at Makala

Central

Prison,

Kinshasa.

MBARUSHIMANA Callixte

24 July 1963,

Ndusu/Ruhengeri

Northern Province,

Rwanda

Rwandan

Arrested in Paris on 3

October 2010

under ICC warrant for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR troops in the Kivus in 2009

and transferred to The

Executive Secretary of the FDLR and

Vice-President of the FDLR military high command until his arrest.

Political/Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the

Democratic Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, per

Security Council resolution 1857

91

Hague on 25 January 2011.

MPAMO

Iruta

Douglas

Mpano

Douglas Iruta

Mpamo 28 December 1965, Bashali,

Masisi

29 December 1965, Goma,

(formerly

Zaire)

Uvira

Congolese

As of June 2011, resides in Gisenyi,

Rwanda.

No known occupation since two of the planes managed by Great

Lakes

Business

Company

(GLBC)

crashed.

Owner/Manager of the Compagnie

Aérienne des Grands Lacs and of

Great Lakes Business Company, whose aircraft were used to provide assistance to armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20

of

Res.

1493

Also responsible for disguising information on flights and cargo apparently to allow for the violation of the arms embargo.

MUDACUMURA

Sylvestre

Known as:

"Radja"

"Mupenzi

Bernard"

"General Major

Mupenzi"

Rwandan

Military commander of

FDLR-FOCA, also political 1st Vice-President and head of FOCA High

Command, thus combining overall

FDLR commander, exercising influence over policies, and maintaining command and control over the activities of FDLR forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo.

92

“General

Mudacumura”

military and political command functions since the arrests of

FDLR leaders in

Europe.

As of June 2011, based at Kikoma forest, near Bogoyi,

Walikale, North

Kivu.

Mudacumura (or staff) was in telephone communication with

FDLR leader Murwanashyaka in

Germany, including at the time of the Busurungi Massacre May 2009, and military commander Major

Guillaume during Umoja Wetu and

Kimia II operations in 2009.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for 27 cases of recruitment and use of children by troops under his command in North

Kivu from 2002 to 2007.

MUGARAGU

Leodomir

Manzi Leon

Leo Manzi 1954

1953

Kigali, Rwanda

Rushashi

(Northern

Province),

Rwanda

Rwandan

FDLR-FOCA Chief of

Staff, in charge of administration.

As of June 2011, based at the FDLR

HQ at Kikoma forest, Bogoyi,

According to open-source and official reporting,

Leodomir

Mugaragu is the Chief of Staff of the

Forces Combattantes Abucunguzi/

Combatant Force for the Liberation of Rwanda (FOCA), the FDLR’s armed wing. According to official reporting Mugaragu is a senior planner for

FDLR’s military operations in the eastern DRC.

93

Walikale, North

Kivu.

MUKULU

Jamil

Professor

Musharaf;

Steven

Alirabaki;

David

Kyagulanyi;

Musezi

Talengelanimiro;

Mzee Tutu;

Abdullah

Junjuaka;

Alilabaki

Kyagulanyi;

Hussein

Muhammad;

Nicolas Luumu;

1965

Alt. DOB:

January 1, 1964

Ntoke Village,

Ntenjeru

Sub

Country,

Kayunga

District,

Uganda

Title: Head of the

Allied Democratic

Forces (ADF)

Alt. Title:

Commander, Allied

Democratic Forces

Nationality:

Ugandan

According to open-source and official reporting, including the

UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee's

Group of Experts' reports, Mr. Jamil

Mukulu is the military leader of the

Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a foreign armed group operating in the

DRC that impedes the disarmament and voluntary repatriation or resettlement of ADF combatants, as described in paragraph 4 (b) of resolution 1857

The

Sanction

Committee's Group of Experts has reported that Mukulu has provided leadership and material support to the ADF, an armed group operating in the territory of the DRC.

According to multiple sources including the UNSC DRC Sanctions

Committee's

Group of

Experts'

94

Talengelanimiro;

reports, Jamil Mukulu has also continued to exercise influence over the policies, provided financing, and maintained direct command and control over the activities of, ADF forces in the field, including overseeing links with international terrorist networks.

MUJYAMBERE

Leopold

Musenyeri

Achille

Frere

Petrus

Ibrahim 17 March 1962, Kigali,

Rwanda

Est. 1966

Rwandan

As of June 2011,

Commander of the

South

Kivu operational sector now called

‘Amazon’ of FDLR-Based at Nyakaleke

(south-east of

Mwenga,

South

Kivu).

Commander of the Second Division of

FOCA/the

Reserve

Brigades

(an FDLR armed branch). Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the

Democratic

Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security

Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP

4 (b). In evidence collated by the

UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee

Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and sexually abused. Since mid-2007,

FDLR-FOCA, which previously

95

JUSTIFICATION recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857

MURWANASH-YAKA

Dr. Ignace

Ignace 14 May 1963,

Butera (Rwanda)

Ngoma, Butare

(Rwanda)

Rwandan

Arrested by

German authorities on 17 November 2009.

Replaced by Gaston

Iamuremye, alias

‘Rumuli’

as

President of FDLR-Murwanashyaka’s trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR

President of the FDLR, and supreme commander of the FDLR armed forces exercising influence over policies, and maintaining command and control over the activities of

FDLR forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo.

In telephone communication with

FDLR military field commanders

(including during the Busurungi

May 2009 massacre); gave military orders to the high command;

involved in coordinating the transfer of arms and ammunition to

96

JUSTIFICATION troops in

DRC in 2008 and 2009

began on 4 May 2011 in a

German court.

FDLR units and relaying specific instructions for use; managing large sums of money raised through illicit sale of natural resources in areas of

FDLR control.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he held command responsibility as

President and military commander of FDLR for recruitment and use of children by the FDLR in Eastern

Congo.

MUSONI

Straton

IO Musoni 6 April 1961

(possibly 4

June 1961)

Mugambazi,

Kigali, Rwanda

Rwandan

Arrested by

German authorities on 17 November 2009.

Musoni’s trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR troops in DRC in

Through his leadership of the FDLR, a foreign armed group operating in the DRC, Musoni was impeding the disarmament and voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups, in breach of resolution 1649

97

2008

and 2009

began on 4 May 2011 in a German court.

Replaced as 1st

Vice-President of the

FDLR by

Sylvestre

Mudacumura.

MUTEBUTSI

Jules

Jules Mutebusi

Jules Mutebuzi

Colonel

Mutebutsi 1964,

Minembwe

South Kivu

Congolese

Former FARDC

Deputy Military

Regional

Commander of 10th

Military Region in

April 2004, dismissed for indiscipline.

In December 2007, he was arrested by

Rwandan authorities when he tried to cross

Joined forces with other renegade elements of former RCD-G to take town of Bukavu in May 2004 by force. Implicated in the receipt of weapons outside of

FARDC structures and provision of supplies to armed groups and militia mentioned in paragraph 20 of Res.

1493 (2003), in violation of the arms embargo.

98

JUSTIFICATION the border into the

DRC. He has lived since in semi-liberty in

Kigali

(not authorized to leave the country).

NGARUYE WA

MYAMURO

Baudoin

Colonel

Baudoin

April 1,

1978, Bibwe,

1978,

Lusamambo

Lubero territory,

Congolese

Title: military leader of the

Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23)

FARDC ID : 1-78-

09-44621-80

Current address:

Rubavu/Mudende,

Rwanda;

Rank: Bde Gen;

Entered the

Republic of Rwanda

In April 2012, Ngaruye commanded the ex-CNDP mutiny, known as the

Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23), under the orders of

General

Ntaganda. He is currently the third highest ranking military commander within the M23. The

Group of experts on the DRC previously recommended him for designation in 2008 and 2009. He is responsible for and has committed severe violations of human rights and international law. He recruited and trained hundreds of children between 2008 and 2009 and then towards the end of 2010 for the

M23. He has committed killing, maiming and abductions, often

99

JUSTIFICATION on 16/03/2013 at

Gasizi/Rubavu targeting women. He is responsible for executions and torture of deserters within the M23. In 2009

within the FARDC, he gave the orders to kill all men in Shalio village of Walikale. He also provided weapons, munitions and salaries in

Masisi and Walikale under the direct orders from Ntaganda. In 2010 he orchestrated the forced displacement and expropriation of populations in the area of Lukopfu.

He has also been extensively involved in criminal networks within the FARDC deriving profits from the mineral trade which led to tensions and violence with Colonel

Innocent Zimurinda in 2011.

NGUDJOLO

Mathieu,

Chui

Cui Ngudjolo

Arrested by

MONUC in Bunia in

October 2003.

Surrendered by the

Government of the

DRC to the

FNI Chief of Staff and former Chief of

Staff of the

FRPI, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control the activities of FRPI forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res.

100

International

Criminal Court on 7 February 2008.

Acquitted of all charges by the ICC in December 2012.

After being released from custody, was detained by Dutch authorities, and has filed a claim for asylum in the

Netherlands.

1493

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children under 15 years old in

Ituri in 2006.

NJABU

Floribert

Ngabu

Floribert

Njabu

Floribert

Ndjabu

Floribert

Ngabu

Ndjabu

Under house arrest in Kinshasa since

March 2005 for FNI involvement in human rights abuses.

Transferred to The

Hague on 27 March 2011 to testify in the

ICC

Germain

President of FNI, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in the trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo.

101

Katanga and

Mathieu

Ngudjolo trials.

Applied for asylum in the Netherlands in May 2011. In

October 2012, a

Dutch court denied his asylum claim;

the case is currently on appeal.

NKUNDA

Laurent

Nkunda

Mihigo

Laurent

Laurent

Nkunda

Bwatare

Laurent

Nkundabatware

6 February 1967

North

Kivu/Rutshuru

2 February 1967

Congolese

Former RCD-G

General.

Founder,

National

Congress for the

People’s

Defense,

2006;

Senior

Officer,

Rally for Congolese

Democracy-Goma

(RCD-G), 1998-2006;

Joined forces with other renegade elements of former RCD-G to take

Bukavu in May 04 by force. In receipt of weapons outside of

FARDC in violation of the arms embargo.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for 264 cases of recruitment and use of children by troops under his command in North

Kivu from 2002 to 2009.

102

Laurent

Nkunda

Mahoro

Batware

Laurent

Nkunda

Batware

“Chairman”

“General

Nkunda”

“Papa Six”

Officer Rwandan

Patriotic

Front

(RPF), 1992-1998.

Laurent

Nkunda was arrested by

Rwandan authorities in

Rwanda in January 2009 and replaced as the commander of the CNDP. Since then, he has been under house arrest in

Kigali, Rwanda.

DRC Government’s request to extradite

Nkunda for crimes committed in eastern

DRC has been refused by

Rwanda.

103

In 2010, Nkunda’s appeal for illegal detention was rejected by

Rwandan court in

Gisenyi, ruling that the matter should be examined by a military court.

Nkunda’s lawyers initiated a procedure with the

Rwandan Military

Court.

Retains some influence over certain elements of the CNDP.

NSANZUBUKIRE

Felicien

Fred Irakeza 1967

Murama,

Kinyinya,

Rubungo,

Kigali,

Rwanda

Rwandan

1st battalion leader of the FDLR-FOCA, based in the Uvira-Sange area of South

Kivu

Felicien Nsanzubukire supervised and coordinated the trafficking of ammunition and weapons between at least November 2008 and April 2009 from the United Republic of

Tanzania, via Lake Tanganyika, to

FDLR units based in the Uvira and

104

A member of the

FDLR since at least 1994 and operating in eastern

DRC since October 1998.

As of June 2011, based in

Magunda,

Mwenga territory,

South Kivu.

Fizi areas of South Kivu.

NTAWUNGUKA

Pacifique

Colonel Omega

Nzeri

Israel

Pacifique

Ntawungula 1 January 1964, Gaseke,

Gisenyi

Province,

Rwanda

Est. 1964

Rwandan

Commander,

Operational Sector

North

Kivu

‘SONOKI’ of FDLR-As of June 2011, based at Matembe,

North Kivu.

Received military training in Egypt

Commander of the First Division of

FOCA (FDLR armed wing). Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the

Democratic

Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security

Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP

4 (b). In evidence collated by the

UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee

Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and

105

JUSTIFICATION sexually abused. Since mid-2007,

FDLR-FOCA, which previously recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857

NYAKUNI

James

Ugandan

Trade partnership with Jérôme

Kakwavu, particularly smuggling across the DRC/Uganda border, including suspected smuggling of weapons and military material in unchecked trucks. Violation of the arms embargo and provision of assistance to armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20

of Res. 1493 (2003), including financial support that allows them to operate militarily.

106

NZEYIMANA

Stanislas

Deogratias

Bigaruka

Izabayo

Bigaruka

Bigurura

Izabayo Deo

Jules Mateso

Mlamba 1 January 1966,

Mugusa

(Butare), Rwanda

Est. 1967

Alt.

28 August 1966

Rwandan

Deputy commander of the FDLR-FOCA

As of June 2011, based at

Mukoberwa, North

Kivu

Deputy Commander of the FOCA (an

FDLR armed branch).

Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the

Democratic

Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security

Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP

4 (b). In evidence collated by the

UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee

Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and sexually abused. Since mid-2007,

FDLR-FOCA, which previously recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857

107

OZIA MAZIO

Dieudonné

Ozia Mazio

‘Omari’

‘Mr Omari’

6 June 1949,

Ariwara

Congolese

While president of the Fédération des enterprises congolaises (FEC) in

Aru territory,

Dieudonné

Ozia

Mazio is believed to have died in

Ariwara on 23

September 2008

Financial schemes with

Jerome

Kakwavu and FAPC and smuggling across the DRC/Uganda border, allowing supplies and cash to be made available to Kakwavu and his troops.

Violation of the arms embargo, including by providing assistance to armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003).

RUNIGA

Jean-Marie

Lugerero

Jean-Marie

Rugerero

Approximately 1960

September 9,1966,

Bukavu, DRC

Current address:

Rubavu/Mudende;

Rwanda

M23, President

Entered the

Republic of Rwanda on 16 March 2013, at Gasizi/Rubavu

A July 9, 2012 document signed by

M23 leader Sultani Makenga named

Runiga as the coordinator of the political wing of M23. According to the document,

Runiga's appointment was prompted by the need to ensure the visibility of the

M23 cause.

Runiga is named as the 'President'

of the M23 in postings on the group's website. His leadership role is corroborated by the November 2012 Group of Experts report,

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JUSTIFICATION which refers to Runiga as the 'leader of the M23'.

According to a December 13, 2012

Associated Press article, Runiga showed the Associated Press a list of demands that he said will be presented to the

Congolese government.

Included in the demands are the resignation of

Kabila and the dissolution of the national assembly. Runiga indicated that if given the opportunity, M23

could retake Goma. "And at this time we will not retreat," Runiga told the

Associated Press. He also indicated that M23's political branch should resume its control of Goma as a precondition to negotiations.

"I think our members who are in

Kampala represent us. In due time I will be there, too. I am waiting for things to be organized and when

Kabila will be there, I will go, too,"

Runiga said.

109

According to a November 26, 2012

Le Figaro article, Runiga met with

DRC President Kabila on November 24, 2012 to begin discussions.

Separately, in an interview with Le

Figaro, Runiga stated, "M23 is composed primarily of former

FARDC military members who defected to protest the non-respect of the March 23, 2009 accords." He added, "M23's soldiers are deserters from the army who left with their arms in hand.

Recently, we recovered a lot of equipment from a military base in Bunagana. For the moment, this allows us to regain territory each day and to repel all the attacks from the FARDC. Our revolution is Congolese, led by the

Congolese, for the

Congolese people."

According to a November 22, 2012

Reuters article, Runiga stated that

M23 had the capacity to hang on to

Goma after M23's forces were bolstered by mutinying Congolese

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JUSTIFICATION soldiers from the FARDC: "Firstly we have a disciplined army, and also we have the FARDC soldiers who've joined us. They're our brothers, they'll be retrained and recycled then we'll work with them."

According to a November 27, 2012

article published in The Guardian,

Runiga indicated that M23 would refuse to obey a call by regional leaders of the

International

Conference of the Great Lakes to leave Goma in order to pave the way for peace talks. Instead, Runiga stated that M23's withdrawal from

Goma would be the result, not a precondition, of negotiation.

According to the 15 November 2012 Final Report of the Group of

Experts, Runiga led a delegation that travelled to Kampala, Uganda on

July 29, 2012 and finalized the M23

movement's 21-point agenda ahead of anticipated negotiations at the

111

International Conference on the

Great Lakes Region.

According to a November 23, 2012

BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the March 23,

2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP's integration into the FARDC.

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the 25 November 2012

IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on July 24

and July 25, 2012; M23 attacked the

FARDC in Rumangabo on July 26,

2012; M23 drove FARDC from

Kibumba on November 17, 2012;

and M23 took control of Goma on

November 20, 2012.

112

According to the November 2012

Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23

leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.

According to a September 11, 2012

report by Human Rights Watch

(HRW), a Rwandan man, 18, who escaped after being forcibly recruited in Rwanda told HRW that he witnessed the execution of a 16-year old boy from his M23 unit who had tried to flee in June. The boy was captured and beaten to death by M23 fighters in front of the other recruits. An M23 commander who ordered his killing then allegedly told the other recruits

"[h]e wanted to abandon us," as an explanation for why the boy had been killed. The report also states that witnesses claimed that at least 33 new recruits and other M23

fighters were summarily executed

113

JUSTIFICATION when they attempted to flee. Some were tied up and shot in front of other recruits as an example of the punishment they could receive. One young recruits told HRW, "[w]hen we were with M23, they said [we had a choice] and could stay with them or we could die. Lots of people tried to escape. Some were found and then that was immediately their death.

SHEKA

Ntabo

Ntaberi

4 April 1976

Walikale Territory,

Congolese

Commander-in-Chief,

Nduma

Defence of Congo,

Mayi Mayi Sheka group

Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka, Commander-in-Chief of the political branch of the

Mayi Mayi Sheka, is the political leader of a Congolese armed group that impedes the disarmament, demobilization, or reintegration of combatants. The Mayi Mayi Sheka is a Congo-based militia group that operates from bases in Walikale territory in eastern Democratic

Republic of the Congo.

The Mayi Mayi Sheka group has carried out attacks on mines in eastern Democratic Republic of the

114

Congo, including taking over the

Bisiye mines and extorting from locals.

Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka has also committed serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children. Ntabo Ntaberi

Sheka planned and ordered a series of attacks in Walikale territory from 30 July to 2 August, 2010, to punish local populations accused of collaborating with

Congolese

Government forces. In the course of the attacks, children were raped and were abducted, subjected to forced labour and subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment.

The Mayi Mayi Sheka militia group also forcibly recruits boys and holds children in their ranks from recruitment drives.

TAGANDA

Bosco

Bosco

Ntaganda

1973-74

Bigogwe, Rwanda

Congolese

Born in Rwanda, he moved to

UPC/L military commander, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control over the activities of UPC/L,

115

Bosco

Ntagenda

General

Taganda

‘Lydia’

when he was part of

APR.

‘Terminator’

Call sign

‘Tango Romeo’

or ‘Tango’

‘Major’

Nyamitaba, Masisi territory,

North

Kivu, when he was a child.

As of June 2011, he resides in

Goma and owns large farms in Ngungu area,

Masisi territory,

North

Kivu.

Nominated FARDC

Brigadier-General by

Presidential

Decree on 11

December 2004, following

Ituri peace agreements.

Formerly Chief of

Staff in

CNDP and became

CNDP military commander since the arrest of one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20

of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in the trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo.

He was appointed General in the FARDC in

December 2004 but refused to accept the promotion, therefore remaining outside of the FARDC.

According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri in 2002 and 2003, and 155 cases of direct and/or command responsibility for recruitment and use of children in

North Kivu from 2002 to 2009.

As CNDP Chief of Staff, had direct and command responsibility for the massacre at Kiwanja (November 2008).

116

Laurent Nkunda in

January 2009.

Since January 2009, de facto

Deputy

Commander of

Consecutive anti-FDLR operations

‘Umoja

Wetu’,

‘Kimia II’, and

‘Amani

Leo’

in

North and South

Kivu.

Entered Rwanda in

March 2013, and voluntarily surrender to ICC officials in Kigali on

March 22.

Transferred to the

ICC in The Hague where he was read the charges against him in an initial appearance hearing on March 26.

117

ZIMURINDA

Innocent

Zimulinda

September 1,

1972.

Or 1975

Ngungu,

Masisi Territory,

North Kivu

Province,

March 16,

1972,

Masisi, DRC

Congolese

Colonel in the

Integrated in the

FARDC in 2009 as a

Lieutenant Colonel, brigade commander in

Kimia

II

Ops, based in

Ngungu area.

In

July 2009,

Zimurinda was promoted to full

Colonel and became

Sector commander in

Ngungu and subsequently in

Kitchanga in FARDC

Kimia II and Amani

Leo Operations.

According to multiple sources, Lt Col

Innocent Zimurinda, in his capacity as one of the commanders of the

FARDC 231st Brigade, gave orders that resulted in the massacre of over 100

Rwandan refugees, mostly women and children, during an

April 2009 military operation in the

Shalio area.

The

Sanctions

Committee’s

Group of

Experts reported that

Lt

Col

Innocent

Zimurinda was witnessed first hand refusing to release three children from his command in Kalehe, on

August 29, 2009.

According to multiple sources, Lt Col

Innocent Zimurinda, prior to the

CNDP’s integration into FARDC, participated in a November 2008

CNDP operation that resulted in the massacre of 89 civilians, including women and children, in the region of Kiwanja.

118

Whereas Zimurinda did not appear in the 31 December 2010

Presidential ordinance nominating high

FARDC officers,

Zimurinda de facto maintained his command position of

22nd sector in Kitchanga and wears the newly issued

FARDC rank and uniform.

He remains loyal to

Bosco Ntaganda.

In December 2010, recruitment activities carried out by elements under the command of

In March 2010, 51 human rights groups working in eastern DRC alleged that

Zimurinda was responsible for multiple human rights abuses involving the murder of numerous civilians, including women and children, between

February 2007 and August 2007. Lt

Col Innocent Zimurinda has also been accused in the same complaint to be responsible for the rape of a large number of women and girls.

According to a May 21, 2010, statement by the

Special

Representative of the Secretary

General for Children and Armed

Conflict, Innocent Zimurinda has been involved in the arbitrary execution of child soldiers, including during operation Kimia II. According to the same statement, he denied access by the UN Mission in the DRC

(MONUC) to screen troops for minors. According to the UNSC DRC

Sanctions Committee’s Group of

Experts, Lt Col Zimurinda holds

119

Zimurinda were denounced in open source reports

Current address:

Rubavu, Mudende

M23, Bde Comd,

Rank: Colonel

Entered the

Republic of Rwanda on 16 March 2013, at Gasizi/Rubavu direct and command responsibility for child recruitment and for maintaining children within troops under his command.

BUTEMBO

AIRLINES

(BAL)

Butembo, DRC

Privately-owned airline, operates out of Butembo

Since

December 2008,

BAL no longer holds an aircraft operating licence in the DRC.

Kisoni Kambale (deceased on 5 July 2007 and subsequently de-listed on 24 April 2008) used his airline to transport FNI gold, rations and weapons between Mongbwalu and

Butembo.

This constitutes

‘provision of assistance’ to illegal armed groups in breach of the arms embargo of resolutions 1493 (2003)

and 1596 (2005).

120

CONGOMET

TRADING

HOUSE

Butembo,

North Kivu

No longer exists as a gold trading house in Butembo,

North Kivu.

Congomet Trading House (formerly listed as Congocom) was owned by

Kisoni Kambale (deceased on 5 July 2007 and subsequently de-listed on 24 April 2008). Kambale acquired almost all the gold production in the

Mongbwalu district, which was controlled by the FNI. The FNI derived substantial income from taxes imposed on this production.

This constitutes

‘provision of assistance’ to illegal armed groups in breach of the arms embargo of resolutions 1493 (2003) and 1596

COMPAGNIE

AERIENNE DES

GRANDS LACS

(CAGL)

GREAT LAKES

BUSINESS

COMPANY

(GLBC)

CAGL Avenue

Président Mobutu

Goma, DRC (CAGL also has an office in Gisenyi, Rwanda)

GLBC, P.O.

Box 315,

Goma, DRC

(GLBC also has an

As of

December 2008,

GLBC no longer had any operational aircraft, although several aircraft continued flying in 2008

despite

UN sanctions.

CAGL and GLBC are companies owned by Douglas MPAMO, an individual already subject to sanctions under resolution 1596

121

JUSTIFICATION office in Gisenyi,

Rwanda)

FORCES

DEMOCRATIQ

UES

DE

LIBERATION

DU

RWANDA

(FDLR)

Force

Combattante

Abacunguzi

Combatant

Force for the

Liberation of

Rwanda

Address:

Fdlr@fmx.de;

fldrrse@yahoo.fr;

fdlr@gmx.net

Location: North and

South Kivu, DRC

The FDLR is one of the largest foreign armed groups operating in the territory of the DRC. The group was formed in 2000, and has committed serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, and forced displacement.

According to a 2010 report from

Amnesty International, the FDLR were responsible for the killings of ninety-six civilians in Busurungi,

Walikale territory. Some of the victims were burned alive in their homes.

According to the same source, in

June 2010, an NGO medical centre reported around sixty cases a month of girls and women who had been raped in the southern Lubero

122

JUSTIFICATION territory,

North-Kivu by armed groups including the FDLR.

According to a December 20, 2010

report from Human Rights Watch

(HRW), there has been documented evidence of the FDLR actively conducting child recruitment. HRW identified at least 83 Congolese children under the age of 18, some as young as 14, who had been forcibly recruited by the FDLR.

In January 2012, HRW reported that FDLR combatants attacked numerous villages in the Masisi territory, killing six civilians, raping two women, and abducting at least 48 people. According to a June 2012

report from HRW, in May 2012

FDLR fighters attacked civilians in

Kamananga and Lumenje, in South

Kivu province, as well as in

Chambucha, Walikale territory, and villages in the Ufumandu area of

Masisi territory,

North

Kivu province. In these attacks, FDLR

123

JUSTIFICATION fighters with machetes and knives hacked to death dozens of civilians, including numerous children.

According to the June 2012 Group of

Experts Report, the FDLR attacked several villages in South Kivu from

December 31, 2011 to January 4,

2012.

A

United

Nations investigation confirmed that at least 33 persons, including 9 children and 6 women, had been killed, either burned alive, decapitated or shot during the attack. In addition, one woman and one girl had been raped.

The June 2012 Group of Experts

Report also states that a United

Nations investigation confirmed that the FDLR massacred at least 14

civilians, including 5 women and 5 children in South Kivu in May

2012. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, the

UN documented at least 106

incidents of sexual violence committed by the FDLR between

December 2011 and September

2012. The November 2012 Group of

124

Experts report notes that, according to a UN investigation, the FDLR raped seven women in the night of 10 March 2012, including a minor, in Kalinganya, Kabare territory. The

FDLR attacked the village again on 10 April 2012 and raped three of the women for the second time. The

November 2012 Group of Experts report also reports 11 killings by the

FDLR in Bushibwambombo, Kalehe on 6

April 2012, and

FDLR involvement in 19 further killings in

Masisi territory, including five minors and six women, in May.

The Mouvement Du 23 Mars (M23)

is an armed group operating in the

DRC that has been the recipient of arms and related materiel, including advice, training, and assistance related to military activities. Several eyewitness testimonies state that receives general military supplies from the Rwandan Defense

Forces (RDF) in the form of weapons and ammunition in

125

JUSTIFICATION addition to materiel support for combat operations.

M23 has been complicit in and responsible for committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in situations of armed conflict in the DRC including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction, and forced displacement.

According to numerous reports, investigations, and testimonies from eyewitnesses, has been responsible for carrying out mass killings of civilians, as well as raping women and children throughout various regions of the DRC. Several reports indicate that M23 fighters have carried out 46 rapes against women and girls, the youngest of which was 8 years old. In addition to reports of sexual violence, M23 has also carried out extensive forced recruitment campaigns of children into the ranks of the group. It is

126

JUSTIFICATION estimated that M23 has carried out the forced recruitment of 146 young men and boys in the Rutshuru territory alone in eastern DRC since

July 2012. Some of the victims have been as young as 15 years old.

The atrocities committed by M23

against the civilian population of the

DRC, as well as M23's forced recruitment campaign, and being the recipient of arms and military assistance has dramatically contributed to instability and conflict within the region and in some instances, violated international law.

MACHANGA

LTD

Kampala, Uganda

Gold export company

(Directors:

Rajendra

Kumar

Vaya and

Hirendra M. Vaya.)

In 2010, assets belonging to

MACHANGA bought gold through a regular commercial relationship with traders in the DRC tightly linked to militias. This constitutes

‘provision of assistance’ to illegal armed groups in breach of the arms embargo of resolutions 1493 (2003)

and 1596 (2005).

127

Machanga, held in the account of

Emirates

Gold, were frozen by

Bank of Nova Scotia

Mocatta (UK).

The previous owner of

Machanga,

Rajendra

Kumar and his brother

Vipul Kumar, have remained involved in purchasing gold from eastern DRC.

TOUS POUR LA

PAIX ET LE

DEVELOPPEM

ENT (NGO)

TPD

Goma, North

Kivu

Goma, with provincial committees in

South Kivu, Kasai

Occidental,

Kasai

Oriental and

Maniema

Officially suspended all

Implicated in violation of the arms embargo, by providing assistance to

RCD-G, particularly in supplying trucks to transport arms and troops, and also by transporting weapons for distribution to parts of the population in Masisi and Rutshuru,

North Kivu, in early 2005.

128

JUSTIFICATION activities since 2008.

In practice, as of

June 2011

TPD offices are open and involved in cases related to returns of

IDPs, community reconciliation initiatives, land conflict settlements, etc.

The TPD President is Eugene Serufuli and Vice-President is

Saverina

Karomba.

Important members include North Kivu provincial deputies

Robert Seninga and

Bertin Kirivita.

129

UGANDA

COMMERCIAL

IMPEX

(UCI)

LTD

Kajoka Street

Kisemente

Kampala,

Uganda

Tel.: +256 41 533 578/9;

Alternative address: PO

Box 22709

Kampala,

Uganda

Gold export company. (Former directors Mr. J.V.

LODHIA – known as

“Chuni”-

and his son

Kunal

LODHIA).

In January 2011,

Ugandan authorities notified the Committee that following an exemption on its

Financial holdings,

Emirates

Gold repaid UCI’s debt to

Crane

Bank in Kampala, leading to final closure of its accounts.

The previous owner of UCI, J.V.

Lodhia and his son

Kumal

UCI bought gold through a regular commercial relationship with traders in the DRC tightly linked to militias. This constitutes ‘provision of assistance’ to illegal armed groups in breach of the arms embargo of resolutions 1493 (2003)

and 1596 (2005).

130

Lodhia have remained involved in purchasing gold from eastern

131

Made 26 February 2014

[BNM.JUN.1119/15/75; PN(PU2)262/VI]

TAN SRI DATO’ SRI DR. ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ

Gabenor

Approved 6 March 2014

[KK/BPKA/K2/(S)/382/9/6; PN(PU2)262/VI]

DATO’ SRI MOHD NAJIB BIN TUN ABDUL RAZAK

Minister of Finance