Section 31

Judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in sections 28, 29 and 30, are not qarinah unless the existence of such judgments, orders or decrees is a fact in issue or is qarinah under any other provision of this Enactment.

Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment or incompetency of Court may be proved 32.

Any party to a suit or other proceeding may show that any judgment, order or decree which is qarinah under sections 28, 29 and 30, and which has been proved by the adverse party, was delivered by a Court not competent to deliver it or was obtained by fraud or collusion.

When Opinion of Third Person is Qarinah

Opinion of experts