PRELIMINARY
Short title
/akn/my/act/act/1998/588
COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998
The full official text, structured for quick navigation. Copy any provision or jump straight to a section.
- Type
- Act
- Status
- In force
- Enacted
- 1998
- Last amended
- 2025
- Sections
- 283
- Languages
- MS · EN
Quick answer
About this act
COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998 is Malaysia Act, cited as Act 588 1998, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1998.
Opening note
Preamble
- An Act to provide for and to regulate the converging communications and multimedia industries, and for incidental matters. [1 April 1999, P.U. (B) 128/1999— except ss. 157, 159-162, 164-171, 176, 178, 197 & 198; 1 April 2000, P.U. (B) 106/2000—ss. 157, 159-162, 164-171, 176 & 178] BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same as follows:
Part I
Part I
Section 1
This Act may be cited as the Communications and Multimedia
Act 1998.
Section 2
Commencement
This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette, and the Minister may appoint different dates for different provisions of this Act.
Section 3
Objects
(a)
to promote national policy objectives for the communications and multimedia industry;
20
Act 588
(b)
to establish a licensing and regulatory framework in support of national policy objectives for the communications and multimedia industry;
(c)
to establish the powers and functions for the Malaysian
Communications and Multimedia Commission; and
(2)
The national policy objectives for the communications and multimedia industry are—
(a)
to establish Malaysia as a major global centre and hub for communications and multimedia information and content services;
(b)
to promote a civil society where information-based services will provide the basis of continuing enhancements to quality of work and life;
(c)
to grow and nurture local information resources and cultural representation that facilitate the national identity and global diversity;
(e)
to promote a high level of consumer confidence in service delivery from the industry;
(f)
to ensure an equitable provision of affordable services over ubiquitous national infrastructure;
(h)
to facilitate the efficient allocation of resources such as skilled labour, capital, knowledge and national assets;
(i)
to promote the development of capabilities and skills within Malaysia’s convergence industries; and
(3)
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as permitting the censorship of the Internet.
21
Communications and Multimedia
Territorial and extra-territorial application
Section 4
(2)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), this Act and its subsidiary legislation shall apply to any person beyond the geographical limits of Malaysia and her territorial waters if such person—
(b)
provides relevant facilities or services under this Act in a place within Malaysia.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, “a place” means a point of any nature or description whether on land, in the atmosphere, in outer space, underground, underwater, at sea or anywhere else.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, a place that is—
(b)
above the geographical limits of Malaysia and her territorial waters, is taken to be a place within the geographical limits of Malaysia and her territorial waters.
Power of the Minister to exclude certain persons, geographical areas, etc.
Section 5
Notwithstanding section 4, the Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, exclude or exempt any person or place, premises or geographical area of any description from the provisions of this Act.
Section 6
Interpretation
“access” means access to a network facility or network service listed under Chapter 3 of Part VI;
“access code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under section 153;
“access device” means any card, plate, code, account number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, personal
22
Act 588
identification number, or other network service, applications service or content applications service, equipment, or facility identifier, or other means of access that can be used, alone or in conjunction with another access device, for the purposes of any communications;
“access forum” means a forum designated under section 152;
“access list” means the list of facilities or services established under Chapter 3 of Part VI;
“agreement” means an agreement, whether formal or informal, oral or written, express or implied;
“apparatus assignment” means an assignment issued under section 164;
“Appeal Tribunal” means the Appeal Tribunal established under
Part III
Part III;
“applications service” means a service provided by means of, but not solely by means of, one or more network services;
“applications service provider” means a person who provides an applications service;
“appointed date” means the date on which this Act comes into operation;
“arrangement” means an arrangement, whether formal or informal, oral or written, express or implied;
“assignment” means the assignment by the Commission of rights to use the spectrum, numbers or electronic addresses and may include conditions to which the exercise of those rights shall be subject;
“authorized interception” means interception by the licensee of any network facilities, network service or applications service permitted under section 265;
“authorized officer” means any public officer or officer appointed by the Commission and authorized in writing by the Minister for the purposes of this Act;
23
Communications and Multimedia
“certifying agency” means a certifying agency registered under section 186;
“class assignment” means an assignment issued under section 169;
“class licence” means a licence for any or all persons to conduct a specified activity and may include conditions to which the conduct of that activity shall be subject;
“communications” means any communication, whether between persons and persons, things and things, or persons and things, in the form of sound, data, text, visual images, signals or any other form or any combination of those forms;
“communications market” means an economic market for a network service, or an applications service, or for goods or services used in conjunction with a network service or an applications service, or for access to facilities used in conjunction with either a network service or an applications service;
“Commission” means the Malaysian Communications and
Multimedia Commission established under the Malaysian
Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998 [Act 589];
“conduit” means—
(a)
any conduit which, whether or not it is itself an electric line, is maintained by an electricity company for the purpose of enclosing, surrounding or supporting such line, including, where such conduit is connected to any box, chamber or other structure (including a building)
maintained by an electricity supply company for purposes connected with the conveyance, transmission or distribution of electricity, that box, chamber or structure;
(b)
a water main or any other conduit maintained by a water authority for the purpose of conveying water from one place to another;
(e)
any other underground facility for carrying, enclosing, surrounding or supporting any network facilities;
24
Act 588
“consumer code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 1 of Part VIII;
“consumer forum” means a forum designated under section 189;
“content” means any sound, text, still picture, moving picture or other audio-visual representation, tactile representation or any combination of the preceding which is capable of being created, manipulated, stored, retrieved or communicated electronically;
“content applications service” means an applications service which provides content;
“content code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under
Chapter 2 of Part IX;
“content forum” means a forum designated under section 212;
“court” means a court of law of competent jurisdiction;
“customer equipment” means any equipment, whether hardware or software, or device, used on the customer side of the network boundary;
“data processing device” means any article or device from which information is capable of being reproduced, with or without the aid of any other article or device;
“declaration” means a declaration made by the Minister under section 13;
“determination” means a determination made by the Minister under section 10, or by the Commission under section 55;
“direction” means a direction issued by the Minister under section 7, or by the Commission under section 51;
“director” has the meaning given to it in the Companies Act 1965 [Act 125];
“disaster plan” means a disaster plan which may be developed in accordance with section 267;
25
Communications and Multimedia
“frequency band” means a continuous frequency range of spectrum;
“incidental content” means a content which is incidental to the supply of an applications service because of—
(a)
it being related solely to the interface between an applications service and an end user; or
(b)
the reasons set out in a Ministerial determination made under section 10;
“individual licence” means a licence for a specified person to conduct a specified activity and may include conditions to which the conduct of that activity shall be subject;
“industry forum” means a forum designated under section 94;
“instrument” includes a direction, determination or declaration;
“intercept” means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any communications through the use of any electronic, mechanical, or other equipment, device or apparatus;
“interception capability” means the capability of any network facilities or network service or applications service to intercept communications under section 265;
“licensee” means a person who either holds an individual licence, or undertakes activities which are subject to a class licence, granted under this Act;
“limited content applications service” means a content applications service the appeal of which is limited because of—
(e)
the reasons set out in a Ministerial determination made under section 10;
“mail” includes the postal service;
“mandatory standard” means a mandatory standard established under Chapter 10 of Part V;
“Minister” means the Minister for the time being charged with the responsibility for communications and multimedia;
“multimedia information and content” means digitized content;
“network boundary” means the network boundary provided under section 128;
“network facilities” means any element or combination of elements of physical infrastructure used principally for, or in connection with, the provision of network services, but does not include customer equipment;
“network facilities provider” means a person who owns or provides any network facilities;
“network service provider” means a person who provides network services;
“nominated facilities provider” means a person, other than the owner of the network facilities, declared by the Minister to be a nominated facilities provider;
“number” means a number, letter or symbol;
“numbering and electronic addressing plan” means the numbering and electronic addressing plan developed under section 180;
“owner” means the legal or beneficial owner;
“post” means a post, pole, tower, standard, stay, strut or other above-ground facility for carrying, suspending or supporting any network facilities;
27
Communications and Multimedia
“public utility” means a body that provides to the public—
(a)
reticulated products or services, such as electricity, gas, water, sewerage or drainage;
(d)
a product or service of a kind that is similar to a product or service covered by paragraph (a), (b) or (c);
“register” means any one of the registers established or maintained by the Commission for the purposes of this Act;
“register of opinions” means the register of opinions maintained under section 97 or 210, or any other relevant section;
“required applications service” means an applications service which is in a list determined by the Minister under section 192;
“spectrum” means the continuous range of electromagnetic wave frequencies up to and including a frequency of 420 terahertz;
“spectrum assignment” means the assignment issued under section 159;
“spectrum plan” means the spectrum plan developed under section 172;
“technical code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 3 of Part VII;
“technical standards forum” means a forum designated under section 184;
“transmit” or “transmission” means to cause any emission of unguided electromagnetic energy in any part of the spectrum;
“voluntary industry code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 9 of Part V.
28
Act 588
Part II
Part II
MINISTERIAL POWERS AND PROCEDURES
Chapter
Chapter 1
Ministerial Direction
Direction by the Minister
Section 7
(2)
Any Ministerial direction shall be consistent with the objects and provisions of this Act which are relevant to the particular matter or activity.
(3)
The Commission shall exercise its powers conferred under this Act in a manner which is consistent with a Ministerial direction.
(4)
Every Ministerial direction shall be registered by the
Commission as soon as practicable.
(5)
A direction shall come into operation on the date of registration or such later date as the Minister may specify in the written instrument.
(6)
A direction shall expire on such date as the Minister may specify in the written instrument or, if no date is specified, the direction shall be in operation until the direction is revoked.
Variation of a direction
Section 8
(2)
The procedure set out in section 7 shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of any modification, variation or revocation of a direction.
29
Communications and Multimedia
Register of directions
Section 9
The Commission shall maintain a register of all directions issued by the Minister in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
Chapter
Chapter 2
Ministerial Determination
Determination by the Minister
Section 10
(2)
Any determination shall be consistent with the objects and provisions of this Act which are relevant to the particular matter or activity.
(3)
The Commission shall exercise its powers conferred under this
Act in a manner which is consistent with the determination.
(4)
The Minister shall provide a copy of the determination under this Chapter to the Commission as soon as practicable.
(5)
Every determination shall be registered by the Commission as soon as practicable.
(6)
A determination shall come into operation on the date of registration or such later date as the Minister may specify in the written instrument.
(7)
A determination shall expire on such date as the Minister may specify in the written instrument or, if no date is specified, the determination shall be in operation until the determination is revoked.
Variation of a determination
Section 11
(2)
The procedure set out in section 10 shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of any modification, variation or revocation of a determination.
Register of determinations
Section 12
The Commission shall maintain a register of all determinations made by the Minister in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
Chapter
Chapter 3
Ministerial Declaration
Declaration by the Minister
Section 13
(2)
Any declaration on the conditions of licence shall relate to the matters set out in the Schedule.
(3)
The Minister may also make a written declaration to exempt a licensee from complying with any conditions of a licence.
(4)
Before making a declaration under subsection (2), the,
Minister shall give the affected licensees written notice of his intention to do so together with a draft copy of the declaration, and the licensees may make submissions to the Minister by submitting them to the Commission within the time period specified by the
Minister but the time period shall not be less than thirty days.
(5)
After expiry of the notice specified in subsection (4), the Minister shall, on the recommendation of the Commission, decide on the next course of action, taking into consideration any submission made by the affected licensees.
31
Communications and Multimedia
(6)
The Minister shall give the affected licensees a written notice of the declaration made under subsection (2) as soon as practicable.
(7)
Any declaration shall be consistent with the objects and provisions of this Act which are relevant to the particular matter or activity.
(8)
The Commission shall exercise its powers conferred under this Act in a manner which is consistent with the declaration.
(9)
The Minister shall provide a copy of the declaration under this Chapter to the Commission as soon as practicable.
(10)
Every declaration shall be registered by the Commission as soon as practicable.
(2)
shall come into operation on the date of registration or such later date as the Minister may specify in the instrument.
(12)
A declaration shall expire on such date as the Minister may specify in the written notice or, if no date is specified, the declaration shall be in operation until the declaration is revoked.
Modification, variation or revocation of a declaration
Section 14
(2)
The procedure set out in section 13 shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of any modification, variation or revocation of a declaration.
Register of declarations
Section 15
The Commission shall maintain a register of all declarations made by the Minister in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
32
Act 588
Chapter
Chapter 4
Ministerial Regulations
Minister’s power to make regulations
Section 16
(a)
the procedures for the Commission and the Appeal Tribunal in the exercise of their powers and functions under this
Act;
(b)
the form of, and requirements for, written authorizations, assignments and licences granted or issued under this
Act;
(c)
the procedures for the assignment of rights to the spectrum or numbers under Part VII, including mechanisms for rate-based assignment;
(e)
the procedures for the implementation of a system of universal service provision under Part VIII, including but not limited to the quality of service standards;
(f)
the procedures for the use of network facilities, network services, applications services and content applications services in emergency or distress situations;
(h)
any redress, including compensation or penalties in respect of a breach of or offence against any subsidiary legislation;
(j)
such other matters as are necessary for giving full effect to the provisions of this Act and for their due administration.
(2)
The regulations made under subsection (1), or any other subsidiary legislation made under this Act, may prescribe any act in contravention of the regulations, or other subsidiary legislation, to
33
Communications and Multimedia be an offence and may prescribe penalties of a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit or a term of imprisonment not exceeding three years or both for such offence and, in the case of a continuing offence, may prescribe, in addition to such penalties, a fine of one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction.
Part III
Part III
APPEAL TRIBUNAL
Establishment of the Appeal Tribunal
Section 17
(2)
The Minister shall appoint, by order to be published in the
Gazette—
(b)
at least two other members, or such greater number of members, of the Appeal Tribunal, to review a particular matter under a licence, this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
(3)
The Minister shall appoint a person who is currently a Judge of the High Court to be the Chairman of the Appeal Tribunal.
(4)
The appointment of any member of the Appeal Tribunal may be renewed upon the expiry of his term as a member.
(5)
No member of the Appeal Tribunal shall be appointed for a term exceeding three years.
(6)
Notwithstanding subsection (5), a member of the Appeal
Tribunal may be reappointed for a further term.
34
Act 588
Matters which the Appeal Tribunal may review
Section 18
(2)
Any decision by the Appeal Tribunal is final and binding on the parties to the appeal and is not subject to further appeal.
Qualifications of members
Section 19
A person is qualified to be a member of the Appeal Tribunal if he has knowledge of or experience in—
Section 20
(b)
he becomes of unsound mind or otherwise incapable of performing his duties or managing his affairs;
(d)
he is prohibited from being a director of a company under any written law relating to companies;
(g)
he fails to comply with his obligations under section 26;
or
35
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
The Chairman or any member may, at any time, resign his office by giving a written notice to the Minister.
Vacation of office and acting appointments
Section 21
(b)
he resigns or otherwise vacates his office before the expiry of the term for which he is appointed; or
(2)
The Minister shall appoint a person in accordance with section 17 to replace the Chairman or any other member during the vacancy in the office of the Chairman or any other member.
(3)
The Minister shall appoint a person in accordance with section 17 to act as the Chairman, or any other member—
(a)
during any period when the Chairman or any other member is absent from any duty or from Malaysia; or
(b)
if the Chairman or any other member is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.
(4)
The exercise of the powers, or the performance of the functions, of the Appeal Tribunal is not affected only because of there being a vacancy in the membership of the Tribunal.
Quorum for the Appeal Tribunal
Section 22
Tribunal shall be vacated if—
The quorum for the Appeal Tribunal shall be formed by—
(b)
at least two other members, or any greater even number of members not exceeding four, none of whom are
Judges, for the purposes of the functions of the Appeal Tribunal under this Act.
36
Act 588
Decision
Section 23
The decision of the Appeal Tribunal, on any matter, shall be decided on a majority of votes of the members.
Enforcement of decision of Appeal Tribunal 23a. Any decision given by the Appeal Tribunal may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment or an order of the High Court.
Section 24
Appeal Tribunal procedures
The Minister may make regulations regarding the operating procedures of the Appeal Tribunal, including but not limited to—
(g)
the employment of staff, if any.
Powers of Appeal Tribunal 24a. The Appeal Tribunal shall have the power—
(a)
to summon parties to the proceedings or any other person to attend before it to give evidence in respect of an appeal;
(b)
to procure and receive evidence on oath or affirmation, whether written or oral, and examine all such persons as witnesses as the Appeal Tribunal thinks necessary to procure, receive or examine;
(c)
where a person is so summoned, to require the production of any book, paper, document, record or other thing in
37
Communications and Multimedia his possession or under his control and which the Appeal
Tribunal may consider necessary for the purposes of the appeal;
(d)
to administer any oath, affirmation or statutory declaration, as the case may require;
(e)
where a person is so summoned, to allow the payment for any reasonable expenses incurred in connection with his attendance;
(f)
of a subordinate court with regard to the enforcement of attendance of witnesses, hearing evidence on oath or affirmation and punishment for contempt;
(g)
to admit evidence or reject evidence adduced, whether oral or documentary, and whether admissible or inadmissible under the provisions of any written law for the time being in force relating to the admissibility of evidence;
(h)
to adjourn the hearing of an appeal from time to time, including the power to adjourn to consider its decision;
and
(i)
to generally direct and do all such things as may be necessary or expedient for the expeditious decision of the appeal.
Suspension of member
Section 25
The Minister may, at his discretion, suspend any member of the
Appeal Tribunal on the ground of misbehaviour or incapacity.
Section 26
Disclosure of interest
(2)
If the Chairman is of the opinion that the member’s interest is in conflict with the member’s duties, the Chairman shall inform all the parties, including the appellants and the respondents, to the matter of the conflict.
38
Act 588
(3)
If none of the parties to the matter objects to the conflict, the member may continue to execute his duties as a member of the Tribunal in relation to that matter.
(4)
If a party to the matter objects to the conflict, the member shall not continue to execute his duties as a member of the
Tribunal in relation to that matter.
(5)
The failure by a member to disclose his interest in the matter shall subject him to the relevant disciplinary measures under section 20 or 25.
Secretary of Appeal Tribunal and other officers 26a. (1) The Minister shall designate a public officer as a Secretary of the Appeal Tribunal to assist the Appeal Tribunal in carrying out its function under this Act.
(2)
The Minister may designate such number of other public officers as the Minister thinks fit to assist the Secretary in carrying out his function under subsection (1).
(3)
For the purpose of this Act, the Secretary and the officers designated under subsection (2) shall be deemed to be officers of the Appeal Tribunal.
Obligation of secrecy 26b. (1) Except for this Part or for the purposes of any civil or criminal proceedings under any written law, or where authorized by the Minister—
(a)
the Chairman, members of the Appeal Tribunal or any officer of the Appeal Tribunal shall not, during the time he serves as such Chairman, member or officer, disclose any information obtained by him in the course of his duties; and
(b)
no other person who has, by any means, access to any information or document relating to the affairs of the
Appeal Tribunal shall disclose such information or document.
39
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.
Public servants and public officers 26c. The Chairman and all members and officers of the Appeal
Tribunal, while discharging their duties as the Chairman and such members and officers, shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of the Penal Code [Act 574], and to be public officers for the purposes of the Criminal Procedure Code
[Act 593].
Application of Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 26d. The Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 [Act 198] shall apply to any action, suit, prosecution or proceedings against the Appeal Tribunal, Chairman or any member or officer of the
Appeal Tribunal in respect of any act, neglect or default done or committed by him in such capacity.
Act or omission done in good faith 26e. No action or suit shall be instituted or maintained in any court against—
(d)
a person authorized to act for and on behalf of the Appeal
Tribunal, for any act or omission done in good faith in the performance of its or his functions and the exercise of its or his powers under this Act and any subsidiary legislation made under this Act.
40
Act 588
Part IV
Part IV
LICENCES
Individual Licence
Application for an individual licence
Section 27
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the Minister may set out in the regulations made under section 16 the persons or classes of persons who are not eligible to apply for an individual licence.
(3)
An application under this section may be withdrawn at any time before it is granted or refused.
Further information
Section 28
(2)
If any additional information or document required under subsection (1) is not provided by the applicant within the time specified in the request or any extension of time granted by the
Commission, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn and shall not be further proceeded with, but without affecting the right of the applicant to make a fresh application.
Recommendation by the Commission
Section 29
The Commission shall, within sixty days of receiving an application for an individual licence under this Part or such other period as may be specified by the Minister, provide a written recommendation to the Minister specifying—
(a)
whether the individual licence should be granted to the applicant;
41
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
any special or additional conditions which the individual licence should be subject to, if the Commission recommends the granting of the individual licence; and
Section 30
(2)
The Minister may, acting on the recommendation of the
Commission, by written notice—
(a)
grant an individual licence in accordance with the provisions of this Part; and
(b)
declare that an individual licence granted under this Part be subject to special or additional conditions.
(2)
, the Commission shall inform the applicant by written notice—
(b)
of any special or additional conditions, which are declared by the Minister under section 13.
(4)
Notwithstanding subsection (2), all individual licences shall be deemed to include the relevant standard licence conditions specified in the Schedule.
(5)
The individual licence granted under subsection (2) is subject to any other approvals of the relevant authorities, including the
State Authority, for the placing, laying or maintenance of any network facilities on, through, under, or across any land.
(6)
If the Minister refuses to grant an individual licence to an applicant, the Minister shall give the applicant a written notice informing him—
(7)
For the purposes of this section, the Minister shall inform the applicant by written notice of his decision, as soon as practicable, after making the decision to approve or refuse the application.
(8)
If the Minister neither grants, nor refuses to grant, an individual licence within thirty days from the receipt of the recommendation by the Commission, the Minister is deemed, at the end of the period, to have refused to grant the individual licence unless the applicant receives a written notice approving the application for an individual licence after the period.
(9)
An approval fee, to be decided upon by the Minister, shall be payable upon the approval of the application.
Restriction on the grant of an individual licence
Section 31
The Minister may not grant an individual licence to a person if that person is operating under an existing class licence in respect of the same service or activity.
Section 32
Compliance with the conditions of an individual licence
An individual licensee shall comply with—
(a)
the relevant standard conditions of the individual licence as set out in the Schedule; and
(b)
any special or additional conditions of the individual licence as declared by the Minister and included in the individual licence.
Modification, variation or revocation of individual licence conditions
Section 33
(a)
modify or vary the special or additional conditions of an existing individual licence;
(b)
revoke the special or additional conditions of an existing individual licence; or
(c)
impose further special or additional conditions to an existing individual licence.
43
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
The procedures set out in section 13 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the modification, variation, or revocation of a licence condition under this section.
Renewal of an individual licence
Section 34
(2)
The renewal fee, to be decided upon by the Minister, shall be payable upon approval of the application.
(3)
The application for the renewal of an individual licence shall be granted by the Minister unless the Minister, on the recommendation of the Commission, determines that the licensee—
(a)
has failed to comply with the terms and conditions of the individual licence;
(c)
has failed to comply with any instrument issued, made or given by the Minister or the Commission.
(4)
If the Minister has no intention of renewing the individual licence, the Commission shall—
(a)
inform the licensee by written notice, as soon as practicable, of his refusal to renew the individual licence; and
(b)
notify and publish, at least thirty days before the expiry of the individual licence, such intention in at least one national language and one English language national daily newspapers for at least three consecutive days.
(5)
The affected licensee shall be given a reasonable opportunity to make written submissions to the Minister within a time period specified in the notice and such time period shall not be less than fourteen days.
(6)
The affected licensee may, within the time period specified in the notice, submit a written submission and the Minister shall consider the submission.
44
Act 588
Surrender of an individual licence
Section 35
(2)
The surrender shall take effect on the date the Commission receives the individual licence and the notice under subsection (1), or where a later date is specified in the notice, on that date.
(3)
The surrender of an individual licence shall be irrevocable unless it is expressed to take effect on a later date and before that date the Commission, by notice in writing to the licensee, allows the surrender to be withdrawn.
Transfer of an individual licence or change of ownership
Section 36
(2)
The Minister may seek the advice of the Commission before granting an approval under subsection (1).
Recommendation for the suspension or cancellation of an individual licence
Section 37
The Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, by declaration in accordance with section 13, suspend or cancel an individual licence granted under this Act in any of the following circumstances:
(a)
the licensee has failed to pay any amount required by this Act or the individual licence;
(b)
the licensee has failed to comply with the provisions of this Act or the terms and conditions of the individual licence;
45
Communications and Multimedia
(c)
the licensee has contravened the provisions of any other written law relevant to the communications and multimedia industry;
(d)
the licensee has failed to comply with any instrument issued, made or given by the Minister or the Commission;
or
(e)
the suspension or cancellation is in the public interest.
Suspension or cancellation of an individual licence by the
Minister
Section 38
(2)
The procedures set out in section 13 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the suspension or cancellation of an individual licence under this section.
Effective date of suspension or cancellation of an individual licence
Section 39
The suspension or cancellation of an individual licence shall take effect on the expiration of fourteen days from the date on which the notice of suspension or cancellation is served on the licensee.
Section 40
Publication on suspension or cancellation of an individual licence
(2)
Any delay or failure to publish the notice of suspension or cancellation shall not in any manner affect the validity of the suspension or cancellation.
46
Act 588
Effect of suspension, cancellation, surrender or expiry of an individual licence
Section 41
(2)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, authorize the licensee in writing to carry on providing any facility or service for such duration as the Minister may specify in the authorization for the purpose of winding up the licensee’s affairs.
(3)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), the licensee whose individual licence has expired shall be entitled to carry on providing a facility or service as if his individual licence had not expired upon proof being submitted to the Commission that the licensee has applied for the renewal of the individual licence in accordance with section 34 and that such application is pending determination by the Minister.
(4)
Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
Register of individual licences
Section 42
(c)
any written notice varying, revoking or imposing any special or additional conditions specified in the individual licence;
(d)
any written notice by the licensee surrendering his individual licence;
47
Communications and Multimedia
(e)
any written notice by the Minister suspending or cancelling the individual licence; and
(f)
any written notice approving the transfer of an individual licence or a change in beneficial ownership of the individual licence.
(2)
The Commission shall maintain a register, which shall be made available to the public, of all individual licences which have been granted under this Part.
(3)
The Commission shall maintain a separate register, which shall be made available to the public, of all the matters listed in paragraphs (1)(b) to (f).
(4)
The Commission shall maintain the registers in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
Rights and obligations attached to an individual licence
Section 43
(2)
In granting individual licences, the Minister may declare specified benefits only for licensees who have current registered undertakings under this section.
(3)
The Minister may make regulations on the types of matters which may be included in an undertaking by a prospective licensee and the commensurate benefits for which the licensee shall be eligible in respect of such matters.
(4)
The regulations made by the Minister under section 16
and this section may provide for any or all specified benefits to have effect when a licensee meets any one or more of the terms of his undertakings under subsection (1), as the Minister deems fit.
(5)
A licence fee shall be payable by a licensee to the Commission under this section, subject to such terms as may be provided in the regulations made, and as required in the individual licence granted, under this Part.
48
Act 588
Class Licence
Minister may grant class licence
Section 44
(2)
A class licence granted under subsection (1) may include the relevant standard conditions as set out in the Schedule and/or such other standard conditions as may be declared by the Minister from time to time.
(3)
The Minister shall give a copy of all class licences to the
Commission as soon as practicable and the Commission shall register them.
Application for registration
Section 45
(2)
A registration fee, to be prescribed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette, shall be payable by the person to the
Commission upon the registration of that person.
Requirement for registration
Section 46
Subject to the exceptions provided in this Act, no person shall operate under any class licence unless the person is duly registered by the Commission.
Section 47
Recommendation by the Commission
The Commission may make a written recommendation to the Minister that the person subject to a class licence under this
Part be de-registered in any of the following circumstances:
(a)
the person has failed to pay any amount required by this
Act or the licence;
49
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
the person has failed to comply with the provisions of this Act or the terms and conditions of the licence;
(c)
the person has contravened the provisions of any written law relevant to the communications and multimedia industry;
(d)
the person has failed to comply with any instrument issued, made or given by the Minister or the Commission; or
(e)
the de-registration is in the public interest.
Cancellation of registration by the Minister
Section 48
(2)
The person whose registration has been cancelled shall cease the activity to which the registration applied until such time as the Commission, with the prior express direction of the
Minister, has agreed to reregister the person.
Register of class licences
Section 49
The Commission shall maintain a separate register, which shall be made available to the public, of—
(b)
all declarations by the Minister varying or revoking conditions, or imposing other standard conditions as specified in the licence; and
(c)
all written notices by the Minister cancelling any registration.
Register of registration notices
Section 50
The Commission shall maintain a register of all registration notices approved and registered under this Act, in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
50
Act 588
Part V
Part V
POWERS AND PROCEDURES OF THE MALAYSIAN
COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION
Directions
Directions by the Commission
Section 51
(2)
Before issuing a direction under subsection (1), the Commission shall issue a notice in writing to the person specifying the nature of required compliance.
(3)
The person shall be granted an opportunity to be heard or may submit a written submission within a reasonable time period specified in the notice on the reasons for his conduct or activity.
(4)
After the expiry of the notice specified in subsection (3), the Commission shall take into consideration any reasons provided by the person before making a decision in relation to the relevant conduct or activity of the person.
(5)
After due consideration of any reasons provided by the person, the Commission may issue a direction under subsection
(1)
requiring the person to take specified action directed towards ensuring that the person does not contravene or continue to contravene any of the conditions of his licence and/or any of the provisions of this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
(6)
The Commission shall give the person written notice of its direction as soon as practicable.
(7)
The person shall comply with the direction issued by the
Commission under subsection (6).
51
Communications and Multimedia
(8)
A direction issued by the Commission under this Chapter shall be registered as soon as practicable.
(9)
The direction shall be effective from the date of registration or such later date as the Commission may specify.
(10)
The direction shall expire on such date as the Commission may specify in the written instrument or, if no date is specified, the direction shall be in operation until it is revoked.
Modification, variation or revocation of a direction by the
Commission
Section 52
(2)
The procedure set out in section 51 shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of any modification, variation or revocation of a direction.
Offence for non-compliance with a direction of the
Commission
Section 53
A person who fails to comply with a direction of the
Commission commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.
Section 54
Register of directions
The Commission shall maintain a register of all directions issued by the Commission, including any written instruments modifying, varying or revoking a direction, in accordance with
Chapter 6 of this Part.
Determination
Determination by the Commission
Section 55
(2)
The Commission may conduct an inquiry to decide whether a determination should be made, either—
(3)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commission shall not conduct an inquiry unless it is satisfied that the matter is of significant interest to either the public or to current or prospective licensees under this Act.
(4)
An inquiry shall be carried out in accordance with Chapter 3 of this Part, and at a standard and in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Act and its subsidiary legislation and any instrument issued, made or given under this Act.
(5)
Within forty-five days from the conclusion of the inquiry, the Commission shall determine the matter.
(6)
Any determination by the Commission shall be consistent with the objects of, and any requirements provided in, this Act which are relevant to the particular matter or activity.
(7)
A determination made by the Commission under this Chapter shall be registered as soon as practicable.
(8)
A determination shall come into force on the date of registration or such later date as the Commission may specify.
(9)
A determination shall expire on such date as the Commission may specify or, if no date is specified, the determination shall be in force until the determination is revoked.
Modification, variation or revocation of a determination by the Commission
Section 56
(2)
The procedures set out in section 55 shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of any modification, variation or revocation of the determination.
53
Communications and Multimedia
Register of determinations
Section 57
The Commission shall maintain a register of all determinations made by the Commission, including any written instrument modifying, varying or revoking a determination, in accordance with Chapter 6 of this Part.
Inquiry
Inquiry by the Commission
Section 58
(2)
The Commission may hold a public inquiry under subsection (1)—
(b)
on its own initiative, only if it is satisfied that the matter is of significant interest to either the public or to current or prospective licensees under this Act.
Combining two or more inquiries
Section 59
The Commission may combine two or more inquiries into a single inquiry.
Section 60
Conduct of an inquiry
(2)
The Commission may, for the purposes of an inquiry, exercise any or all of its investigation and information-gathering powers under Chapters 4 and 5 of this Part.
54
Act 588
Inquiry shall be public
Section 61
(d)
the period, of at least forty-five days, within which, and the form in which, members of the public are invited to make submissions to the Commission about that matter;
(2)
The Commission does not need to publish at the same time or in the same manner the notice of all matters referred to in subsection (1).
(3)
The Commission shall consider any submissions received within the time limit as specified in the notice.
(4)
The submissions made by the members of the public shall be in the form and of the nature as specified in the notice.
Exceptions to a public inquiry
Section 62
Commission shall publish, in the manner that it deems appropriate, notice of—
Notwithstanding section 61, an inquiry or a part of an inquiry may be conducted in private if the Commission is satisfied that—
(a)
the documents or information that may be given, or a matter that may arise during the inquiry or a part of the inquiry, is of a confidential nature; or
(b)
an inquiry or part of an inquiry of a matter, or part of a matter, in public would not be conducive to the due administration of this Act.
55
Communications and Multimedia
Confidential material not to be disclosed
Section 63
(b)
the material in written submissions lodged with the
Commission, is of a confidential nature, the Commission may direct that—
(aa) the evidence or material should not be published; or
(bb) its disclosure be restricted.
(2)
A person shall not without reasonable excuse fail to comply with a direction under subsection (1).
Directions about an inquiry
Section 64
(a)
shall give a direction as to the persons who may be present at the inquiry or part of the inquiry; and
(b)
may give a direction restricting the disclosure of evidence or other material presented at the inquiry or part of the inquiry.
(2)
Notwithstanding section 53, a person who without reasonable excuse fails to comply with a direction given under subsection
(1)
commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
Report on an inquiry
Section 65
(2)
The Commission shall publish the report within thirty days of the conclusion of the inquiry.
56
Act 588
(3)
The Commission shall not include in the report any material—
(c)
which would involve the unreasonable disclosure of personal information about any individual (including a deceased individual); or
(d)
that is the subject of a direction under section 63 or 64.
Protection from civil action
Section 66
Civil proceedings shall not lie against a person in respect of any loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person because of any of the following acts done in good faith:
(b)
the making of a statement, or giving of a document or information, to the Commission in relation to an inquiry under this Chapter.
Register of reports
Section 67
The Commission shall maintain a register of all reports made pursuant to an inquiry under this Chapter, in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 6 of this Part.
Investigation for Purposes of Administration, Inquiry, etc.
Investigation by the Commission
Section 68
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, the Commission shall investigate any matter pertaining to the administration of this Act or its subsidiary legislation if—
(a)
the Minister directs the Commission to conduct an investigation into any civil or criminal offence under
57
Communications and Multimedia this Act or its subsidiary legislation which may have been or may be committed; or
(b)
the Commission has grounds to believe that a civil or criminal offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation was, is or will be committed.
Complaints to the Commission
Section 69
(2)
The complaint shall specify the person against whom the complaint is made (“the respondent”).
(3)
If it appears to the Commission that—
(b)
the person requires assistance to formulate the complaint or to reduce it into writing, it is the duty of the Commission to take reasonable steps to provide appropriate assistance to the person.
(4)
If a complaint has been made to the Commission under this section, the Commission may make inquiries of the respondent for the purpose of deciding—
(a)
whether the Commission has power to investigate the matter to which the complaint relates; or
(5)
If the Commission decides not to investigate, or not to investigate further, a matter to which a complaint relates, it shall as soon as practicable and in such manner as it thinks fit, inform the complainant and the respondent of the decision and the reasons for the decision.
Conduct of investigation
Section 70
(2)
An investigation under this Part is to be conducted as the
Commission thinks fit.
(3)
The Commission may, for the purposes of an investigation, obtain information from such persons as it thinks fit.
(4)
Subject to subsection (5), it is not necessary for a complainant or a respondent to be given an opportunity to appear before the
Commission in connection with an investigation.
(5)
The Commission shall not, as a result of the investigation, make a finding that is adverse to a complainant or a respondent unless it has given the complainant or respondent an opportunity to make submissions about a matter to which the investigation relates within a time period of not less than thirty days.
(6)
The Commission shall consider the submissions made by the complainant or the respondent under subsection (5) before making its decision.
Report on investigation
Section 71
(2)
The report under subsection (1) shall cover—
(d)
such other matters relating to, or arising out of, the investigation as the Commission thinks fit or as the
Minister directs.
Publication of reports
Section 72
The Minister may direct the Commission to publish a report of an investigation if the Minister is satisfied that the publication would be in the national interest.
59
Communications and Multimedia
Chapter
Chapter 5
Information-gathering Powers
Provision of information
Section 73
(a)
has any information (including but not limited to accounts and records) or any document that is relevant to the performance of the Commission’s powers and functions under this Act or its subsidiary legislation; or
(b)
is capable of giving any evidence which the Commission has reason to believe is relevant to the performance of the Commission’s powers and functions under this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
(2)
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, the Commission may, by a written notice, direct any person—
(a)
to give the Commission, within the period and in the manner and form specified in the notice, any such information;
(b)
to produce to the Commission, within the period and in the manner specified in the notice, any such documents, whether in a physical form or in an electronic media;
(c)
to make copies of any such documents and to produce those copies to the Commission within the period and in the manner specified in the notice;
(d)
if the person is an individual, to appear, at a private hearing, before the Commission at a time and place specified in the notice to give any such evidence, either orally or in writing, and produce any such documents, whether in a physical form or in an electronic media;
(e)
if the person is a body corporate or a public body, to cause a competent officer of the body to appear, at a private hearing, before the Commission at a time and place specified in the notice to give any such evidence, either orally or in writing, and produce any such documents, whether in a physical form or in an electronic media;
or
60
Act 588
(f)
if the person is a partnership, to cause an individual who is a partner in the partnership or an employee of the partnership to appear, at a private hearing, before the
Commission at a time and place specified in the notice to give any such evidence, either orally or in writing, and produce any such documents, whether in a physical form or in an electronic media.
(3)
The Commission shall allow the person so directed under subsection (2) a reasonable time to give and to produce any information and/or documents specified in the notice.
(4)
Any person required to provide information under subsection (2) shall ensure that the information provided is true, accurate and complete and such person shall provide a representation to that effect, including a representation that he is not aware of any other information which would make the information provided untrue or misleading.
Offence for non-compliance
Section 74
Notwithstanding section 53, a person who fails to comply with a direction of the Commission under this Chapter commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
Section 75
Offence for giving false or misleading information, evidence or document, etc.
Notwithstanding section 53, a person who fails to disclose or omits to give any relevant information or evidence or document, or provides information or evidence or document that he knows or has reason to believe is false or misleading, in response to a direction issued by the Commission commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit.
Section 76
Proof of compliance
(2)
Subsection (1) shall not affect any other power conferred on the Commission under this Act.
Commission may retain documents
Section 77
(2)
The person otherwise entitled to possession of the document is entitled to be supplied, as soon as practicable, with a copy certified by the Commission to be a true copy.
(3)
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, the certified copy shall be received by all courts and tribunals as evidence as if it were the original.
(4)
Until a certified copy is supplied, the Commission shall, at such times and places as the Commission thinks appropriate, permit the person otherwise entitled to possession of the document, or a person authorized by that person, to inspect and make copies of, or take extracts from, the document.
Incorrect record
Section 78
A person shall not, in purported compliance with a requirement imposed by the record-keeping rules made under section 268, make a record of any matter or thing in such manner that it does not correctly record the matter or thing.
Section 79
Record of information
(2)
The record shall be made available to the public.
62
Act 588
Publication of information
Section 80
(2)
The Commission shall consider the commercial interest of the parties to whom the information relates before publishing the information.
(3)
The Commission shall not publish any information or any part of any information disclosed to it if the publication would—
(c)
involve the unreasonable disclosure of personal information about any individual (including a deceased person), but the Commission may publish an abstract relating to such information provided that the particulars in the abstract shall not be arranged in any way which would compromise or prejudice the person providing such information.
Chapter
Chapter 6
Register
Register of all matters
Section 81
(2)
A person may, on payment of the charge (if any) to be decided by the Commission—
(b)
make a copy of, or take extracts from, the register.
63
Communications and Multimedia
(3)
If a person requests that a copy be provided in an electronic media, the Commission may provide the relevant information—
Chapter
Chapter 7
Notification and Resolution of Disputes
Disputes
Section 82
(2)
If one of the parties to the dispute has provided an undertaking which is relevant to the subject-matter of the dispute and the undertaking has been registered by the Commission in accordance with Chapter 11 of this Part, the parties may adopt the conditions of the undertaking for the purposes of resolving the dispute.
(3)
If the parties to the dispute cannot or otherwise fail to reach an agreement, and no relevant undertaking has been registered, or if one of the parties to the dispute does not wish to adopt the conditions of the undertaking, the parties may seek resolution of the dispute by the Commission, if this Act or its subsidiary legislation expressly provides for such resolution.
Notification of a dispute
Section 83
A party to a dispute may, in writing, notify the Commission of the dispute.
Section 84
Commission to act only upon notification
Subject to section 83, the Commission may only resolve a dispute under this Chapter if it is notified in writing of the dispute.
64
Act 588
Section 85
Commission may publish guidelines
The Commission may publish guidelines setting out the principles and procedures which it may take into account in resolving disputes or a class of disputes under this Chapter.
Section 86
Commission to decide notified dispute
(2)
The Commission shall be bound under subsection (1) to convene to decide a dispute if it is satisfied that—
(a)
an agreement will not be reached, or will not be reached within a reasonable time;
(3)
Subject to the objects of this Act and any guidelines issued by the Commission under this Chapter, the Commission may resolve the dispute upon such terms and conditions as it may deem fit.
Decision to be in writing
Section 87
(2)
The Commission shall provide the parties to the dispute with a copy of its decision as soon as practicable.
(3)
The decision of the Commission shall be binding on the parties.
Register of decisions
Section 88
(2)
The register shall contain—
(c)
the date of the decision, but not the terms and conditions of the decision.
Enforcement
Section 89
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
A decision made by the Commission under this Chapter may be enforced by the High Court as if the decision is a judgment of such Court provided that a certificate has been issued by the Commission to the complainant for leave to proceed to the
Court for the enforcement of the decision except in the case of an injunction.
(3)
No certificate is required if an action is taken by the
Commission under this section.
Chapter
Chapter 8
Registration of Agreements
Application for the registration of agreements
Section 90
The parties to a written agreement shall apply to the
Commission for the registration of the agreement, if this Act requires such registration.
Section 91
When the Commission shall register the agreement
The Commission shall register the written agreement if the
(c)
any relevant provisions of this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
Effect of registration
Section 92
Commission is satisfied that the agreement is consistent with—
(2)
The Commission may direct any party to a registered agreement to comply with the registered agreement.
(3)
A direction made by the Commission in respect of a registered agreement may be enforced by the High Court as if the direction is a judgment of such Court provided that a certificate has been issued by the Commission to the complainant for leave to proceed to the Court for the enforcement of the direction except in the case of an injunction.
(4)
No certificate is required if an action is taken by the
Commission under this section.
Content of the register of agreements
Section 93
(2)
The register shall contain—
(c)
the date of the agreement, but not the terms and conditions of the agreement.
(3)
Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), a copy of the agreement shall be deposited with the Commission.
67
Communications and Multimedia
Chapter
Chapter 9
Voluntary Industry Codes
Industry forum
Section 94
(b)
the body is capable of performing as required under the relevant provisions of this Act; and
(2)
The body shall agree in writing to be an industry forum before the designation may be registered.
(3)
The Commission may decide that an existing industry body that was previously designated under subsection (1) to be an industry forum is no longer an industry forum for the purposes of this Act, if the Commission is satisfied that the body no longer meets the requirements set out in subsection (1).
(4)
A designation or withdrawal of designation under this section shall take effect from the date of registration, or a later date specified.
Code by the industry forum
Section 95
(2)
The voluntary industry code shall not be effective until it is registered by the Commission.
(3)
The Commission may refuse registration of the voluntary industry code, under subsection (1), if the Commission is not satisfied that sufficient opportunity for public consultation has
68
Act 588
occurred in the development of the voluntary industry code by the industry forum.
(4)
The Commission shall register a voluntary industry code if it is consistent with—
(c)
any provisions of this Act which are relevant to the particular matter or activity.
(5)
The Commission shall either register or refuse registration of a voluntary industry code.
(6)
If registration of a voluntary industry code is refused, then the Commission shall notify the relevant industry forum of its decision in writing and provide the reasons for it.
(7)
If the Commission neither registers nor refuses to register a voluntary industry code within a period of thirty days from the date that the voluntary industry code was submitted for registration, the Commission is deemed to have refused the registration of the voluntary industry code unless the industry forum receives a written notice of registration of the voluntary industry code after that period.
Commission may determine a voluntary industry code
Section 96
(a)
a voluntary industry code is not developed under an applicable section of this Act; and
(b)
the Commission is satisfied that a voluntary industry code is unlikely to be developed by the relevant industry forum within a reasonable time.
(2)
The voluntary industry code formulated by the Commission under subsection (1) shall be registered.
(3)
The voluntary industry code shall only take effect upon registration.
69
Communications and Multimedia
Applicable voluntary industry code
Section 97
(2)
If there is any uncertainty or ambiguity, a person may apply to the Commission for its opinion on which voluntary industry code is the applicable code in relation to the circumstances of the applicant.
(3)
The Commission shall provide its opinion within thirty days from the date of receipt of the application.
(4)
The Commission shall take into account any relevant
Ministerial guidelines and any relevant previous opinions.
(5)
The opinion shall be binding on the Commission and the applicant for a period of three years from the date that the opinion is provided under subsection (3).
(6)
The Commission shall maintain a register of opinions provided under this section, in accordance with Chapter 6 of this
Part.
(7)
Notwithstanding subsection (5), the Commission may withdraw an opinion under this section if the Commission is satisfied that the nature of the activity engaged in by the applicant has changed materially.
Compliance with a registered voluntary industry code a legal defence
Section 98
(2)
Compliance with a registered voluntary industry code shall be a defence against any prosecution, action or proceeding of any nature, whether in a court or otherwise, taken against a person
(who is subject to the voluntary industry code) regarding a matter dealt with in that code.
70
Act 588
Directions to comply with a registered voluntary industry code
Section 99
The Commission may direct a person or a class of persons, in accordance with section 51, to comply with a registered voluntary industry code.
Section 100
Civil penalty for non-compliance
(2)
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, the fine payable under this section may, without prejudice to any other remedy or sanction, be recoverable as a civil debt.
Revocation of a code
Section 101
The Commission may determine the revocation of a voluntary industry code, in accordance with section 55, if it is satisfied that the voluntary industry code is no longer consistent with all the matters listed in paragraphs 95(4)(a), (b) and (c).
Section 102
Submission of new voluntary industry code by an industry forum
(2)
The submission of the new code shall be subject to the provisions of this Chapter.
(3)
If an industry forum submits a new voluntary industry code to the Commission which deals with the same matter as an existing registered code, the existing registered code is taken to be invalid to the extent of any conflict with the new code at the time that the new code is registered under section 95.
71
Communications and Multimedia
Register of current voluntary industry code
Section 103
The Commission shall maintain a register of all current voluntary industry codes, in accordance with Chapter 6 of this
Part.
Chapter
Chapter 10
Mandatory Standards
Determination of a mandatory standard
Section 104
(2)
The Commission shall determine a mandatory standard if it is subject to a direction from the Minister to determine a mandatory standard in place of a voluntary industry code.
(3)
A Ministerial direction, to determine a mandatory standard, may include reference to—
(4)
The determination of the Commission under this section shall be in accordance with section 55.
Mandatory standard to be consistent
Section 105
(2)
A mandatory standard determined by the Commission under subsection (1) shall specify the class of licensees who are subject to the mandatory standard.
(3)
A person subject to a mandatory standard shall comply with the mandatory standard.
Modification, variation or revocation of a mandatory standard
Section 106
(2)
Any modification or variation of a mandatory standard under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be a new standard for the purposes of this Chapter and shall be subject to the provisions of this Chapter.
(3)
If a new mandatory standard deals with the same standard as an existing mandatory standard, then the existing standard is taken to be invalid to the extent of any conflict with the new mandatory standard.
Mandatory standard to take precedence
Section 107
A voluntary industry code, or an undertaking referred to in
Chapter 11 of this Part, is invalid to the extent of any conflict with a mandatory standard.
Section 108
Compliance with a mandatory standard a legal defence
Compliance with a mandatory standard shall be a defence against any prosecution, action or proceeding of any nature, whether in a court or otherwise, taken against a person (who is subject to the mandatory standard) regarding a matter dealt with in that mandatory standard.
73
Communications and Multimedia
Section 109
Civil penalty for non-compliance
(2)
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, the fine payable under this section may, without prejudice to any other remedy or sanction, be recoverable as civil debt.
Chapter
Chapter 11
Undertakings
Undertaking by a person
Section 110
(2)
An undertaking provided by a person under subsection (1)
may—
(b)
adopt the model terms and conditions from a registered voluntary industry code, and the undertaking may include the effective date of the undertaking and/or the date of its expiry.
Registration of an undertaking
Section 111
(2)
A person may submit a written application to the Commission to have an undertaking registered by the Commission.
74
Act 588
(3)
The Commission shall register an undertaking if it is satisfied that the undertaking—
(d)
will expire within three years from the date of the application to register the undertaking.
(4)
Notwithstanding subsection (3), the Commission shall register an undertaking if the undertaking—
(a)
solely adopts model terms and conditions from a registered voluntary industry code; and
(b)
will expire within three years from the date of the application to register the undertaking.
(5)
The Commission shall either register or refuse to register any other undertaking and shall notify the person providing the undertaking of its decision in writing within thirty days from the date of receipt of the undertaking.
(6)
The Commission shall provide reasons for refusing to register an undertaking.
(7)
If the Commission neither registers nor refuses to register an undertaking within a period of thirty days from the date of receipt of the application, the Commission is deemed to have refused the registration of the undertaking unless the person providing the undertaking is notified of the registration after that period.
(8)
An undertaking provided under this Chapter shall only take effect on the date of registration or on such later date as the undertaking may specify.
Rules regarding undertakings
Section 112
(1)
to comply with the rules made under subsection (1) and any registered undertakings issued under this Chapter.
Withdrawal of an undertaking
Section 113
A person providing an undertaking may withdraw the undertaking at any time by notifying the Commission in writing.
Section 114
Replacement of an undertaking
If a person submits to the Commission a new undertaking which deals with the same matter as an existing registered undertaking provided by that person, the existing registered undertaking is taken to be invalid to the extent of any conflict with the new undertaking at the time that the new undertaking is registered under section 111.
Section 115
Register of undertakings
The Commission shall maintain a register of all existing undertakings, in accordance with Chapter 6.
Section 116
Enforcement of an undertaking
(2)
If a sum of money is payable by any person, or where anything, other than the payment of money, is required to be done or not to be done by any person because of any direction given by the Commission under section 112, and the direction has not been complied with by the person to whom it is addressed, then the direction shall, for all purposes, be enforceable as if the
76
Act 588
direction is a judgement of the High Court, in accordance with such rules of court as may be applicable or in such manner as the Court may deem just or expedient provided that a certificate has been issued by the Commission to the complainant for leave to proceed to the Court for the enforcement of a registered undertaking except in the case of an injunction.
(3)
No certificate is required if an action is taken by the
Commission under this section.
Chapter
Chapter 12
Regulatory Forbearance
Section 117
(a)
the enforcement of such provision is not necessary to ensure the achievement of the objects of this Act;
(b)
the enforcement of such provision is not necessary for the protection of consumers;
(c)
the forbearance from applying such provision is consistent with the national interest; and
(d)
the forbearance from applying such provision will not impede the administration of this Act.
(2)
The direction by the Minister shall be made in accordance with section 7.
Determination by the Minister
Section 118
(2)
The Minister shall provide a written notice as soon as practicable of his determination on whether to forbear from applying such provision and the reasons for his determination.
(3)
If the Minister determines to forbear from applying a provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation, the Minister shall publish the notice of forbearance in the form of an exemption order in the Gazette.
(4)
An exemption determined under subsection (3) may or may not be subject to any conditions.
Chapter
Chapter 13
Review of Decisions
Review by the Commission
Section 119
(2)
The Commission shall, upon such written request, provide a copy of a statement of reasons for the decision and any relevant information taken into account in making the decision within a period of not more than thirty days from the date of receipt of the request by the Commission.
(3)
The Commission is not required to publish, or to disclose to a person to whose affairs it relates, a statement of reasons or a part of a statement of reasons if the publication or disclosure would—
(c)
involve the unreasonable disclosure of personal information about any individual (including a deceased person).
(4)
In this Chapter, “decision” includes any action, order, report or delegated authority.
78
Act 588
Review by the Appeal Tribunal
Section 120
(2)
Subject to subsection 17(1), the Minister may determine the decisions or directions of the Commission which are not subject to appeal to the Appeal Tribunal under subsection (1).
Judicial review
Section 121
(2)
A person shall not apply to the court for a judicial review unless that person has first exhausted all other remedies provided under this Act.
Chapter
Chapter 14
Regulatory Review
Review of subsidiary legislation by the Commission
Section 122
(2)
A review of the rules and regulations shall be conducted by the Commission—
(b)
as and when the Minister so directs under section 7.
79
Communications and Multimedia
(3)
The Commission shall provide a written recommendation to the Minister to modify or vary, or to repeal, any rules or regulations made under this Act—
Chapter
Chapter 15
Monitoring and Reporting
Report to the Minister on industry performance
Section 123
(2)
In performing its functions under subsection (1), the
Commission shall have regard to such industry performance indicators as the Commission considers appropriate.
Matters to monitor and report
Section 124
Matters upon which the Commission shall monitor and report include, but are not limited to, the following:
(f)
the level of compliance with voluntary industry codes, mandatory standards and undertakings;
(g)
the adequacy of services and availability of services in all parts of Malaysia;
(h)
any deficiencies in the scope or operation of this Act and its subsidiary legislation; and
(i)
other matters that the Commission is satisfied are relevant.
Report to be published
Section 125
The Commission shall publish the report, in the manner it deems appropriate, as soon as practicable following the date on which the Commission conveys the report to the Minister.
Part VI
Part VI
ECONOMIC REGULATION
Licensing
Licensing of network facilities, network services and applications services
Section 126
(c)
provide any applications services, except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of—
(aa) a valid individual licence granted under this Act; or
(bb) a class licence granted under this Act, expressly authorizing the ownership or provision of the facilities or services.
81
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both and shall also be liable to a further fine of one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
Compliance with licence conditions
Section 127
Minister by order published in the Gazette, no person shall—
(2)
Any special or additional conditions of a licence may be declared by the Minister and included in the licence.
(3)
A licensee under this Part shall not provide any facility or service except in accordance with the conditions of the licence granted to that licensee under this Part or the conditions of a class licence to which the licensee is subject.
Definition of network boundary
Section 128
(2)
In the absence of such determination, the network boundary shall be—
(3)
The ownership of any network facilities and the provision of any network services or applications services, solely on the customer side of the network boundary, are exempted from the provisions of this Part.
Exemption for applications service provider not subject to a class licence
Section 129
An applications service provider who is not subject to a class licence under section 126 shall be deemed to be exempted
82
Act 588
from the provisions of this Chapter, but not from the provisions of Part VII regarding technical regulation.
Section 130
Nominated facilities provider
(2)
Upon the determination of the nominated facilities provider under subsection (1), the owner shall then be deemed to be exempted from the provisions of this Chapter.
Providers under a class licence shall register
Section 131
A person shall not operate under a class licence in respect of any network facilities or network service or applications service unless that person is registered by the Commission.
Section 132
Separate licence
A licence obtained under this Chapter does not exempt any person from the obligation to obtain a licence under any other relevant section of this Act.
General Competition Practices
Prohibition on anticompetitive conduct
Section 133
A licensee shall not engage in any conduct which has the purpose of substantially lessening competition in a communications market.
83
Communications and Multimedia
Section 134
Commission may publish guidelines
(2)
The guidelines may include reference to—
(c)
the impact of the conduct on the number of competitors in a market and their market shares;
(f)
the impact of the conduct on the cost and profit structures in the market; and
(g)
any other matters which the Commission is satisfied are relevant.
Prohibition on entering into collusive agreements
Section 135
A licensee shall not enter into any understanding, agreement or arrangement, whether legally enforceable or not, which provides for—
Section 136
A licensee shall not, at any time or in any circumstances, make it a condition for the provision or supply of a product or service in a communications market that the person acquiring such product or service in the communications market is also required to acquire or not to acquire any other product or service either from himself or from another person.
84
Act 588
Section 137
Determination of dominant licensee
The Commission may determine that a licensee is in a dominant position in a communications market.
Section 138
Guidelines as to the meaning of “dominant position”
(2)
The guidelines may specify the matters which the Commission may take into account, including—
(e)
the degree of product or service differentiation and sales promotion in the market; and
(f)
any other matters which the Commission is satisfied are relevant.
Commission may direct a licensee in a dominant position
Section 139
(2)
The Commission may only issue a direction under subsection (1) if the Commission is satisfied that the direction is consistent with—
(b)
any relevant instrument under this Act.
85
Communications and Multimedia
Authorization of a conduct
Section 140
(2)
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, the
Commission shall authorize the conduct if the Commission is satisfied that the authorization is in the national interest.
(3)
Before authorizing the conduct, the Commission may require the licensee to submit an undertaking regarding his conduct in any matter relevant to the authorization.
(4)
If the licensee subsequently withdraws the undertaking, the authorization shall be deemed never to have been given for the purposes of this Chapter.
(5)
A licensee may withdraw an application made under subsection (1) at any time.
Register of authorizations
Section 141
The Commission shall maintain a register of current authorizations of a conduct under this Chapter in accordance with
Chapter 6 of Part V.
Section 142
Remedies for non-compliance
(2)
A person shall obtain a certificate from the Commission for leave to proceed to the court for enforcement of the provisions of this Chapter except in the case of an injunction.
Penalty for offence
Section 143
A person who contravenes any prohibition under this Chapter commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment
86
Act 588
for a term not exceeding five years or to both and shall also be liable to a further fine of one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
Section 144
Minister may make rules
(2)
The Minister shall only make the rules, under subsection (1), which are intended to prevent or mitigate—
(a)
any conduct by foreign network facilities providers and/
or network service providers which will, or is likely to lead to, a substantial lessening of competition in a communications market; or
(b)
the misuse of market power in a communications market.
Access to Services
Facilities and services which may be included in the access list
Section 145
(c)
other facilities and/or services which facilitate the provision of network services or applications services, including content applications services.
(2)
The facilities or services listed in paragraph (1)(c) do not have to be owned or provided by the licensees under this Act.
87
Communications and Multimedia
Determination of facilities and services by the Commission
Section 146
Subject to subsection 147(2), the Commission may determine that—
(c)
any other facilities and/or services which facilitate the provision of network services or applications services, including content applications services, shall be included in or removed from the access list.
Recommendation by access forum
Section 147
(c)
any other facilities and/or services which facilitate the provision of network services or applications services, including content applications services, shall be included in or removed from the access list.
(2)
The Commission shall determine that the recommended network facilities or class of network facilities or network service or class of network services be included in the access list, if it is satisfied that the access forum has consulted with persons who have an interest in the recommendation, and that not less than nine-tenths of the members of the access forum support the recommendation.
(3)
Notwithstanding Chapter 3 of Part V, the Commission is not required to conduct an inquiry before making a determination under section 55, if the determination relates to a recommendation made by the access forum under this section but nothing in this section shall prevent the Commission from conducting an inquiry if it deems it necessary.
88
Act 588
Register of access list
Section 148
The Commission shall maintain a register of—
(c)
other facilities and/or services which facilitate the supply of network services or applications services, including content applications services, included in the access list.
Standard access obligations for facilities and services
Section 149
(d)
content applications service provider, who makes a written request for access to such network facilities provider or network service provider on reasonable terms and conditions.
(2)
The access provided by one provider (“the first provider”)
to another provider under subsection (1), shall be—
(a)
of at least the same or more favourable technical standard and quality as the technical standard and quality provided on the first provider’s network facilities or network services; and
(3)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
89
Communications and Multimedia
Registration of access agreements
Section 150
(2)
No written access agreement for the provision of listed network facilities or network services shall be enforceable unless it has been registered.
Notification of access disputes
Section 151
(2)
A party who is seeking to exercise his rights under the standard access obligations, or a party who has notified the Commission of the dispute under subsection (1), may, at any time, withdraw, in writing, the notification.
Access forum
Section 152
The Commission may designate a single industry body to be the access forum for the purposes of this Part.
Section 153
Access code
(2)
An access code shall provide model terms and conditions for compliance with the standard access obligations.
(3)
Matters which the access code may address include but are not limited to—
(a)
the time frame and procedures for negotiations and the concluding of access agreements;
(4)
The access code may provide for different terms and conditions for the different network facilities and network services listed in the access list.
Registration of the access code
Section 154
The Commission shall not register an access code unless it is satisfied that the access code is consistent with the standard access obligations.
Section 155
Industry access undertakings
(2)
An access undertaking may specify more than one set of terms and conditions for access to a particular network facility or network service listed in the access list.
Registration of an undertaking
Section 156
The Commission shall not register an undertaking, in accordance with its general powers in section 111, unless it is satisfied that the undertaking is consistent with the standard access obligations.
Part VII
Part VII
TECHNICAL REGULATION
Spectrum Assignment
Prohibition on using spectrum without assignment
Section 157
(c)
the use of the spectrum is subject to a class assignment issued by the Commission under this Part.
(2)
A person who contravenes any prohibition under this Chapter commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
Power of the Minister to make regulations
Section 158
The Minister may make regulations in relation to any matter under this Part.
Section 159
Issue of spectrum assignment
(2)
A spectrum assignment may be issued under this section only when the relevant frequency bands for spectrum assignment have been determined by the Minister.
Spectrum assignment to comply with spectrum plan
Section 160
A spectrum assignment shall not be issued unless it is consistent with the spectrum plan.
Section 161
Reissue of spectrum assignment
Except if the Commission decides that it is in the national interest that a spectrum assignment be issued to the existing assignment holder, the procedure for the reissue of a spectrum assignment shall be in accordance with sections 159 and 160.
92
Act 588
Section 162
Third party transfers
A holder of a spectrum assignment may transfer to or otherwise deal with any or all of the rights assigned under section 159 with a third party only if it is in accordance with the provisions of section 163.
Section 163
Transfer rules
(2)
The Commission may direct a holder of a spectrum assignment to comply with any rules made under this section.
Issue of apparatus assignment
Section 164
(2)
An apparatus assignment issued under this section may be subject to such conditions as the Commission may impose.
Apparatus assignment to comply with spectrum plan
Section 165
An apparatus assignment shall not be issued unless it is consistent with the spectrum plan developed under this Part.
Section 166
Situation where apparatus assignment shall not be issued
The Commission shall not issue an apparatus assignment for the use of a spectrum that has been determined for spectrum assignments.
Section 167
Third party authorization
(2)
The regulations made by the Minister under section 158 may provide for the third party operation of a network facility which is the subject of an apparatus assignment by persons authorized by the holder of the apparatus assignment.
Maximum term for an apparatus assignment
Section 168
Communications and Multimedia
An apparatus assignment shall not be valid for a period of more than five years from its date of issue.
Section 169
Class assignment
(2)
A class assignment issued under this section may be subject to such conditions as the Commission may impose.
Class assignment to comply with spectrum plan
Section 170
A class assignment shall not be issued unless it is consistent with the spectrum plan developed under this Part.
Section 171
Situation where class assignment shall not be issued
The Commission shall not issue a class assignment that authorizes the use of the spectrum that is determined for spectrum assignments.
Section 172
Spectrum plan
(2)
The spectrum plan shall be made available to the public
(including in an electronic media) for a fee to be decided by the
Commission.
Contents of spectrum plan
Section 173
(2)
The Commission, in exercising the functions under subsection (1), shall take into account—
(c)
any applicable international standards, conventions and agreements including, but not limited to, the International
Telecommunication Union and its radio regulations as agreed to and adopted by Malaysia.
Preferential rights
Section 174
The Minister may determine that specified spectrum assignment and/or apparatus assignment may only be issued to particular persons or classes of persons who satisfy such conditions as are specified in the determination published in the Gazette.
Section 175
Dispute about interference
(2)
The resolution of disputes under subsection (1) shall comply with Chapter 7 of Part V.
Minister may determine spectrum for spectrum assignment
Section 176
(2)
The determination made under subsection (1) may include limits on the amount of spectrum available, either generally or to particular persons or classes of persons.
(3)
The determination made under subsection (1) shall be deemed to include the term that the spectrum assignment shall not exceed twenty years.
95
Communications and Multimedia
Spectrum plan to include procedures for spectrum assignment and apparatus assignment
Section 177
The spectrum plan may include procedures for the assignment of spectrum assignments and apparatus assignments such as, but is not limited to, the following:
(a)
procedures for the assignment of spectrum assignments and apparatus assignments by auction;
(b)
procedures for the assignment of spectrum assignments and apparatus assignments by tender;
(c)
procedures for the assignment of spectrum assignments at a fixed price to be determined by the Minister;
(d)
procedures for the assignment of apparatus assignments at a fixed price to be determined by the Commission; and/or
(e)
a conversion plan for the conversion of designated apparatus assignments into spectrum assignments.
Compulsory acquisition of assignments in determined spectrum
Section 178
(2)
The Commission may recommend to the Minister that assignments in a determined spectrum be compulsorily acquired by the Commission in accordance with a reassignment of spectrum consistent with the spectrum plan.
(3)
The Minister may, after taking into account the recommendation of the Commission under subsection (2), direct that assignments in a determined spectrum be compulsorily acquired by the
Commission.
(4)
The Commission may pay a reasonable amount of compensation to the holder of an assignment whose assignment has been acquired prior to its expiry, by a direction made under this section.
(5)
No compensation may be payable if an assignment is not renewed.
96
Act 588
Numbering and Electronic Addressing
Control, planning and administration of numbering and electronic addressing
Section 179
(2)
The Commission may delegate any or all of its functions under this Chapter.
Numbering and electronic addressing plan
Section 180
(2)
The numbering and electronic addressing plan may set out rules which include, but are not limited to—
(a)
the use of different numbers and electronic addresses for different kinds of services;
(f)
the requirements for network service providers and applications service providers to maintain a plan for assigning and reassigning numbers and electronic addresses; and
(g)
the rates for the assignment and transfer of numbers and electronic addresses which may be imposed by the
Commission.
(3)
The Commission shall make the numbering and electronic addressing plan available to the public for a fee to be decided by the Commission.
97
Communications and Multimedia
Management or maintenance of an integrated public number or electronic address database
Section 181
(2)
A person specified under subsection (1) shall provide non-discriminatory commercial access to the database on the same terms and conditions which it offers to itself.
(3)
The Commission may direct a person specified under subsection (1) regarding the manner in which he will discharge his obligation under subsection (2).
Technical Standards
Hindering interoperability an offence
Section 182
A person who uses any technical equipment or systems which hinder network interoperability commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
Section 183
Compromising public safety an offence
A person who uses any technical equipment or systems which compromise public safety commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
Section 184
Technical standards forum
The Commission may designate an industry body to be a forum for technical standards (“technical standards forum”) for the purposes of this Part.
98
Act 588
Section 185
Matters for technical code
(a)
requirements for network interoperability, including, but not limited to, the provision of certain network capabilities such as calling line identification capability and pre-selection capability; and
(2)
A technical code prepared by the technical standards forum or the Commission under this section may include, but is not limited to, the following:
(a)
the provision of network facilities, including requirements for qualified providers and installers;
(b)
the provision of network services, including requirements for qualified providers;
(c)
the provision of applications services, including requirements for qualified providers;
(d)
the provisions of customer equipment and cabling, including requirements for qualified installers;
(g)
the promotion of electromagnetic immunity and compatibility.
Certifying agencies
Section 186
(2)
An approval by a registered certifying agency shall be deemed to be an approval by the Commission for the purposes of this Chapter.
99
Communications and Multimedia
Part VIII
Part VIII
CONSUMER PROTECTION
Quality of Service
Exemption from offence provisions
Section 187
A network facilities provider, network service provider, applications service provider or content applications service provider who is not required to have an individual licence, and is not subject to class licence, under Part VI and IX, is deemed to have been exempted from the offence provisions of section 188.
Section 188
Provision of network service or applications service
(2)
A network facilities provider, network service provider, applications service provider or content applications service provider who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
Consumer forum
Section 189
The Commission may designate an industry body to be a consumer forum for the purposes of this Chapter.
Section 190
Matters for consumer code
(b)
the handling of customer complaints and disputes including an inexpensive arbitration process other than a court, and procedures for the compensation of customers in case of a breach of a consumer code; and/or
(2)
The matters which the consumer code may address may include, but are not limited to—
(a)
the provision of information to customers regarding services, rates and performance;
Section 191
Commission shall include model procedures for—
After the preparation of a consumer code, the consumer code shall be published and notice of it shall be advertised in at least one national language and one English language national daily newspapers for at least three consecutive days.
Required Applications Services
Section 192
(2)
The list referred to in subsection (1) may include, but is not limited to—
(a)
emergency services (including access to controlled network facilities and network services for the purposes of providing emergency services);
101
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
directory assistance services (including access to controlled network facilities, network services and relevant databases);
(d)
services for disabled consumers.
Minister’s direction to provide required application service
Section 193
(a)
the classes of applications service providers who shall undertake any or all of the applications services on the list of required applications services; or
(b)
the classes of network service providers who shall enable the provision of any or all of the applications services on the list of required applications services.
(2)
The Commission shall direct—
(a)
the class of applications service providers determined under paragraph (1)(a) to provide the required applications services; and
(b)
the class of network service providers determined under paragraph (1)(b) to enable the provision of the required applications services.
Direction may specify operational details
Section 194
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Act or any instrument made, issued or given under this Act, a direction by the Commission issued under section 193 may provide for or specify operational details relating to a required applications service.
Resolution of Consumer Disputes
Disputes between consumers and licensees
Section 195
The Commission may use any of its powers under this
Act in the resolution of complaints received from consumers in
102
Act 588
relation to matters of customer service and consumer protection including, but not limited to, the failure by a licensee to comply with a consumer code prepared under this Part.
Section 196
Procedures for consumer complaints
The Commission shall establish procedures or guidelines for the making, receipt and handling of complaints of consumers regarding the conduct or operation of licensees.
Rate Regulation
Rate setting by providers
Section 197
(2)
All of the providers mentioned in subsection (1) are required to publish the rates charged to customers for one or more services.
(3)
For the purposes of this Chapter, “network facilities provider”
includes a nominated facilities provider.
Principles on rate setting
Section 198
The rates established by a provider mentioned in subsection 197(1) shall be on the basis of the following principles:
(a)
rates must be fair and, for similarly situated persons, not unreasonably discriminatory;
(b)
rates should be oriented toward costs and, in general, cross-subsidies should be eliminated;
(c)
rates should not contain discounts that unreasonably prejudice the competitive opportunities of other providers;
(d)
rates should be structured and levels set to attract investment into the communications and multimedia industry; and
103
Communications and Multimedia
(e)
rates should take account of the regulations and recommendations of the international organizations of which Malaysia is a member.
Rate setting by the Minister
Section 199
Notwithstanding section 197, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, intervene freely or frequently in determining and setting the rates for any competitive facilities or services provided by a provider mentioned in subsection 197(1)
for good cause, or as the public interest may require.
Section 200
Power of the Minister to determine persons or areas for special rates
In the following cases, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, determine special rate regulation regimes, which may include setting, reviewing and approving rates, or forbearing from the regulation of rates—
(a)
where the rates are not set in accordance with the principles in section 198; or
(b)
in respect of the facilities or services provided by a provider mentioned in subsection 197(1), for a particular group of persons or in a particular area.
Rules regarding rates
Section 201
(2)
The rules which may be made by the Minister under subsection (1) may include, but are not limited to—
(a)
rules about the rates and variation of rates for specified or classes of network facilities, network services, applications services or content applications services;
(b)
rules about the publication or disclosure of rates for specified or classes of network facilities, network services, applications services or content applications services;
or
104
Act 588
(c)
rate control mechanisms applied to specified licensees or classes of licensees, or specified or classes of network facilities, network services, applications services or content applications services.
Universal Service Provision
System of universal service provision
Section 202
(2)
The Minister may make regulations under section 16 for the implementation of subsection (1).
Definition of “underserved areas” and “underserved groups within the community”, etc.
Section 203
(2)
In determining the definition of “underserved areas”, the
Commission may have regard to—
(c)
the commercial viability of installing network facilities or providing network services or applications services in particular areas or places.
(3)
In determining the definition of “underserved groups within the community”, the Commission may have regard to—
(a)
the availability of services to such groups; and/or
105
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
any barriers to the use of available services.
Universal Service Provision Fund
Section 204
(2)
The Minister may make regulations regarding contributions by licensees, under this Act, or by any other person to the
USP Fund and any other matters related to or incidental to the establishment and operation of the USP Fund.
Part IX
Part IX
SOCIAL REGULATION
Licensing
Prohibition on the provision of content applications service
Section 205
(a)
the person holds a valid individual licence granted under this Part to provide the content applications service;
or
(b)
the content applications service is subject to a valid class licence under this Part.
(2)
A licence obtained under this section does not exempt any person from the obligation to obtain a licence under any other relevant section of this Act.
(3)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both and shall also be liable to a further fine of one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
106
Act 588
Compliance with licence conditions
Section 206
(2)
Any special or additional conditions of a licence may be declared by the Minister and included in the licence.
(3)
A content applications service provider shall not provide any service except in accordance with the conditions of the licence granted to that licensee under this Chapter or the conditions of a class licence to which such content applications service provider is subject.
Closed content applications service
Section 207
(2)
In the absence of such determination, a closed content applications service shall be—
(b)
a content applications service provided only to the employees or officers of a single body corporate.
(3)
The provision of any closed content applications service shall be exempt from the provisions of this Part.
Exemptions for incidental content
Section 208
(2)
For the purposes of this section, the Minister may determine guidelines to clarify the meaning of “content incidental to the service provided” (“incidental content”) and all matters related to it.
107
Communications and Multimedia
(3)
The guidelines determined by the Minister shall be published by the Commission, in the manner it deems appropriate, and shall be registered in the register as soon as practicable.
Limited content applications service
Section 209
(2)
A limited content applications service provider to which no class licence applies shall be deemed to be exempted from all the provisions under this Part.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, the Minister may determine guidelines which clarify or add to the criteria used in defining the term “limited content applications service” and all matters related to it.
(4)
The guidelines determined by the Minister shall be published by the Commission, in the manner it deems appropriate, and shall be registered in the register as soon as practicable.
Opinion on category of service
Section 210
(2)
The Commission shall provide its opinion within thirty days from the date of receipt of the application.
(3)
The Commission shall take into account any relevant
Ministerial guidelines and any previous opinions given under this
Chapter before giving its opinion.
(4)
The opinion shall be binding on the Commission and all affected parties for a period of three years from the date that the opinion is provided under subsection (2).
(5)
Notwithstanding subsection (4), the Commission may withdraw an opinion if it is satisfied that the nature of the service has changed materially.
108
Act 588
(6)
The Commission shall maintain a register of opinions in accordance with Chapter 6 of Part V.
Content Requirements
Prohibition on provision of offensive content
Section 211
(2)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both and shall also be liable to a further fine of one thousand ringgit for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
Content forum
Section 212
The Commission may designate an industry body to be a content forum for the purposes of this Part.
Section 213
Content code
(2)
The matters which the code may address may include, but are not limited to—
(c)
the procedures for handling public complaints and for reporting information about complaints to the
Commission;
109
Communications and Multimedia
(e)
public information and education regarding content regulation and technologies for the end user control of content; and
Part X
Part X
GENERAL
Installation of Network Facilities, Access to Network
Facilities, etc.
Inspection of land
Section 214
A network facilities provider may, for the purposes of determining whether any land is suitable for his purpose of installing, or obtaining access to, network facilities—
(b)
do anything on the land that is necessary or desirable for that purpose, including making surveys, taking levels, sinking bores, taking samples, digging pits and examining the soil.
Installation of network facilities
Section 215
(a)
the provider is authorized to do so by a network facilities installation permit issued by the Commission under section 226;
(c)
the network facilities are temporary network facilities for use by, or on behalf of, the Ministry of Defence for defence purposes; or
110
Act 588
(d)
the installation is carried out for the sole purpose of connecting a building or structure, or a line that forms part of a network facility.
(2)
The installation of the network facilities authorized by this section may require the approval of the State Authority, local authority, or other relevant authority, if necessary.
(3)
If subsection (1) authorizes a network facilities provider to carry out a particular activity, the provider may, for purposes in connection with the carrying out of that activity—
(b)
on, over or under the land, do anything necessary or desirable for those purposes, including—
(i)
constructing, erecting and placing any post or network facility;
(ii)
felling and lopping trees and clearing and removing other vegetation and undergrowth;
(iv)
restoring the surface of the land and, for that purpose, removing and disposing of soil, vegetation and other material;
(v)
erecting temporary workshops and sheds and other temporary buildings; and
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, determine that specified network facilities are low-impact network facilities.
Minimal damage
Section 216
In engaging in an activity under this Chapter, a network facilities provider shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that he causes as little detriment and inconvenience, and does as little damage, as is practicable.
111
Communications and Multimedia
Section 217
Network facilities provider to restore land
If a network facilities provider engages in an activity under this Chapter in relation to any land, the provider shall take all reasonable steps to restore the land to a condition that is similar to its condition before the activity began.
Section 218
Management of activity
A network facilities provider shall, in connection with carrying out an activity covered by this Chapter, take all reasonable steps—
(i)
the operations of a public utility;
Section 219
(2)
A network facilities provider shall comply with an agreement in force under subsection(1).
112
Act 588
Conditions to which a network facilities installation permit is subject
Section 220
If—
(a)
a network facilities provider engages, or proposes to engage, in an activity covered by this Chapter;
(b)
that activity is or will be authorized by a network facilities installation permit; and
(c)
the network facilities installation permit is subject to one or more conditions, the network facilities provider shall comply with those conditions.
Notice to owner of land
Section 221
(2)
The notice must specify the purpose for which the provider intends to engage in the activity.
(3)
The notice under subsection (1) must contain a statement to the effect that if a person suffers financial loss or damage in relation to property because of anything done by the provider in engaging in the activity, compensation may be payable.
(4)
The notice under subsection (1) must be given at least fourteen days before the provider begins to engage in the activity.
(5)
A person may waive the person’s right to be given a notice under subsection (1).
(6)
Subsection (1) does not apply if—
(a)
the network facilities provider has complied with any technical code and mandatory standards relevant to the activity; and
113
Communications and Multimedia
(i)
the integrity of network facilities;
(7)
Subsection (1) does not apply if—
(b)
engaging in those activities does not involve any material disturbance to the land; and
(c)
the land is a public place.
Notice to owner of land for lopping of trees, etc.
Section 222
(b)
clearing or removing undergrowth or vegetation on private land, under section 215, a network facilities provider shall give—
(aa) the owner of the land; and
(bb) if the land is occupied by a person other than the owner, the occupier, a written notice requesting that the tree be cut down or lopped, or that the undergrowth or vegetation be cleared, in the manner, and within the period, specified in the notice.
(2)
The provider may only engage in those activities if the request is not complied with.
(3)
A person may waive the person’s right to be given a notice under subsection (1).
114
Act 588
(4)
Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply if—
(a)
the network facilities provider has complied with any technical codes and/or mandatory standards relevant to the activities; and
(i)
the integrity of network facilities;
(v)
the maintenance of an adequate level of service.
Notice to road authority, public utility, etc.
Section 223
(c)
altering the position of a conduit, gas main or pipe, under section 215, a network facilities provider shall give written notice of his intention to do so to the person or authority responsible for the care and management of the road, bridge, conduit, gas main or pipe.
(2)
A person or authority may waive the person’s or authority’s right to be given a notice under subsection (1).
(3)
Subsection (1) does not apply if—
(a)
the network facilities provider has complied with any technical codes and mandatory standards relevant to the activities; and
(i)
the integrity of a network facility;
115
Communications and Multimedia
(v)
the maintenance of an adequate level of service.
Road, etc., to remain open for passage
Section 224
If a network facilities provider engages in an activity covered by section 215, the provider shall ensure that the network facilities installed over a road, bridge, path or navigable water are installed in a way that will allow reasonable passage by persons, vehicles and vessels.
Section 225
Network facilities installation permit
A network facilities provider may apply to the Commission, in the manner as provided in the regulations, for a network facilities installation permit authorizing the network facilities provider to carry out the installation of one or more network facilities.
Section 226
Criteria for issue of network facilities installation permit
The Commission shall issue a network facilities installation permit that authorizes a network facilities provider to carry out the installation of one or more facilities if the network facilities provider has satisfied the Commission that—
(i)
the provider has made reasonable efforts in good faith with each proprietor whose approval is required or would, apart from section 215, be required, for carrying out the installation; and
(ii)
at least one of those approvals has not been obtained within fourteen days after the beginning of the negotiations concerned;
(b)
each State Authority, local authority or other authority, whose approval is required or would, apart from section 215, be required, for the installation of the network facilities, has given such approval;
116
Act 588
(c)
the network facilities are, or are likely to be, part of another network facility of national significance;
(d)
the network facilities are, or are likely to be, an important part of another network facility;
(i)
the network facilities are part of another network facility, the greater part of which has already been installed;
(ii)
the network facilities are a part of another network facility, the greater part of which has not been installed, but each State Authority, local authority or other authority whose approval was required or would, apart from section 215, be required, for the installation of the greater part of the network has given, or is reasonably likely to give, such approval; or
(iii)
the network facilities are part of another network facility, none of which has been installed, but each
State Authority, local authority or other authority, whose approval was required or would, apart from section 215, be required, for the installation of the greater part of the infrastructure of the network facilities, has given, or is reasonably likely to give, such approval; and
(f)
the advantages that are likely to be derived from the operation of the network facilities outweigh any form of degradation of the environment that is likely to result from the installation of the network facilities.
Network facilities installation permit has effect subject to this
Act and other laws
Section 227
A network facilities installation permit has effect subject to this Act and any other relevant written law.
Section 228
Access to post, network facilities or right-of-way
(2)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), a network facilities provider or a public utility may deny any network facilities provider access to his post, network facilities or right-of-way on a non-discriminatory basis where there is insufficient capacity, or for reasons of safety, security, reliability, or difficulty of a technical or engineering nature.
Commission to regulate matters on access to post, etc.
Section 229
(1)
The Commission may regulate the rates, terms and conditions for access to any post, network facilities or right-of-way and provide that such rates, terms and conditions are just and reasonable and may adopt procedures necessary and appropriate to hear and resolve disputes in accordance with Chapter 7 of
Part V
Part V.
Section 230
The Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, make regulations regarding the manner for the carrying out of the provisions of this Chapter.
Additional Offences and Penalties
Offence if use apparatus or device without authority
Section 231
A person who uses any apparatus or device with intent to obtain information regarding the contents, sender or addressee of any communication without an approval by a registered certifying agency under Chapter 3 of Part VII commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand
118
Act 588
ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
Section 232
Fraudulent use of network facilities, network services, etc.
(a)
dishonestly transmits or allows to be transmitted any communication or obtains a service provided by a licensed network facilities provider, network service provider, applications service provider or content applications service provider; or
(b)
dishonestly receives a content applications service from a place within Malaysia not intended for general reception, with intent to avoid payment of any rate or fee applicable to the provision of that facility or service commits an offence.
(2)
A person who possesses, obtains or creates a system designed to fraudulently use or obtain any network facilities, network service, applications service or content applications service commits an offence.
(2)
shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.
Improper use of network facilities or network service, etc.
Section 233
(a)
by means of any network facilities or network service or applications service knowingly—
(i)
makes, creates or solicits; and
(ii)
initiates the transmission of, any comment, request, suggestion or other communication which is obscene, indecent, false, menacing or offensive in character with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten or harass another person; or
119
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
initiates a communication using any applications service, whether continuously, repeatedly or otherwise, during which communication may or may not ensue, with or without disclosing his identity and with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten or harass any person at any number or electronic address, commits an offence.
(2)
A person who knowingly—
(a)
by means of a network service or applications service provides any obscene communication for commercial purposes to any person; or
(b)
permits a network service or applications service under the person’s control to be used for an activity described in paragraph (a), commits an offence.
(3)
A person who commits an offence under this section shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both and shall also be liable to a further fine of one thousand ringgit for every day during which the offence is continued after conviction.
Interception and disclosure of communications prohibited
Section 234
(a)
intercepts, attempts to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or attempt to intercept, any communications;
(b)
discloses, or attempts to disclose, to any other person the contents of any communications, knowing or having reason to believe that the information was obtained through the interception of any communications in contravention of this section; or
(c)
uses, or attempts to use, the contents of any communications, knowing or having reason to believe that the
120
Act 588
information was obtained through the interception of any communications in contravention of this section, commits an offence.
(2)
A person authorized under this Act who intentionally discloses, or attempts to disclose, to any other person the contents of any communications, intercepted by means authorized by this Act—
(a)
knowing or having reason to believe that the information was obtained through the interception of such communications in connection with a criminal investigation;
(b)
having obtained or received the information in connection with a criminal investigation; or
(c)
to improperly obstruct, impede, or interfere with a duly authorized criminal investigation, commits an offence.
(2)
shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both.
(4)
It shall be lawful under this Chapter for an officer, employee or agent of any network facilities provider, network service provider, applications service provider or content applications service provider whose facilities or services are used in communications, to intercept, disclose, or use those communications in the normal course of his employment while engaged in any activity which is a necessary incident to the rendition of his facilities or services or to the protection of the rights or property of the provider of the facilities or services, but the provider shall not utilize the facilities or services for observing or random monitoring unless it is for mechanical or service quality control checks.
Damage to network facilities, etc.
Section 235
A person who, by any wilful, dishonest or negligent act or omission, extends, tampers with, adjusts, alters, removes, destroys or damages any network facilities or any part of them
121
Communications and Multimedia commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.
Section 236
Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices, etc.
(a)
produces, assembles, uses, imports, sells, supplies or lets for hire any counterfeit access devices;
(c)
produces, assembles, uses, imports, sells, supplies or lets for hire, or has control or custody of, or possesses any device-making equipment; or
(d)
produces, assembles, uses, imports, sells, supplies or lets for hire, or has control or custody of, or possesses—
(i)
any equipment, device or apparatus that has been modified or altered to obtain unauthorized use of any network service, applications service or content applications service; or
(ii)
hardware or software used for altering or modifying any equipment, device or apparatus to obtain unauthorized access to any network service, applications services or content applications service, commits an offence.
(2)
A person who without the authorization of the issuer of an access device, solicits a person for the purpose of—
(b)
selling information regarding, or an application to obtain, an access device, commits an offence.
(3)
A person who commits an offence under subsection (1)
or (2) shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding
122
Act 588
five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
(4)
For the purposes of this section—
“counterfeit access device” means any access device that is counterfeit, fictitious, altered, or forged, or an identifiable component of an access device or a counterfeit access device;
“device-making equipment” means any equipment, mechanism, or impression designed or primarily used for making an access device or a counterfeit access device;
“unauthorized access device” means any access device that is lost, stolen, expired, revoked, cancelled or obtained with intent to defraud.
Prohibition on call back service
Section 237
(2)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, “call back service”
means a service using any network facilities, network service or applications service that, through uncompleted call signalling or polling from a foreign location, or as a result of such other signalling arrangements as the Commission may determine, enables a user in Malaysia to call a foreign point without paying the rate imposed by an authorized Malaysian network facilities provider, network service provider and/or applications service provider for a call from Malaysia to such point.
Emission from non-standard equipment or device
Section 238
(2)
For the purposes of this Chapter, “non-standard equipment or device” means any equipment or device that does not comply with the technical or procedural standards prepared or determined under this Act.
Unlawful use, possession or supply of non-standard equipment or device
Section 239
Communications and Multimedia
(b)
has in his possession any non-standard equipment or device that he knows or has reason to believe is a non-standard equipment or device for the purpose of installing, working, operating or using the equipment or device; or
(c)
offers for supply, supplies or has in his possession with a view to supply any such non-standard equipment or device, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
(2)
For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), a person is deemed to have a non-standard equipment or device in his possession for the purpose of installing, working, operating or using it if it is in his possession, otherwise than for the purpose of supply to another person, and can be operated by doing any of the following:
(a)
connecting the equipment or device to an electric power supply by means of an electric plug or other electric connection;
(c)
connecting a microphone to the equipment or device by inserting a microphone plug into the equipment or device;
(d)
switching on any other thing relevant to the operation of the equipment or device;
(e)
adjusting settings by manipulating the external switches, dials or other controls of the equipment or device; or
124
Act 588
(3)
In any proceedings under this Act, any document purporting to be a certificate given by an authorized officer certifying that any particular equipment or device is a non-standard equipment or device shall be admissible as a prima facie evidence of the facts stated in it until the contrary is proved.
Offence for distributing or advertising any communications equipment or device for interception of communication
Section 240
A person who intentionally—
(a)
sends through the mail, or sends or carries in national or international commerce, any electronic, mechanical, or other equipment or device, knowing or having reason to believe that the design of the equipment or device renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of any communication; or
(b)
places in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement of—
(i)
any electronic, mechanical, or other equipment or device, knowing or having reason to believe that the design of the equipment or device renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of any communication; or
(ii)
any other electronic, mechanical, or other equipment or device, where the advertisement promotes the use of the equipment or device for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of any communication, knowing or having reason to believe that the advertisement will be sent through the mail or transported in national or international commerce, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
125
Communications and Multimedia
Offence for giving false and misleading statement
Section 241
A person who—
(a)
subject to the provisions of subsection 256(2), refuses to give to an authorized officer any information relating to an offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation;
or
(b)
knowingly gives false information, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
General offence and penalty
Section 242
Every omission or neglect to comply with, and every act done or attempted to be done contrary to, this Act or its subsidiary legislation or any written instrument made under this Act, or in breach of the conditions subject to which any licence has been granted, or assignment issued, shall be an offence against this
Act or its subsidiary legislation, and for every such offence, where the penalty is not otherwise specifically provided for, the offender shall, in addition to the forfeiture of any thing seized, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
Section 243
Compounding of offences
(2)
An offer under subsection (1) may be made at any time after the offence has been committed, but before any prosecution for it has been instituted, and if the amount specified in the offer is not paid within the time specified in the offer or within such
126
Act 588
extended period as the Chairman may grant, prosecution for the offence may be instituted at any time after that against the person to whom the offer was made.
(3)
If an offence has been compounded under subsection (1), no prosecution shall be instituted in respect of the offence against the person to whom the offer to compound was made and any thing seized in connection with the offence may be released or forfeited by the Chairman, subject to such terms and conditions as he thinks fit.
(4)
All sums of money received by the Chairman under this section shall be paid into and form part of the Federal Consolidated
Fund.
Offences by body corporate
Section 244
(a)
may be charged severally or jointly in the same proceedings with the body corporate; and
(b)
if the body corporate is found guilty of the offence, shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence unless, having regard to the nature of his functions in that capacity and to all circumstances, he proves—
(i)
that the offence was committed without his knowledge, consent or connivance; and
(ii)
that he had taken all reasonable precautions and exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.
(2)
If any person would be liable under this Act to any punishment or penalty for his act, omission, neglect or default, he shall be liable to the same punishment or penalty for every
127
Communications and Multimedia such act, omission, neglect or default of any employee or agent of his, or of the employee of the agent, if the act, omission, neglect or default was committed—
(c)
by the employee of the agent in the course of his employment by the agent or otherwise on behalf of the agent acting on behalf of that person.
Powers of Entry, Investigation into Offences and
Prosecution
Authorized officer
Section 245
(2)
Any such officer shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Penal Code.
(3)
In exercising any of the powers of enforcement under this
Act, an authorized officer shall on demand produce to the person against whom he is acting the authority issued to him by the
Minister.
(4)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the Commission may issue directions to a licensee or other person to secure compliance with this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
Power to investigate
Section 246
(2)
In any case relating to the commission of an offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation, any authorized officer carrying
128
Act 588
out an investigation may exercise all or any of the special powers in relation to police investigation in seizable cases given by the
Criminal Procedure Code.
Search by warrant
Section 247
(2)
Without affecting the generality of subsection (1), the warrant issued by the Magistrate may authorize the search and seizure of—
(a)
copies of any books, accounts or other documents, including computerized data, which contain or are reasonably suspected to contain information as to any offence so suspected to have been committed;
(b)
any signboard, card, letter, pamphlet, leaflet or notice representing or implying that the person has a licence granted or assignment issued under this Act; or
(c)
any other document, facility, apparatus, equipment, device or matter that is reasonably believed to furnish evidence of the commission of the offence.
(3)
A police officer or an authorized officer conducting a search under subsection (1) may, for the purpose of investigating into the offence, search any person who is in or on the premises.
(4)
A police officer or an authorized officer making a search of a person under subsection (3) may seize, or take possession of, and place in safe custody all things, other than the necessary clothing, found upon the person, and any other things, for which
129
Communications and Multimedia there is reason to believe that they are the instruments or other evidence of the crime, and they may be detained until the discharge or acquittal of the person.
(5)
Whenever it is necessary to cause a woman to be searched, the search shall be made by another woman with strict regard to decency.
(6)
If, by reason of its nature, size or amount, it is not practicable to remove any book, accounts, document, computerized data, signboard, card, letter, pamphlet, leaflet, notice, facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter seized under this section, the seizing officer shall, by any means, seal such book, accounts, document, computerized data, signboard, card, letter, pamphlet, leaflet, notice, facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter in the premises or container in which it is found.
(7)
A person who, without lawful authority, breaks, tampers with or damages the seal referred to in subsection (6) or removes any book, accounts, document, computerized data, signboard, card, letter, pamphlet, leaflet, notice, facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter under seal or attempts to do so commits an offence.
(8)
If a search under this section indicates that there is any interference-causing equipment, radio apparatus or radio-sensitive equipment, the authorized officer may direct that necessary steps be taken to ensure an interference-free environment.
Search and seizure without warrant
Section 248
If a police officer not below the rank of Inspector in any of the circumstances referred to in section 247 has reasonable cause to believe that by reason of delay in obtaining a search warrant under that section the investigation would be adversely affected or evidence of the commission of an offence is likely to be tampered with, removed, damaged or destroyed, the officer may enter the premises and exercise in, upon and in respect of the premises all the powers referred to in section 247 in as full and ample a manner as if he were authorized to do so by a warrant issued under that section.
130
Act 588
Section 249
Access to computerized data
(2)
For the purposes of this section, “access” includes—
(a)
being provided with the necessary password, encryption code, decryption code, software or hardware and any other means required to enable comprehension of computerized data; and
(b)
the meaning assigned to it by subsections 2(2) and (5)
of the Computer Crimes Act 1997 [Act 563].
List of things seized
Section 250
(2)
If the premises are unoccupied, the seizing officer shall whenever possible post a list of the things seized conspicuously on the premises.
Release of things seized
Section 251
(2)
A record in writing shall be made by the officer effecting the release of any thing under subsection (1) specifying in detail the circumstances of, and the reason for, the release, and he shall send a copy of the record to the Public Prosecutor and to the
Inspector-General of Police within seven days of the release.
Power to intercept communications
Section 252
(2)
When any person is charged with an offence under this
Act or its subsidiary legislation, any information obtained by an authorized officer or a police officer under subsection (1), whether before or after the person is charged, shall be admissible at his trial in evidence.
(1)
may be given either orally or in writing; but if an oral authorization is given, the Public Prosecutor shall, as soon as practicable, reduce the authorization into writing.
(4)
A certificate by the Public Prosecutor stating that the action taken by an authorized officer or a police officer under subsection (1) had been authorized by him under that subsection shall be conclusive evidence that it had been so authorized, and the certificate shall be admissible in evidence without proof of his signature there.
(5)
No person shall be under any duty, obligation or liability, or be in any manner compelled, to disclose in any proceedings the procedure, method, manner or means, or any matter related to it, of anything done under subsection (1).
132
Act 588
Obstruction to search
Section 253
A person who assaults, impedes, obstructs or interferes with, or refuses access to any premises to, an authorized officer in the performance of his duties under this Act or its subsidiary legislation commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
Section 254
Additional powers
An authorized officer shall, for the purposes of the execution of this Act or its subsidiary legislation, have power to do all or any of the following:
(a)
to require the production of records, accounts, computerized data and documents kept by a licensee or other person and to inspect, examine and to download from them, make copies of them or take extracts from them;
(b)
to require the production of any identification document from any person in relation to any case or offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation; and
(c)
to make such inquiry as may be necessary to ascertain whether the provisions of this Act or its subsidiary legislation have been complied with.
Power to require attendance of person acquainted with case
Section 255
(2)
If the person fails to attend as required, the authorized officer may report the failure to a Magistrate who shall issue a warrant to secure the attendance of the person.
Examination of person acquainted with case
Section 256
(2)
The person shall be legally bound to answer all questions relating to the case put to him by the authorized officer, but the person may refuse to answer any question the answer to which would have a tendency to expose him to a criminal charge or penalty or forfeiture.
(3)
A person making a statement under this section shall be legally bound to state the truth, whether or not the statement is made wholly or partly in answer to questions.
(4)
The authorized officer obtaining information from a person shall first inform that person of the provisions of subsections (2)
and (3).
(5)
A statement made by a person under this section shall, whenever possible, be reduced into writing and signed by the person making it or affixed with his thumb print, as the case may be, after it has been read to him in the language in which he made it and after he has been given an opportunity to make any corrections he may wish.
Admissibility of statements in evidence
Section 257
Communications and Multimedia
(2)
No statement under subsection (1) shall be admissible or used—
(a)
if the making of the statement appears to the court to have been caused by any inducement, threat or promise having reference to the charge against such person proceeding from a person in authority and sufficient in the opinion of the court to give the person charged grounds which would appear to him reasonable for supposing that by
134
Act 588
making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceedings against him; or
(b)
in the case of a statement made by the person after his arrest, unless the court is satisfied that he was cautioned in the following words or words to the like effect:
“It is my duty to warn you that you are not obliged to say anything or to answer any question, but anything you say, whether in answer to a question or not, may be given in evidence”.
(3)
A statement made by a person before there is time to caution him shall not be rendered inadmissible in evidence merely by reason of his not having been cautioned if he is cautioned as soon as possible after that.
Authorized officer to complete investigation and hand over to police
Section 258
Upon completion of his investigation into an offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation, the authorized officer shall immediately give all information relating to the commission of the offence to an officer in charge of a police station and a police officer may, by warrant, arrest a person who may have committed an offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation.
Section 259
Prosecution
No prosecution shall be instituted for an offence under this
Act without the consent in writing of the Public Prosecutor.
Section 260
Forfeiture
(2)
An order for the forfeiture or for the release of any facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter liable to forfeiture under this section shall be made by the court before which the prosecution with regard to it has been held and an order for the forfeiture of the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or
135
Communications and Multimedia matter shall be made if it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that an offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation, or any breach of the conditions subject to which a licence has been granted or an assignment has been issued, has been committed and that the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter was used in the commission of the offence despite the fact that no person may have been convicted of the offence or breach.
(3)
If there is no prosecution with regard to any facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter seized in the exercise of any power conferred under this Act, the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter shall be taken or deemed to be forfeited at the expiration of one calendar month from the date it was seized unless a claim to it is made before that date in the manner provided in this section.
(4)
A person asserting that he is the owner of any facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter seized under this
Act and that the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter is not liable to forfeiture may personally or by his agent authorized in writing by him give written notice to the Commission or any authorized officer of his claim.
(5)
On receipt of a notice under subsection (4), the Commission or any authorized officer shall, after such enquiry as may be necessary, direct that the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter be released or forfeited or refer the case to a
Sessions Court Judge for decision.
(6)
The Sessions Court Judge to whom the case is referred shall issue a summons requiring the person asserting that he is the owner of the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter and the person from whom they were seized to appear before him and upon his appearance or default to appear, due service of the summons being proved, the Sessions Court Judge shall proceed to the examination of the case and on proof that an offence under this Act has been committed and that the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter was the subject-matter or was used in the commission of the offence, shall order the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter to be forfeited or may, in the absence of such proof, order the release of the facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter to the person entitled to it.
136
Act 588
(7)
Any facility, apparatus, equipment, device, thing or matter forfeited or deemed to be forfeited shall be delivered to the
Commission or an authorized officer who shall dispose of it in the manner as the Commission deems fit.
Jurisdiction to try offences
Section 261
Notwithstanding any written law to the contrary, a Sessions
Court shall have jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act.
Section 262
Rewards
The Commission may order such rewards as it may deem fit to be paid to any police officer or other public officer or other person for services rendered in connection with the detection of any offence under this Act or its subsidiary legislation, or in relation to any forfeiture proceeding, or any seizure made, under this Act.
National Interest Matters
General duty of licensees
Section 263
(2)
A licensee shall, upon written request by the Commission or any other authority, assist the Commission or other authority as far as reasonably necessary in preventing the commission or attempted commission of an offence under any written law of Malaysia or otherwise in enforcing the laws of Malaysia, including, but not limited to, the protection of the public revenue and preservation of national security.
Persons not liable for act done in good faith
Section 264
Any network facilities provider, network service provider, applications service provider or content applications service
137
Communications and Multimedia provider or any of his employees, shall not be liable in any criminal proceedings of any nature for any damage (including punitive damages), loss, cost, or expenditure suffered or to be suffered (whether directly or indirectly) for any act or omission done in good faith in the performance of the duty imposed under section 263.
Section 265
Network interception capability
(2)
A determination, under subsection (1), may specify the technical requirements for authorized interception capability.
Special powers in emergency
Section 266
(a)
suspend the licence of any licensee, take temporary control of any network facilities, network service, applications service and/or content applications service owned or provided by a licensee in any manner as he deems fit;
(b)
withdraw either totally or partially the use of any network facilities, network service, applications service and/or content applications service from any licensee, person or the general public;
(c)
order that any communication or class of communications to or from any licensee, person or the general public relating to any specified subject shall not be communicated or shall be intercepted or detained, or that any such communication or its records shall be disclosed to an authorized officer mentioned in the order; or
(2)
If any doubt arises as to the existence of a public emergency or whether any act done under subsection (1) was in the interest of public safety, a certificate signed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
138
Act 588
and exhibited at such places as the Minister deems fit shall be conclusive proof on the point.
(3)
If the Minister takes possession of any network facilities, network service, applications service, content applications service or customer equipment under subsection (1), the person licensed under this Act with regard to the facilities, service or equipment shall be paid adequate compensation which shall be determined by the Minister after giving an opportunity to the licensee to be heard on the matter.
(4)
Nothing in this section shall prevent the use of any network facilities, network service, applications service, content applications service or customer equipment for the purpose of making a distress call.
Disaster plan
Section 267
The Commission may direct a licensee or class of licensees to develop, in consultation with the authorities specified by the
Commission, a disaster plan for the survivability and recovery of any network facilities, network service, applications service or content applications service in case of a disaster, crisis or civil emergency.
Miscellaneous
Minister may make rules on record-keeping
Section 268
The Minister may make rules, to be published in the Gazette, to provide for record-keeping and to require one or more licensees or persons to keep and retain records.
Section 269
Interworking with other authorities
(2)
The Minister may make rules, to be published in the
Gazette, and/or determine arrangements for interworking with, or membership of, international organizations regarding the interworking arrangements between licensees under this Act and international organizations.
(3)
The Commission may direct a licensee to comply with the rules made and/or arrangements determined under subsection (2).
Instruments granted under this Act
Section 270
Communications and Multimedia
An instrument issued, made or given under this Act may make provisions in relation to a matter by applying, adopting or incorporating (with or without modifications) provisions of any other written law that is in operation at the particular time.
Section 271
This Act prevails over other Acts
If there is any inconsistency or conflict between this Act and any other relevant written law, the provisions of this Act shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency or conflict.
Section 272
Protection of officers and other persons
No action or prosecution shall be brought, instituted or maintained in any court against—
(a)
the Commission or an authorized officer or any other person in respect of any act ordered or done for the purpose of carrying into effect this Act; and
(b)
any other person in respect of any act done or purported to be done by him under the order, direction or instruction of the Commission or an authorized officer if the act was done in good faith and in a reasonable belief that it was necessary for the purpose intended to be served by it.
140
Act 588
(2)
Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to, or to give the Commission jurisdiction with respect to access to any posts, network facilities or right-of-way where such matters are regulated by a State Authority, local authority or other authority.
Minister may make regulations
Part XI
Part XI
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Repeal and Savings
Repeal
Section 273
(2)
Any subsidiary legislation made under the repealed Acts shall, in so far as it is not inconsistent with this Act, remain in operation until revoked or replaced by subsidiary legislation made under this Act, and shall be deemed for all purposes to have been made under this Act.
(3)
The Minister may, whenever it appears to him necessary or expedient so to do whether for the purpose of removing difficulties or in consequence of the passing of this Act, by order to be published in the Gazette, make such modifications to any subsidiary legislation as he deems fit.
Dissolution of the Telecommunications Fund
Section 274
(2)
All moneys standing in the Telecommunications Fund shall, on the date of coming into operation of this Act, be transferred to and vested in the Fund established under the Malaysian
Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998.
Savings
Section 275
Any registration, act, order, direction, approval or decision done, made or given before the date of coming into operation of this Act shall be deemed to have been done, made or given under this Act and shall continue in full force and effect in relation to whom they apply until amended or revoked under this Act or new rules, regulations or other subsidiary legislation are made under it or until the date of its expiry.
141
Transitional Provisions for Licences
Old licences to have effect
Section 276
Communications and Multimedia
Acts (“old licences”) shall continue to have effect under this
Act.
Section 277
New class licences to supersede old licences
Notwithstanding section 276, an old licence shall not have effect to the extent of any conflict with a class licence granted under this Act.
Section 278
Old licences shall be registered
Notwithstanding section 276, a valid licence granted under the repealed Acts shall only be effective for a period of twelve months after the appointed date, unless it has been registered
(“registered licence”) by the Commission within twelve months from the appointed date.
A registered licence shall confer no new benefit
Section 279
This Act does not confer any new benefit or right on a registered licensee registered under section 278 except where that benefit or right was conferred under the old licence.
Section 280
Old licensees shall indicate intention
A holder of a licence granted under the repealed Acts shall indicate to the Minister in writing whether he intends to seek a licence under this Act within twelve months from the appointed date.
Section 281
Registered licensee may apply for an individual licence under this Act
(2)
The Minister may declare, in accordance with section 13, that an individual licence, granted under subsection (1), shall be subject to such general or standard conditions as the Minister may determine for each type of licence and such other special or additional conditions as the Minister is satisfied are in the national interest.
Determination of listed facilities and services
Section 282
(2)
Notwithstanding Part V, the Commission shall not be required to conduct an inquiry before making a determination under this section.
Schedule
[Paragraph 32(a), subsections 44(2), 127(1) and 206(1)]
LICENCE CONDITIONS
1. Network Facilities Provider Individual Licence
Standard licence conditions
The licensee shall be a company that is incorporated in
Malaysia.
The shareholding of the company shall comply with relevant
Malaysian foreign investment restrictions.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any changes on shareholdings which are required to be notified to the relevant authority.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any joint ventures with other licensees into which the licensee enters.
The licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the network facilities authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
143
Communications and Multimedia
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the spectrum plan issued under this
Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
Special licence conditions
Definition of terms used in the licence.
Period of the licence.
Initial licence fees.
Annual licence fee schedule:
Annual turnover
%
......%
......%
......%
Licensed area.
Location of control centre.
The percentage of the total services in operation in areas that are determined by the Commission to be “underserved areas” or provided to persons who are determined by the Commission to be
“underserved groups within the community” under section 202 of this Act.
144
Act 588
Installation of broadband infrastructure.
Specific undertaking with respect to levels of investment, specific activities and operations.
Specific rights and privileges agreed between the licensee and the
Government which are conditional upon the undertakings entered into by the licensee.
Requirement for the licensee to transfer assets to the Government at the end of the licence period.
Other special conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
2. Network Facilities Provider Class Licence
Standard licence conditions
A class licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the network facilities authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the spectrum plan issued under this
Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
145
Communications and Multimedia
3. Network Service Provider Individual Licence
Standard licence conditions
The licensee shall be a company that is incorporated in
Malaysia.
The shareholding of the company shall comply with relevant
Malaysian foreign investment restrictions.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any change on shareholdings which are required to be notified to the relevant authority.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any joint ventures with other licensees which the licensee enters into.
The licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the network services authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the spectrum plan issued under this
Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
Special licence conditions
Definition of terms used in the licence.
Period of the licence.
Initial licence fees.
146
Act 588
Annual licence fee schedule:
Annual turnover
%
.......%
.......%
.......%
Licensed area.
Location of control centre.
The percentage of the total services in operation in areas that are determined by the Commission to be “underserved areas” or provided to persons who are determined by the Commission to be
“underserved groups within the community” under section 202 of this Act.
Provision of broadband network services.
Specific undertakings with respect to levels of investment, specific activities and operations.
Specific rights and privileges agreed between the licensee and the
Government which are conditional upon the undertakings entered into by the licensee.
Other special conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
4. Network Service Provider Class Licence
Standard licence conditions
A class licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the network services authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
147
Communications and Multimedia
The licensee shall comply with the spectrum plan issued under this
Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
5. Applications Service Provider Individual Licence
Standard licence conditions
The licensee shall be a company that is incorporated in
Malaysia.
The shareholding of the company shall comply with relevant
Malaysian foreign investment restrictions.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any changes on shareholding which are required to be notified to the relevant authority.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any joint ventures with other licensees which the licensee enters into.
The licence replaces any other licence issued by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the applications services authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines and regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
148
Act 588
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
Special licence conditions
Definition of terms used in the licence.
Period of the licence.
Initial licence fee.
Annual licence fee schedule:
Annual turnover
%
….%
….%
….%
Licensed area.
Location of control centre.
The percentage of the total volume of traffic carried by means of the licensee’s network facilities that will be originated, or terminated, or originated and terminated in areas that are determined by the
Commission to be “underserved areas”, or will be provided to persons who are determined by the Commission to be “underserved groups within the community” under section 202 of this Act.
Provision of broadband applications services.
Specific undertakings with respect to levels of investment, specific activities and operations.
Specific rights and privileges agreed between the licence and the
Government which are conditional upon the undertakings entered into by the licensee.
Other special conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
6. Applications Service Provider Class Licence
Standard licence conditions
The class licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the applications services authorized under this licence.
149
Communications and Multimedia
The licensee must comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
7. Content Applications Service Provider Individual Licence
Standard licence conditions
The licensee shall be a company that is incorporated in
Malaysia.
The shareholding of the company shall comply with relevant
Malaysian foreign investment restrictions.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any changes on shareholdings which are required to be notified to the relevant authority.
The licensee shall notify the Minister of any joint ventures with other licensees which the licensee enters into.
The licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the content applications services authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
150
Act 588
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
Special licence conditions
Definition of terms used in the licence.
Period of the licence.
Initial licence fees.
Annual licence fee schedule:
Annual turnover
%
.....%
.....%
.....%
Licensed area.
Location of control centre.
Station call.
Hours of operation.
The percentage of the total content applications service area covered by the licensee which will be located in areas that are determined by the Commission to be “underserved areas”, or will be provided to persons who are determined by the Commission to be “underserved groups within the community” under section 202 of this Act.
The requirement to provide a certain percentage of local content
(including special content categories such as: particular language content requirements, particular categories of local production such as film, advertising, etc.).
Specific undertakings with respect to levels of investment, specific activities and operations.
151
Communications and Multimedia
Specific rights and privileges agreed between the licensee and the
Government which are conditional upon the undertakings entered into by the licensee.
Other special conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
8. Content Applications Service Provider Class Licence
Standard licence conditions
A class licence replaces any other licence granted by the Minister and shall be the sole licence held by the licensee in respect of the content applications services authorized under this licence.
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“this Act”).
The licensee shall comply with the provisions of any subsidiary legislation made, or other instruments, guidelines or regulatory policies issued, under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with the numbering and electronic addressing plan issued under this Act.
The licensee shall comply with any consumer codes registered under this Act which are relevant to the activities of the licensee.
The licensee shall indemnify the Minister and the Commission against any claims or proceedings arising from any breaches or failings on the part of the licensee.
Other standard conditions and matters as declared by the Minister, or provided in any subsidiary legislation, under this Act.
152
Act 588
Act 588
LIST OF AMENDMENTS
Amending law
Short title
In force from
Act A1220
Communications and Multimedia 01-04-2005
(Amendment) Act 2004
153
Communications and Multimedia
Act 588
LIST OF SECTIONS AMENDED
Section
Amending authority
In force from
4
6
16
23a
24
24a
26a
26b
26c
26d
26e
30
34
36
80
104
147
157
187
188
154
Act 588
Section
Amending authority
In force from
193
204
Common questions
- What is AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998?
- COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998 is Malaysia Act, cited as Act 588 1998, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1998.
- Is AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 still in force?
- Yes — AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 is currently in force.
- When did AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 take effect?
- AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 was first recorded in 1998.
- How many sections does AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 have?
- AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 contains 282 sections.
- What amends AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998?
- AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 has been amended by AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA (PINDAAN) 2025.
- Where can I read the official version of AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998?
- The official text of AKTA KOMUNIKASI DAN MULTIMEDIA 1998 is published at lom.agc.gov.my.