In forceUpdated to 4 Jul 2023Current version · Updated to 4 Jul 2023
Penal Code · Updated to 4 Jul 2023 · Chapter II · General Explanations
39. “Voluntarily”
Feedback & supportA person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.
A sets fire, by night, to an inhabited house in a large town, for the purpose of facilitating a robbery, and thus causes the death of a person.
Here A may not have intended to cause death, and may even be sorry that death has been caused by his act; yet, if he knew that he was likely to cause death, he has caused death voluntarily.